高中英语高考英语名词知识点总结带答案第p6125期.docx

高中英语高考英语名词知识点总结带答案单项选择题（精选试题-名师出品）Dieting and exercising can bring your weight under control but you must stick to your plan with.A. perseveranceB. interactionC. appreciationD. amusement答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：节食和锻炼可以控制你的体重，但你必须坚持不懈地坚持你的计划。A.perseverance坚持不懈；B.interaction相互作用;C.appreciation感激；D.amusement可笑。根据句意可知，节 食和锻炼可以控制你的体重，但你必须坚持不懈地坚持你的计划。应选A选项。2、Our school is based on the basic that all students should develop their full potential.A. optionB. intelligenceC. principleD. structure答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们学校基于的基本原那么是所有学生都应该充分发挥自己的潜力。A. option选项;intelligence智力;C.principle原那么；D.structure结构。根据句意可知，“所有学生都应该充分发挥自己的潜 力”应该是学校的基本原那么，"principle意为"原那么"，名词词性，符合句意。应选C项。3、 It's time for all countries to work together to reduce air.A. recognitionB. reservationC. positionD. pollution答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在是所有国家共同努力减少空气污染的时候了。A. recognition认识，识别；B.reservation预定,预约;C.position位置;D.pollution污染。根据空前句意可知,空处需用名词pollution,表 示所有国家共同努力减少空气污染。应选D。4、 I watched the plane go higher and higher until I lost of it.resources at the lowest possible environmental cost.A. inspectionB. exploitationC. contradictionD. exception答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：兴旺国家和开展中国家面临的一项艰巨任务是保证以尽可能低的环境代价开发自然资源。A. inspection 检查；B. exploitation 利用，开发；C. contradiction 矛盾；D. exception 例外。根据语境和 后文“of natural resources at the lowest possible environmental cost可知，此处指自然资源的开发。应选 B 项。31、Brought up by parents who are both devoted doctors, he has high for medical professionals and theirwork.A. regardB. attitudeC. establishmentD. wisdom答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：被两个有奉献精神的医生父母养大，他对医生职业和他们的工作极为尊敬。A.regard 尊敬;B.attitude 态度；establishment 建立；D.wisdom 智慧。根据"Brought up by parents who are both devoted doctors可知，他对医生和他们的工作极为尊敬。应选A。32、 Jim has changed a lot this year and has made a good on others.A. stressB. confusionC. impressionD. campus答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：吉姆今年变化很大，给别人留下了很好的印象。Astress压力；B.confusion困惑；Compression印象;D.campus校园。由前面的Jim has changed a lot可知,句子表示“吉姆今年变化很大,给别人留下了很好的印象"，make a good impression on sb.是固定短语,意为“给某人留下很好的印象”,应选Co33、Zhanguimei's selfless to the cause of education is well known, and all her students respect and love her.10A. faultB. complexityC. devotionD. agony答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：张桂梅对教育事业的无私奉献是众所周知的，她的所有学生都尊敬爱戴她。A. fault过错；B. complexity难题；C.devotion奉献；D. agony极大的痛苦。根据句中的"selfless（无私的）可知， “devotion（奉献）符合句意。应选C。34、 On your way to New York William will keep you if you don't want to be lonely.A. companyB. companionC. safetyD. friend答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析和固定搭配。句意：在你去纽约的路上，威廉将会陪着你如果你不想太孤单的话。A.company陪伴；B panion同伴；C.safety平安；D.friend朋友。根据句意可知，固定搭配keep one's company意为"陪伴某人"最合适。应选A。35、The on Sarah's face told me that she got annoyed.A. confidenceB. expressionC. appearanceD. impression答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:莎拉脸上的表情告诉我她生气了。A.confidence信心；B.expression表情；C.appearance外貌；D.impression印象。根据"told me that she got annoyed”可知,此处是指脸上的表情。应选 Bo36、 The organization has grown enormously since its in 1955.A. libertyB. divisionC. appointmentD. foundation答案：D11解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该组织自1955年成立以来开展迅速。A.liberty自由；B.division分开、分配；C.appointment 约定；D.foundation 建立。根据上文“The organization has grown enormously（这个组织开展迅速） 可知，该组织自1955年成立以来开展迅速。应选D。37、 There come two buses. The former is very crowded, but there is much room in.A. lateB. laterC. latterD. the latter答案：D解析：考查名词。句意：来了两辆公共汽车。前面一辆非常拥挤，但后面一辆有很大的空间。A.late迟（的），作 形容词或副词；B. later后来（的），作形容词或副词；C.latter后者（的），作形容词或名词；D. the latter 后者。根据"There come two buses. The forme门s very crowded”可知，这里特指两辆公共汽车的后面一辆。应选Do38、are kept on the firm for their meat or milk.A. 200 head cattleB. 200 head of cattleC. 200 head cattlesD. 200 heads of cattle答案：B解析：考查名词。句意：该公司饲养了 200头牛以获取肉或奶。表示牲畜的头数，用单位词head,单复数同形， cattle"牛"是集体名词，单复数同形，200 head of cattle表示“200头牛。应选B。39> Genius is one percent and ninety-nine percent perspiration.A. collectionB. orientationC. inspirationD. resource答案：c解析：12 考查名词词义辨析。句意：天才是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的汗水。A. collection聚集；B.orientation 方向； 信仰；C. inspiration 灵感；D. resource 资源。根据"and ninety-nine percent perspiration.可知, 天才需要灵感，但更多的是汗水。应选C。40、The cloth has a of blue and white squares, which is very beautiful.A. paintingB. patternC. sampleD. model答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这块布有蓝白方格的图案，非常漂亮。A. painting绘画；B. pattern模式，图案；C. sample样品；D.model模范。根据后文of blue and white squares指布有蓝白方格的图案，应用pattern。应选 BoDuring the trip to London, what left me the deepest was St. Paul's Cathedral built many years ago.A. impressionB. panicC. resourceD. impact答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在伦敦之行中，给我留下最深刻印象的是多年前修建的圣保罗大教堂。A.impression 印象；B. panic 恐慌；C. resource 资源；D. impact 影响。根据句中“the trip to London和“St. Paul's Cathedral"可知，句中陈述的是圣保罗大教堂是伦敦之行中，给我留下最深刻印象的景点，impression意为 “印象，名词词性，符合句意。应选A项。41、 To fight against global warming, scientists are working on energy-saving measures to reduce fuel.A. consumptionB. collectionC. commitmentD. distribution答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:为了对抗全球变暖，科学家们正在研究减少燃料消耗的节能措施。A. consumption 消耗；B. collection 收藏品；C. commitment 承诺;D. distribution 分配。根据上文“To fight against global13 warming, scientists are working on energy-saving measures to reduce fuel”可知，指科学家们正在研究减少燃料消 耗的节能措施，来对抗全球变暖，应用consumption。应选A。42、 In of our motherland, a large number of people lost their lives.A. defendB. defendsC. defenceD. defending答案：c解析：考查名词。句意：为了保卫祖国，许多人献出了生命。固定短语in defence of"保护，为了保卫，后常接名词 作宾语。应选C项。43、 I want to know the sporting that catch the people's attention in China.A. accidentsB. eventsC. incidentsD. occasion答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道在中国引起人们关注的体育赛事。A.accident意外、意外事故；B.event 大事、公开活动、比赛工程；C.incident事故、事件；D.occasion场合。分析句子可知，本句所谈到的是体育 赛事、体育活动，应选B。44、 We would like to see closer between parents and schools.A. evolutionB. cooperationC. expectationD. rejection答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们希望家长和学校之间的合作更加紧密。A. evolution进化；B.coorperation合作; C expectation 期望；D. rejection 拒绝。根据 closer 和 between parents and schools 可知,此处表示希望家长和 学校紧密合作。应选B。45、 It's a pity that her suggestion met with.14A. rejections. expectationC. distinctionD. cooperation答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：太遗憾了，她的建议遭到反对。A.rejection反对;B.expectation期待；C.distinction差异;D.cooperation合作。根据"It's a pity that”可知建议遭到反对。应选A。47、I want to buy as a birthday gift for my sister.A. some jewelB. a piece of jewelC. a jewelleryD. a piece of jewellery答案：D解析：考查名词。句意：我想买一件珠宝作为我妹妹的生日礼物。jewel指宝石，珍宝，一般指的仅仅是宝石； jewellery珠宝首饰，侧重指首饰，为不可数名词，表示“一件珠宝"应用a piece of jewellery。应选D。48> The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly.A. atmosphereB. adventureC. astronomyD. agriculture答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:两个国家的领导人在友好的气氛中进行了会谈。A. atmosphere气氛；B. adventure 冒险；C. astronomy天文学；D.agriculture农业。在句中构建的情境下，显然只有用atmosphere表示“（友好 的）气氛是合理的。应选A项。49、Male nurses are difficult to hire as many men reject this out of the long-existing discrimination.A. concepts. assessmentC. identityD. personality答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：男护士很难被雇佣到是因为许多男性出于长期存在的歧视而抵抗这个身份。A.15 concept 观念；B. assessment 评估，评价;C. identity 身份;D. personality 个性，品格。根据空前“Male nurses are difficult to hire 及空后“out of the long-existing discrimination”可知，很多男性抵抗男护士这个身份。应选 C 项。50、The motor industry declares that electric cars will become mainstream （主流）over the next.A. entrances. decadeC. committeeD. feedback答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：汽车工业宣称电动汽车将在未来十年成为主流。A. entrance入口； B. decade十年; C committee委员会;D.feedback反响。根据句意以及前文over the next可知,此处指“在未来十年”。应选B 项。51、After a careful survey, the hurricane of the house, which was not that severe, compared withneighboring ones, was assessed at a reasonable 1000 dollars.A. effectsB. damageC. ruinsD. crash答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过仔细的调查，飓风对这所房子的破坏，与邻近的房子相比并不严重，估计为 1000 美元。A. effects 影响；B. damage 损害、损坏；C. ruins 废墟;D. crash 撞车。根据"was assessed at a reasonable 1000 dollars可知此处在评估飓风对这所房子的破坏程度，应选B。52、 It's not necessary to buy any special. Just a pair of good running shoes will do.A. entertainmentB. announcementC. equipmentD. disappointment答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：不需要购买任何特殊设备。一双好的跑鞋就行了。A.entertainment娱乐；B.announcement 公告；C.equipment 设备；D.disappointment 失望。 由“Just a pair of good running shoes will do”16可知，句子说不需要购买任何特殊设备。一双好的跑鞋就行了，因此空格处是设备，即equipment,应选 CoThere is an obvious between the cultures of the West and East.A. contentB. contrastC. contractD. contact答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：东西方文化之间有一个明显的差异。A.content内容；B. contrast差异，比照； C.contract合同;D.contact联系。根据"the West and East.可知，东西方文化之间有一个明显的差异。应选B 项。小提示：54> There is a nice picture in the little bedroom. She likes it very much.A. girlB. girlsC. girl'sD. girls'答案：c解析：考查名词所有格。句意：小女孩的卧室里有一张漂亮的照片。她非常喜欢它。根据句意和空格后"bedroom可 知，空格处应用名词所有格，表示小女孩的卧室，根据句中"She可知，句中指一个小女孩，故排除B和D, 单数名词的所有格直接在名词后加's，故空格处应填gids，意为女孩的。应选C项。55、Music should be taught on a regular basis in schools because of the it can bring to the development ofchildren's brains.A. systemsB. prioritiesC. barriersD. benefits答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：学校应该定期教授音乐，因为音乐对儿童大脑的发育有好处。A. systems体系，系统；B. priorities 优先事项；C. barriers 障碍；D. benefits 好处。根据"Music should be taught on a regular basis in17 schools推知，音乐对儿童大脑的开展是有好处的。应选D。小提示：56、We saw a flock of sparrows and Dad said that they had a wide throughout the country.A. distributionB. possessionC. professionD. platform答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们看到一群麻雀，爸爸说它们广泛分布在全国各地。A. distribution分布，分发;possession 拥有,持有；C. profession 职业;D. platform 平台。结合空后的“throughout the country”可知,此 处指它们分布在全国各地。应选A项。57、She tried not to show in her treatment of the children in her care.A. qualifications. preferenceC. expectationD. blame答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：她尽量不偏袒她照顾的孩子。A.qualification资格；B.preference偏爱； expectation期盼；D.blame责备。根据句意，此处表示对于她照顾的孩子她没有显示出偏爱。选项B符合题 意，应选B。58、 Some cyclists make the that traffic laws do not them. It is not true, though.A. assumption; apply toB. thought; apply toC. assuming; apply forD. idea; apply for答案：A解析：考查名词和动词短语辨析。句意：一些骑自行车的人认为交通法规不适用于他们。但事实并非如此。A.assumption 认为；apply to 适用；B. thought 想法;apply to 适用；C. assuming 认为（动名词）；apply for 中18 请；D.idea想法;apply for申请。根据句意，第一空应填名词assumption"认为作宾语，that引导的同位语从 句对其进行解释说明；第二空，表示适用为固定短语apply to。应选A。59、 Through that "window of the soul", the eye, I can only "see" through my fingertips the of a face.A. criticismB. outlineC. gentlenessD. pace答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：透过灵魂之窗的眼睛，我只能通过指尖看到一张脸的轮廓。A.criticism批评；B. outline轮廓；C.gentleness温柔；D.pace节奏。分析句意可知，此空意为"轮廓",名词outline意为"轮廓, see为及物动词，后接名词outline作宾语。应选B项。60、 There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some and then let me know.A. thoughtB. strengthsC. protectionD. authority答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。考虑一下，然后告诉我。-thought思考；Bo strengths 力量;C.protection 保护;D.authority 权威。根据"There is no need to tell me your answer now”可知， 现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。考虑一下，然后告诉我。应选A项。61、 Xiongan New Area(XNA) in Hebei Province will cover around 200 square kilometres after its.A. expectations. expansionC. exceptionD. exhibition答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：河北雄安新区扩建后将占地约200平方公里。A. expectation期待；B.expansion扩 大,扩建；C. exception 例夕卜；D. exhibition 展览。根据上文“cover around 200 square kilometres afte门ts可知, 表示扩建后将占地约200平方公里，应用expansion。应选B。62、Applying for jobs can be a long and painful.19A. viewB. sceneC. visionD. sight答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看着飞机越飞越高，直到它消失在我的视线里。根据句子分析可知，此处表示 "看不见,表达为sb. lose sight of sth.。A. view风景；B.scene场景；C. vision视觉；D.sight视野,视线。应选Do5、 If what your friend comes up with surprises you, don't express your immediately.A. regionB. rejectionC. electionD. mission答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:如果你的朋友给你惊喜，不要立即表示拒绝。A.region地区；B.rejection拒绝，抛 弃；C.election 选举；D.mission 任务。根据"If what your friend comes up with surprises you”可知,不要拒绝朋友 给你带来的惊喜。应选B。6、What you do every day will eventually affect whether you can achieve your goal. In other words, your behavior will have a vital on your success.A. effortB. effectC. affectionD. affect答案：B解析：考查名词用法和词义辨析-。句意：你每天做的事情最终会影响你是否能实现你的目标。换句话说，你的行为 将对你的成功有至关重要的影响。A. effort努力;B. effect影响;C.affection喜爱；D. affect影响。根据句意 可知，行为对于成功有影响，空处缺少名词作宾语，affect为动词。应选B项。7、 Hearing the funny speech given by the famous professor, all of us burst into.A. laughedB. laughterC. laughingD. laugh答案：BA. processB. benefitC. positionD. climate答案：A解析：考查名词辨析。句意：求职可能是一个漫长而又艰难的历程。A. process过程；B.benefit益处；C.position位 置;D. climate气候。根据"Applying for jobs"可知,求职是一个过程,应选A。63、 They make to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe.A. transports. vehicleC. transportationD. vehicles答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们制造运载工具，把勇敢的人送入太空，探索宇宙的秘密。A. transport运输；B. vehicle车辆，运载工具；C. transportation运输工具。根据"to carry brave people into space"可知,他们制造运 载工具将人送入太空。名词vehicle为可数名词，前无冠词，所以用复数形式。应选D。64、 When the engine would not start, the mechanic inspected all the parts to find what was at.A. wrongB. troubleC. faultD. difficulty答案:c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当发动机发动不起来时，技工检查了所有的部件以找出毛病所在。A. wrong坏事; B.trouble麻烦；C.fault故障；D.difficulty困难。由语意可知，发动机无法起动时，必定是机器出故障了。固 定短语at fault译为：出毛病，出故障。应选C。65、 - What impressed you most during your stay in Britain?-1 had the of meeting the Queen when she visited our school.A. treatyB. privilegeC. inspirationD. exploration答案：B20解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一一你在英国逗留期间印象最深的是什么？一一女王访问我们学校时，我有幸见到 了她。A.treaty 条约;B. privilege 特权，荣幸;C. inspiration 灵感；D. exploration 探测。have the privilege of doing sth 很荣幸做某事是固定短语。应选B项。66、You can take as many as you like because they are free of.A. chargeB. fareC. moneyD. pay答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可以想拿多少就拿多少，因为他们是免费的。A. charge费用；B.fare车费；C.money钱；D. pay薪水，工资。根据上文“because they are free of表示"免费"短语为free of charge,应选A。67> Everyone must follow his advice and Mr. Wang, our headmaster, was no.A. exceptionB. expectationC. experienceD. expression答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人都必须听从他的建议，我们的王校长也不例外。A. exception例外；B.expectation 期待；C. experience 经验；D. expression 表达。根据上文“Everyone must follow his advice”可矢口，王 校长也不例外。应选A。68、You must read the on the bottle and take the right amount of medicine.A. explanationsB. introductionsC. constrictionsD. instructions答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你必须仔细阅读药瓶上的说明，然后服用正确的剂量。A. explanations解释；B.introductions 介绍；C. constrictions 压缩;D. instructions 说明。根据句中"take the right amount of medicine”可推知，要读的是用药说明，instructions常用复数形式，表示说明，说明书，符合句意。应选D项。2169、 Sometimes a strong others' attention might indicate a (n)self-confidence.A. passion for, adjustment todevotion to; compassion inB. fascination with; approach todesire for; lack of答案：D解析：考查名词与介词的搭配。句意：有时候，强烈渴望得到别人的关注可能说明你缺乏自信。A.passion for对 的强烈爱好,adjustment to 对 的调整;B.devotion to 致力于,compassion in 对 的同情;C. fascination with对的迷恋，approach to做的方法；D.desire for对的强烈渴望，lack of缺乏。根据语境和常识， 只有D项逻辑关系通顺，即：渴望被别人关注是一个人缺乏自信的表现，应选D。70、 Norris twice knocked down his in the early rounds of the fight.A. opponents. asteroidC. nephewD. triathlete答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺里斯在比赛的前几轮中两次击倒了对手。A. opponent对手；B.asteroid海星；C. nephew侄子；D. triathlete三项全能运发动。根据语境，诺里斯两次击倒的应该是自己的对手，opponent表 示，对手，符合语意。应选a项。71、 Despite such a big difference in towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regardthe Chinese food as something special.A. attitudeB. meansC. pointD. sight答案：A解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管人们对吃什么的态度有很大的不同，但毫无疑问，西方人认为中国菜很特别。22A.attitude态度;B. means方法；A point观点;D. sight视野，视力。短语attitude towards表