中考阅读理解热点话题考前冲刺集训27-备战2022中考英语阅读理解热点话题 体裁分类训练（中考真题 各地模拟题）.docx

备战2022中考英语阅读理解热点话题+体裁分类训练（中考真题+各地模拟题）中考阅读理解热点话题考前冲刺集训27（2022广东惠州二模）"Five, four, three, two, one, blast off."At 0:23 on October 16, 2021, China launched the manned spaceship Shenzhou-13, sending three astronauts to itsTiangong Space Station. About 6.5 hours after the launch, the spaceship successfully docked （对接）with theTianhe core module of the station.The three - person team is the second crew （工作组）to have entered Tiangong. The team is led by China's first space walker Zhai Zhigang. The other two astronauts are Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu. They have lived and worked together at the station for six months. This is China's longest-ever manned mission.During their six-month stay, the crew carried out a number of tasks. For example, they did spacewalks to fix equipment in preparation for future construction work. Wang Yaping, the first Chinese woman who performed spacewalks, said “Apart from the tasks, we also hope to do more space science education. This will bring space closer to the general public. As a result, they will learn more about the astronauts9 life in space”.Shenzhou-13 was China's last major space mission in 2021. Another six missions are planned to finish the construction of the space station. Once it's completed, Tiangong will be about one-fifth the size of the International Space Station （ISS）. The ISS will reach the end of its life in 2024. Tiangong is likely to be the only operational near-Earth orbit（近地矽L道）space station by then. China looks forward to hosting astronauts from other countries.Denis Simon, at Duke Law in the US, told Xinhua that China's success in space continues to be impressive （令人赞叹的）. “China is now well on its way to being a leader in space exploration. he said.1. The underlined word “nianned" means in the passage.A. carrying plantsB. carrying peopleC. carrying animalsD. carrying machinesShenzhou-13 returned to the earth in.A. March, 2022B. April, 2022C. March, 2024D. April, 2024Word Bankannual adj. 一年一次的exhibit n,展览品remark n.评论39. The science fair was held.A. twice a yearlaboratoryD. for the first time40. Hearing Mr. Morrison's remark, the students feltA. nervousB. funnyC. surprised41. Sarah and Celine's project had to do with.B. in the library C. in theD. excitedA. the disabledB. the environmentC. historical problems D. computer programsWho was the first-prize winner?A. Sarah.B. Celine.C. Tim.D. MoUy.42. What can we infer from Molly's project?D. She is disabled.A. She is a caring girl. B. She loves history. C. She has a sister.（2022-山 东济南二模）Some people say that dogs are man's best friend. They are good partners. Ofcourse, they can be more than just a pet as some dogs are excellent working dogs too. We know about the amazing help guide dogs give to blind people. And more recently, a new role has been found for the animals-working as therapy dogs （治3亍犬）in universities.Research by Washington State University in the US shows that spending time with a dog can help students who are feeling stressed. According to Patricia Pendry from the university, a study of 300 students has found that weekly hour-long periods with dogs brought to the university by professional trainers can make students at the high risk of failing exams or dropping out feel relaxed and accepted. The dogs help them to learn wisely and remember information well.Another piece of research has also shown that touching animals can help make people less stressed, so it makes sense to introduce them into an environment where people are feeling stressed out. And by now, around 1,000 schools in the US have already used therapy pets. It is becoming more common in the UK. However, it's hard to describe the influence of just having a dog lying down in the corner of a class.Using dogs for therapy can also help dogs themselves. In Wales, Swansea University Students' Union has used dogs they saved to help students relax between exams. Mistreated and abandoned （被遗弃的）dogs are also used to communicate with humans.So if you're a student who's been working like a dog (but you still feel like you don't have a dog's chancein passing your exams), maybe introducing a four-legged friend into your life is just what you need.43. The first paragraph mainly talks about.A.excellent working dogsB.different roles of dogsC.dogs and blind peopleD.different kinds of dogsHow can students avoid experiencing too much stress according to Paragraph 2?A.By learning with dogs around.B.By communicating with smart dogs.C.By staying with dogs foranhour a week. D.By asking professional dogtrainers for help.44. What does the underlined word them refer to?A. Researchers. B. Working dogs. C. Dog trainers. D. Therapy pets.45. What does the example of Wales mainly show?A. Dogs can also get help from therapy periods.B. Touching animals is good for students9 health.C. Playing with dogs is very popular among students.D. Ifs important for students to have a rest between exams.46. What can be the best title of the passage?A. A popular way of learningB. Dogs for students stressed outC. Good news for abandoned dogsD. Therapy periods in modern life参考答案：1. BBDD2. A【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了中国发射了载人飞船神舟13号，将三名宇航员送入天宫空间站。这三名宇 航员将在太空做一些任务，他们将在太空停留六个月。1.词义猜想题。 根据“China launched the manned spaceship Shenzhou-13, sending three astronauts to its Tiangong Space Station”可知，中国发射了神舟十三号载人飞船，将三名宇航员送入天 宫空间站，所以manned表示“载人”，应选B。2.推理判断题。根据“At 0:23 on October 16, 2021, China launched the manned spaceship Shenzhou-13, sending three astronauts to its Tiangong Space Station”和"They have lived and worked together at the station for six months”可知，神舟 13 号是在 2021 年 10 月 16 日发射到 太空,在那里工作六个月，因此它在2022年4月16日返回地球，应选B。3.段落大意题。根据“During their six-month stay, the crew carried out a number of tasks”可知， 第三段主要介绍这组宇航员的工作，应选D。4.推理判断题。根据"China looks forward to hosting astronauts from other countries”可知，天宫 将在未来欢迎外国宇航员，应选D。5.推理判断题。根据“Denis Simon, at Duke Law in the US, told Xinhua that China's success in space continues to be impressive （令人赞叹的）. “China is now well on its way to being a leader in space exploration.he said”可知，本文主要是为了展示中国在太空领域的成就，应选A。6. D7. B8. ABA答案第12页，共8页【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了研究发现植物会通过化学物质，声音和真菌彼此交流。6.细节理解题。根据"This happens when a plant gets attacked by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: "I'm being attacked!”可知，当植物受到昆虫攻击时，它们会产生化学物质作为警告或求助信 号，应选D。7.细节理解题。根据“The wood wide web is linked underground by fungi （霉菌）. It links the roots of different plants to each other."可知，真菌是通过相互连接不同植物的根来连接“the wood wide web”的,应选 Bo推理判 断题。根据"Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves.”可知，科学家们每天都在更多地了解植物之间的秘密交流方式。 也许有一天，我们会对植物的交流有足够的了解，从而能够自己与它们“交谈:可推知作 者是想给人们进一步研究的希望，应选A。8.篇章结构题。通读全文可知，本文第一段主要介绍了植物会说话和交流；第二、三、四段 分述了植物主要通过哪几种方式进行交流；第五段又进行了总述给人们对植物进一步研究 的希望；因此本文是采用总一分一总的结构来写的，应选B。9.推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了研究发现植物会通过化学物质，声音和真菌 彼此交流，因此可能会在科学书上看到这篇文章。应选A。10. BACD11. C【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了条形码的开展历程以及条形码的用途。11. 答案第13页，共8页 细节理解题。根据“This year, this great invention is 51 years old!”可知条形码已经 51 岁了， 说明它是51年前创造的。应选B。12.主旨大意题。根据“What information does a barcode contain”以及本段内容可知本段主要介绍 了条形码用来做什么。应选A。13.细节理解题。根据“Its invention allowed companies to control the stock （库存）better and easier” 可知条形码的创造能够帮助公司更好更容易地管理他们的库存。应选Co推理判断题。根据"They can tell consumers if a product contains allergens （过敏原）or if it is organic”可知二维码能告诉顾客一个产品里是否含有过敏原或者它是否是有机的，所以二维 码对消费者更加友好。应选D。14.推理判 断题。根据"Barcode （条形码）technology makes it faster and easier to buy things in stores”可知条形码让买东西变得更快更容易，所以作者认为条形码非常的方便。应选C。15. DDBA16. C【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了作者一家和六只小鸡的故事，这些小鸡给作者一家带来了快乐，并且教会 他们接受无法改变的处境，并在可以改变的地方找到快乐。16.细节理解题o 根据“our nine-year-old daughter, Sophie, hasn't let them out of her sight”可知作 者的女儿不让这些小鸡离开她的视线，所以她整天和它们待在一起。应选D。17.推理判断题。根据"she wanted to take Captain Flint to the river”以及"and the two floated （漂流） down the river."可知Sophie带着这只小鸡去河边，和它一起玩，一起开心地漂流°应选 Do词义猜想题。根据“The neighbors were hilarious and they laughed”可知邻居们很搞笑，所以 他们笑了，故此处划线局部意为“搞笑的”。应选B。答案第14页，共8页18.细节理解题。根据“That is, if Sophie immediately cleans up after the visit”可知如果 Sophie 同 意清扫卫生，她可以把小鸡带进屋子里。应选A。19.推理判断题。根据“In a few short months, they have taught us to accept what we can't change and find joy where we can”以及作者的经历可知，我们要努力寻找生活中的快乐。应选C。20. AACA【解析】【导语】本文讲述了几个国家的餐桌礼仪。21.细节理解题。根据"When you go to these countries, armed with this knowledge. Then your trip will be full of delicious food and good table manners!”可知当你在一个新的国家旅行时，了 解 这个国家的餐桌礼仪将有助于你享受国际美食。应选A。22.细节理解题。根据“You should order your own main dish, as it's considered impolite to share one dish”可知在法国提供一道菜被认为是不礼貌的。应选Ao23.细节理解题。根据“If you're with a group, the older women usually order dishes for the table.“可 知在泰国，要由年长的妇女来决定一起吃什么菜，应选C。24.最正确标题题。根据“Let、look at common restaurant customs in the following ”可知本文讲述了 几个国家的餐桌礼仪，所以A选项最合适，应选A。25. BACA【解析】【导语】本文介绍了爱丁堡舞蹈俱乐部的相关信息，包括活动时间和票价等。25. 答案第15页，共8页 细节理解题。根据“The Edinburgh Dance Club is held every Tuesday night”可知，舞蹈之夜 是在每周二。应选B。26.细节理解题。根据"The bands have a caller who will teach the dances, so the event is great for everyone from complete beginners to experienced Scottish dancers.”可知，初学者也能享受苏格 兰舞蹈之夜，因为会有人教跳舞。应选A。27.推理判断题。根据“Tickets: £ 6 (online) £ 7 (at the door if there are any left)”可知，网上购票 6英镑一张，现场购票7英镑一张，因此3张网购票和2张现场票一共32英镑(6x3+7x2=32 )o 应选 C。28.细节理解题。根据“Free Wi-Fi and snacks are provided.”可知，一张票包含免费网络和小吃。 应选Ao29. C30. A31. C32. B33. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了 Jake和家人去滑雪，因丧失一块滑雪板而和父母走散，但 他最终凭借自己的智慧走出大山，和家人团聚的故事。29.细节理解题。根据第一段"When they got to the foot of the mountain, there was no sign of Jake.” 可知，当他们走到山脚下时，没有杰克的踪影。可见，当他的父母到达山脚下时，发现 Jake丧失了。应选C。30.推理判断题。根据第一段“Teenager Jake Deham was skiing with his family in the USA”可知， Jake和家人一起去滑雪；第一段“he fell over and lost one of his skis”他摔倒了，丢了 一块滑 雪板；第三段“He made a hole”他挖了一个洞；第四段“He walked and walked and finally he saw lights."他走啊走，终于看到了亮光。结合选项可知，事情发生的顺序应是d-b-a-c。故 选Ao31. 细节理解题。根据“So I got up and I found some ski tracks and I followed those."可知，我就站答案第16页，共8页起来，发现了一些滑雪道，我就沿着它们走。应选C。32.推理判断题。根据第三段“But Jake kept calm.”可知，Jake是沉着冷静的。根据“He made a hole and pointed it up the hill so the wind couldn't blow into it. Outside his hole, the temperature fell to a dangerous-15 that night, but inside it Jake was safe from the cold."可知，Jake 能想出 解决问题的方法，说明他是聪明的。应选B。33.最正确标题题。通读全文可知，主要讲述了 Jake和家人去滑雪，因丧失一块滑雪板而和父母 走散，但他最终凭借自己的智慧走出大山，和家人团聚，平安回家的故事。应选C。34. BCAA35. C【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了生存在北极的生命，并提到北极面临着被破坏，动物濒临灭绝额的危险。36.细节理解题。根据第一段“including Russia, Canada, and the US”及第三段的“Taiyuan in Shanxi, China”可知，文中没有提到日本。应选B。37.细节理解题。根据"many"及后文“There are whales, Arctic foxes and many more. The polar bears is the most famous Arctic animal.”可知北极有很多不同种类的动物。应选Co细节理解题。根据第三段“They make living by fishing, hunting and so on.”可知他们靠捕鱼、 狩猎等为生。应选A。38.细节理解题。根据第二段“The polar bear is the most famous Arctic animal.”可矢口北极熊是北极 地区最有名的动物。应选A。39. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“The Arctic lands have many various lives.",第三段"there are about4 million people living there.''及最后一段“Many animals, such as polar bears.”可知，这篇文章 主要表述了生存在北极的生命。应选C。40. B答案第17页，共8页DB41. DA【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了 Peddie高中举办的科学博览会的情况，并且老师宣布了前三名获奖人员以 及他们的作品。42. 细节理解题。根据“The students set up their exhibits in the library”可知博览会在图书馆举行。应选Bo推理判断题。根据"The students all cheered after hearing Mr. Morrison make that remark."可知 学生听到Morrison先生的评论之后都欢呼了起来，说明学生很兴奋。应选D。43. 细节理解题。根据"So lefs congratulate Sarah Rafael and Celine Rafael on their project on environment-friendly plastic material.”可知她们的工程和环保塑料材料有关。应选B。44. 细节理解题。根据“The first-place winner's work is really helpful to the disabled. In fact, Tve never seen a better robot. So lefs congratulate Molly Smith”可知第一名是 Molly Smitho 应选Do推理判断题。根据"The first-place winner's work is really helpful to the disabled”可知 Molly 设 计的产品对残疾人有帮助，说明她非常的有爱心。应选A。45. BCDA46. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了狗可以作为治疗犬帮助学生放松、缓解压力，同时这种治疗也 有助于狗本身。47. 答案第18页，共8页 段落大 意题。 根据“they can be more than just a pet as some dogs are excellent working dogs too.We know about the amazing help guide dogs give to blind people. . a new role has been found for the animals可知，第一段介绍了狗是人类最好的朋友，它们不仅仅是宠物，也可以是优秀的工作狗，如作为导盲犬为盲人提供服务，最近它们又有了新角色。由此可见第 一段主要介绍了狗的不同角色。应选B。48. 细节理解题。根据“According to Patricia Pendry from the university, a study of 300 students has found that weekly hour-long periods with dogs . feel relaxed and accepted.”可矢I,研究说明， 学生们每周花一个小时和狗待在一起可以防止压力过大。应选Co词 义猜想题。 根据“Another piece of research has also shown that touching animals can help make people less stressed, so it makes sense to introduce them into an environment where people are feeling stressed out可知，触摸动物可以帮助人们减轻压力，因此把它们引入人们感到 压力的环境中是有意义的；再根据"And by now, around 1,000 schools in the US have already used therapy pets.”可知，到现在，美国已经有大约1000所学校使用了治疗宠物。由此可 知，“蛔1”在此指therapy pets“治疗宠物: 应选D。49. 推理判断题。根据“In Wales, Swansea University Students9 Union has used dogs.可知，第四 段用威尔士的例子来说明，狗可以帮助学生在考试间隙放松，而且被虐待和遗弃的狗也被 用来与人交流。由此可知，狗帮助治疗学生的心理压力的同时也帮助了狗自己。应选A。 48.最正确标题题。通读全文可知，文章首先介绍了狗的不同角色，然后突出介绍狗作为治疗犬 可以帮助学生放松、缓解压力，同时这种治疗也有助于狗本身。所以B项“狗帮助学生解 压”是文章最正确标题。应选B。答案第19页，共8页3. The third paragraph is mainly about the crew's.A. planB. lifeC. space walkD. workWhat can we know about Tiangong Space Station?A. The crew have entered Tiangong twice. B. The construction of Tiangong will be finished in 6 months. C. The size of Tiangong will be 25% of ISS in 2024. D. Tiangong will welcome foreign astronauts in the future.4. . The passage is written mainly to.A. show China's achievements in space field B. introduce the missions of Shenzhou-13C. explain the success of launching Shenzhou-13 D. describe the importance of Tiangongs Space Station（2022- ill 东济南二模）Can plants talk? Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each other.It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant gets attacked by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: "I'm being attacked! When another plant gets the chemicals, it starts to give out its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract the wasps （黄蜂； 蜜蜂）！ The wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow more crops.More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can't hear these sounds; but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Corn and chili plants do this. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water.Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood