话题011现代科技-2021年高考英语阅读理解考前预测60篇.docx

i4铸制后引片导，世你心4习上本超军!话题11现代科技PassagelAIAI (ISSN 2673-2688) is an international peer-reviewed open access journal devoted entirely to Artificial Intelligence (AI), including broad aspects of cognition and reasoning, perception and planning, machine learning, intelligent robotics, applications of AI, etc, published quarterly online by MDPI. Open Access- free to download, share, and reuse content. Authors receive recognition for their contribution when the paper is reused. Rapid Publication: manuscripts (稿子)are peer-reviewed and a first decision provided to authors approximately17. 4 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 4.7 days.ArtsArts (ISSN 2076-0752) is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal published quarterly online by MDPI in March, June, September and December. Open Access- free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions. Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer reviewed and a first decision provided to authors approximately 22.6 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 5.9 days.BiologyBiology (ISSN 2079-7737; CODEN: BBSTBX) is an international peer-reviewed open access journal of biological sciences published monthly online by MDPI. Open Access- free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions. Rapid Publication; manuscripts are peer -reviewed and a first decision provided to authors approximately 17.4 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.8 days.Impact Factor: 3.796 (2020)EnergiesEnergies (ISN 1996-1073; CODEN: ENERGA) is a peer-reviewed open access journal of related4铸刁A引片导，世你心4习上本超军!学科网播品频道全力推荐化都排在前列，但事实上，所有这些特征都可以在动物王国的其他地方找到，并以海豚为例，说明 了海豚文化和海豚的心智技能。12 .细节理解题。根据第一段"Humans and apes are close relatives, so it is perhaps not surprising that chimpanzees use tools or that gorillas （大猩猩）have a sense of fair play, even rejecting carrots （which they normally accept） when they see their neighbors getting grapes.”（人类和猿类是近亲，所以黑猩猩会使用 工具或者大猩猩有公平竞争的意识也就缺乏为奇了，当它们看到自己的邻居拿葡萄时，它们甚至会 拒绝胡萝卜（它们通常会接受）可知大猩猩拒绝胡萝卜的例子说明它们有平等意识。应选D。13 .细节理解题。根据第二段“Among the invertebrates, octopuses （八爪鱼）are known for their intelligence, even exhibiting evidence of playfulness, tool use, and personality. But these skilled predators live alone and consequently lack culture. Dolphins, on the other hand, are large-brained, long-living, social- group-based predators, and it is here that we find the greatest similarity to human-like culture and awareness."（在无脊椎动物中，章鱼以它们的智力而闻名，甚至显示出顽皮、使用工具和个性的证 据。但这些熟练的捕食者单独生活，因此缺乏文化。另一方面，海豚是脑容量大、寿命长、以社 会群体为基础的掠食者，正是在这里，我们发现了它们与类人文化和意识的最大相似之处）可知和 海豚相比，章鱼缺少社会互动。应选A。14 .细节理解题。根据第三段“Many animals have culture in this sense, but what sets dolphins apart is what they pass on. Some bottlenose dolphins hold sponges in their mouths that they use as tools to sweep for fish hiding on the ocean floor. This ability is handed down through generations （especially in females）, with some families- grandmother, mother, and daughter - all feeding in this highly specialized way.“（从这 个意义上说，许多动物都有文化，但让海豚与众不同的是它们传承的文化。一些宽吻海豚嘴里衔着 海绵，它们用海绵作为工具来清扫躲藏在海底的鱼类。这种能力代代相传（尤其是雌性），一些家庭 祖母、母亲和女儿都以这种高度专门化的方式喂养）可知让海豚文化如此特别的是它们的 狩猎技巧代代相传。应选B。15 .推理判断题。根据最后一段"Dolphins not only recognize themselves, but if a black mark is put on the body of a dolphin, it will spend extra time at the mirror to look at the mark.”（海豚不仅能认出 自己，而且 如果海豚身上有一个黑色的标记，它会花额外的时间在镜子前看这个标记）可推知海豚识别自己倒 影的能力是一种更高阶的心智技能。应选Do. B17. C18. D19. D4铸刁A引片导，世你心4习上本超军!学科网播品频道全力推荐【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了 2020年12月17日，中国航天器嫦娥五号返回地球， 带回了自20世纪70年代以来在地球上从未见过的东西月球岩石样本。文章介绍了月球岩石样 品的意义以及嫦娥工程的一些目标和计划。16 .主旨大意题。根据第二段“The returned lunar samples will "absolutely add new knowledge of the history of the moon, particularly its volcanoes J says Xiao Long, a planetary scientist at China University of Geosciences. The rocks sent back by Chang'e-5 "will ask us to rethink about why and how the moon's volcanic history lasted this long J he says.（中国地质大学的行星科学家肖龙表示，返回的月球样本“绝对 会增加关于月球历史，特别是其火山的新知识嫦娥五号发回的岩石“将让我们重新思考月球的火 山历史为何以及如何持续了这么长时间，"他说）”可知，第二段主要讲了月球岩石样品的意义。应选 Bo.细节理解题。根据第一段的“This precious cargo, collected by Chang'e-5's robotic research vehicle in the northwest region of the lunar near side, is now being studied by scientists in Beijing." （这批珍贵的货 物是由嫦娥五号的机器人研究车在月球西北部附近提供的，目前北京的科学家正在对其进行研究。） 和第四段中“In the near future, an identical spacecraft called Chang'e-6 will attempt a sample-return mission from the moon's south polean area of intense scientific interest-given the large amount of water ice present.（在不久的将来，一艘名为“嫦娥六号”的相同航天器将尝试从月球南极进行采样返回任务 月球南极是一个让人们有着浓厚科学兴趣的区域因为那里存在大量的水冰厂可知，嫦娥六 号和嫦娥五号的任务不同在于探索的位置不同。应选C。17 .细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The more advanced Chang,e-7 and Chang9e-8 spacecraft are also planned to land near the south pole to carry out analysis of the region and test new technologies, including detecting and obtaining materials that could be useful to future human explorers, such as water and hydrogen, and testing 3D printing on the lunar surface.便先进的嫦娥七号和嫦娥八号航天器也计划在 南极附近着陆，对该地区进行分析并测试新技术，包括探测和获取可能对未来人类探索者有用的材 料，如水和氢，并测试月球外表的3D打印）”可知，“嫦娥七号”和“嫦娥八号”的空间任务主要是寻找 和测试支持在月球上生活的资源和方法。应选D。18 .推理判断题。根据最后一段“The long-term aim of the Chang's program is to establish an International Lunar Research Station around 2030 to support robotic and, eventually, crewed missions.（嫦娥计划的长期 目标是在2030年左右建立一个国际月球研究站，以支持机器人和最终载人任务广结合上文提到的嫦 娥五号、六号以及七八号的任务可推知，嫦娥计划一系列越来越具有挑战性的月球科学探索。应选Dor I4铸制后引片导，世你心4习上本超军!4铸制后引片导，世你心4习上本超军!I学科同精品频道全力推荐卜scientific research, technology development, engineering, and the studies in policy and management and is published semimonthly online by MDPLOpen Access-free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or theirinstitutions.Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer reviewed and a first decision provided to authors approximately 16.5 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 3.5 days.Impact Factor: 2.702 (2020)What are AI, Arts, Biology and Energies?A. They are quarterly publications.B.They are free online books.D.C , They are online journals.They are traditional magazines.1. What is special about AI?A. Taking the longest time to be accepted.B.Asking for no article processing charges.C.Having all its articles peer-reviewed.D.Requiring no charges to read online.3.Which of the following indicate their influence?A.Energies and Biology.B.Biology and AI.C.Arts and Energies . D. Arts and ALToday we know Antarctica as an extreme environment containing ice and snow. But new research provides evidence that the area had a rainforest in the past.The researchers collected a piece of Earth sediment from under the seafloor off the coast of Antarctica. In the sediment, they discovered forest material that was estimated to be about 90 million years old. This would have been in the Cretaceous Period, when dinosaurs were the main land animals. The sediment was removed by scientists on the research icebreaker RV Polarstem in the Amundsen Sea near Pine IslandGlacier.Johann Klages is a geologist with the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research in Germany. He was the lead writer of a study on the findings, published in the journal Nature. He said the sediment was collected from a depth of about 30 meters below the ocean floor. Klages said an examination showed that the material didn't form in the ocean.The researchers estimate that the area about 900 kilometers from the South Pole had average4铸制后引片导，世你心4习上本超军!学科网播品频道全力推荐yearly temperatures of about 12 to 13 degrees Celsius. During the warmest summer months, average temperatures likely reached between 20 and 25 degrees Celsius. The soil included fine dirt particles and hard clay, as well as substances linked to at least 65 different kinds of plants, the study found. Klages added that the plants included trees, ferns and flowering plants. While no animal remains were found, Klages said there were likely dinosaurs, flying reptiles and many insects in the environment.The research represents new evidence of the major climate changes Earth has experienced in the past 一 and is currently undergoing today. The soil in the sediment dates back to the planet's warmest period of the past 140 million years, with sea level about 170 meters higher than today. The researchers said that the rainforest environment in Antarctica was especially surprising because each year, the area experiences a four-month polar night when there is no sunlight to fuel plant life. Klages said no ice sheets were present during the time, but seasonal snowfall was likely.4. How did the researchers reach their findings?A. By exploring ice in Antarctica.B. By analyzing the Earth sediment.C. By collecting data on climate.D. By researching special plants.5 . What did the researchers say about the sediment?A. Its material developed in the ocean.B , It dates back to cold times in Antarctica.C. Its material formed on the land.D. It contained different animal remains.6 . What does the author indicate in the last paragraph?A. Antarctica's natural environment has changed greatly.B Polar nights in Antarctica are getting shorter than before.C. There were ice sheets 140 million years ago.D. Seasonal snowfall made the forest disappear. 7. What is the main idea of the text?A. Researchers study the secrets of Antarctica. B , Antarctica had a different history of climate.C. There9s various wildlife in Antarctica.4铸制后引片导，世你心4习上本超军!Antarctica has an extreme environment containing ice and snow.Passa?e3Since time immemorial, people have been searching for the fountain of youth. Surprisingly, the dream of human immortality is, according to some scientists, not so far out of reach.Professor Brian Cox, Google's Ray Kurzweil, and Tesla head Elon Musk all agree on not only the possibility of human immortality but also that it is not too far away. The solution, they say, is something called the "technological singularity”.The singularity is a combination of humankind with computers, namely uploading the contents of one's brain onto a hard drive. In that way, a person*s consciousness can stay alive after a physical body gets worse. This is based on the idea that a human brain is simply a machine, and there is, according to Professor Cox, “no reason at all why we cannot simulate （模拟）human intelligence J using a computer.Although Professor Cox did not say when the singularity would occur, Google*s Ray Kurzweil predicts that the singularity will happen as early as 2045. By 2100, he says, human body parts will be replaceable by machine parts. Further, by uploading our brains onto a computer, we will be able to toy with it, and become “able to expand the scope of our intelligence a billion fold.Elon Musk agreed with the asessments of the other scientists, even going so far as saying that the chances that we are not in a computer simulation right now are “one in billions.Google is preparing for a future where you can download personalities onto robots. For example, you might be able to download onto your robot a celebrity personality, or of the personality of your deceased grandmother.The search engine giant filed a patent for this download process recently. So they definitely believe that the singularity is just around the corner. All you have to do is hold on until 2045, and soon you can effectively live in the cloud.8. What does the underlined word “immortality" in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Living forever.B. Rebirth after death.C. Being perfect.D. Continuous improvement.9. How did the writer illustrate the idea of human immortality in the text?A. By giving examples.C. By logically reasoning.B By presenting quotations.D. By making a description.r I4铸制后引片导，世你心4习上本超军!Which of the following can Elon Musk most probably agree with?A. Computers are much smarter than humankind.B. Computers can never surpass humankind at all.C Computers and humankind are quite different.D. Computers can be another version of humankind.10. How can humankind improve by 2100 according to the text?A. Physically and intelligently.B. Individually and corporately.C. Psychologically and spiritually. D. Emotionally and materially.Passage4What makes people so special? Tool use, self-consciousness, language, and culture are high on the list, but in fact all of these characteristics can be found elsewhere in the animal kingdom. Humans and apes are close relatives, so it is perhaps not surprising that chimpanzees use tools or that gorillas (大猩猩)have a sense of fair play, even rejecting carrots (which they normally accept) when they see their neighbors getting grapes. But the qualities that we often think of as uniquely human exist not just on land, but in the ocean as well.Among the invertebrates, octopuses (八爪鱼)are known for their intelligence, even exhibiting evidence of playfulness, tool use, and personality. But these skilled predators live alone and consequently lack culture. Dolphins, on the other hand, are large-brained, long-living, social- group-based predators, and it is here that we find the greatest similarity to human-like culture and awareness.Culture depends on the ability of animals to pass on things they have learned to others. Many animals have culture in this sense, but what sets dolphins apart is what they pass on. Some bottlenose dolphins hold sponges in their mouths that they use as tools to sweep for fish hiding on the ocean floor. This ability is handed down through generations (especially in females), with some families- grandmother, mother, and daughter - all feeding in this highly specialized way.Another characteristic that dolphins share with humans is their ability to recognize themselves in a mirror. When facing a mirror, most animals behave as though they are interacting with another individual. Even in humans, the ability to recognize that the image in a mirror is oneself does not occur before the age of 18 months. Dolphins not only recognize themselves, but if a black mark is put on the body of a dolphin, it will spend extra time at the mirror to look at the mark. i4铸制后引片导，世你心4习上本超军!The example of gorillas rejecting carrots shows they.A. are not easy to foolprefer fruit to vegetablesC have a special taste for foodD. have an awareness of equality11. What do octopuses lack compared with dolphins?A. Social interaction.B. Intelligence.C. Tool using ability.D. Fun-loving spirits.12. What makes dolphin culture special?A. They tend to hunt in groups.B. Their hunting skills are passed down.C. Their learning environment is favourable.D. Their families are typically female-controlled.13. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Dolphins enjoy looking at their own reflection in the mirror.B. Dolphins are