小升初英语知识点归纳总结(共15页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上小学英语知识点汇总  一、名词复数规则1.一般情况下，直接加-s，如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如:knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese写出下列各词的复数I _him _this _her _watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _peach_ sandwich _dish_bus_man_ woman_二、一般现在时1.一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作，也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。2.一般现在时中，没有be动词和情态动词，主语为第三人称单数的肯定句，动词要按规则加上s，主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句，动词用原形。3.在一般现在时中，句中有be动词或情态动词时，否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not，一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。 4.在一般现在时中，句中没有be动词或情态动词时，主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not (doesnt)，一般疑问句在句首加does，句子中原有动词用原形;主语为非第三人称单数，否定句用do+not (dont)，一般疑问句在句首加do，句子中动词用原形。动词+s的变化规则1.一般情况下，直接加-s， 如:cook-cooks, milk-milks2 .以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es， 如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es， 如:study-studies 一般现在时基本用法介绍【No. 1】一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1. be动词:主语 be(am,is,are) 其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词:主语 行为动词( 其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。 如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。【No. 2】一般现在时的变化1. be动词的变化。否定句:主语 be not 其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句:Be 主语 其它。如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.特殊疑问句:疑问词 一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?2.行为动词的变化。否定句:主语 don't( doesn't ) 动词原形( 其它)。如:I don't like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如:He doesn't often play.一般疑问句:Do( Does ) 主语 动词原形 其它。如: - Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如: - Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.动词 s的变化规则1.一般情况下，直接加-s，如:cook-cooks, milk-milks2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es， 如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3.以“辅音字母 y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如:study-studies用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _(like) cooking.12. They _(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always _(do) your homework well.15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE.18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term.20. -What day _(be) it today? - Its Saturday三、现在进行时1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为: 疑问词+ be+主语+ 动词ing?动词加ing的变化规则1.一般情况下，直接加ing，如:cook-cooking2.以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如:make-making, taste-tasting3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如:run-running, stop-stopping写出下列动词的现在分词:play_ run_ swim _make_go_ like_ write_ _ski_read_ have_ sing _ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_live_ take_ come _ get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .四、将来时理论及练习一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。二、基本结构:be going to do;will do.三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。例如:Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、同义句:be going to = will1.be going to 表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。2.肯定句:be going to +动词原形， 如:Jim is going to play football. 否定句:be not going to +动词原形，如:Jim is not going to play football. 一般疑问句:把be动词调到句首，如:Is Jim going to play football? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形?如:What is Jim going to do? 疑问词当主语时:疑问词+be+going to+动词原形? 如:Who is going to play football?I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.练习:填空。1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.2.我们将要学习英语We _ _ _ learn English.We _ learn English.五、一般过去时1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasnt)are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=werent)带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句:didnt +动词原形，如:Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑问句:在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。 如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday? 疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Who went to home yesterday?动词过去式变化规则:1.一般在动词末尾加-ed，如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked2.结尾是e加d，如:taste-tasted3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，（辅+元+辅）如:stop-stopped4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如:study-studied5.不规则动词过去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat过去时练习写出下列动词的过去式isam_ plant_ are _drink_ play_ go_ make _does_ dance_ worry_ ask _taste_ eat_ put _kick_ pass_ do _Be动词的过去时练习(1)Name _ No. _ Date _用be动词的适当形式填空1. I _ at school just now.2. He _ at the camp last week.3. We _ students two years ago.4. They _ on the farm a moment ago.5. Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year.6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday.7. There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8. The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening.用be动词的适当形式填空1. I _ an English teacher now.2. She _ happy yesterday.3. They _ glad to see each other last month. 行为动词的过去时练习(2)用be动词的适当形式填空1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly. (二)小升初英语词类:动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法:先用“一(量词)”(如:一个、一张等)和这个词连起来说，如说得通，一般认为是名词;说不通再用“很”去判断，就是把“很”和为个词连起来说，说得通一般就是形容词;都说不通就是动词。(目前我们学过的，以后可能不同)(另外一些很明显的，如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道)1、动词这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称，其中包括行为动词(就是我们平时总说的那种动词)、be动词、情态动词。(1)行为动词就是我们平时上课时说的动词，表示某一动作或行为。如:sweep、live等。行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式:原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing，具体判断方法如下:有，就加ing读句子读该单词认识该单词理解意思看有无be动词(若是be going to 就用原形)没有，再看情态动词有，就用原形有，就加ed没有，再看有无表示过去的时间状语是第三人称单数就加s或es没有，再看主语不是第三人称单数就用原形(2)be动词a、Am-was Is -was Are-were 口诀:我用am, 你用are, is用他她它，所有复数全用are。b、肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher.She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.c、一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they arent. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.我们现在学过的be动词大致分两类:is、am、are为一类，一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中，was和were为另一类，一般用于一般过去时。判断步骤:第一、三人称单数，就用was有，再看人称第二人称单数和所有复数，就用were看有无表示过去的时间状语第一人称单数，就用am没有，再看人称第三人称单数，就有is第二人称单数和所有复数，就用are用am, is, are 填空1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not.2. The girl_ Jack's sister.3. The dog _ tall and fat.4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher.5. _ your brother in the classroom?6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home.7. How _ your father?8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school.9. Whose dress _ this?10. Whose socks _ they?(3)情态动词情态动词也是一类特殊的动词，平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。我们现在学过的情态动词有:can、must、should、would、may。接触最多的是can。情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)2、名词表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。判断的关键词往往是be动词，be动词如果是am、is或was，名词就用原形;be动词如果是are或were，名词就加s或es。这里强调两点:不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was;最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断，以免受误导。如何加后缀:a.一般情况下，直接加-s，如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-bedsb.以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watchesc.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries d.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如:knife-knivese.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese判断步骤:如是am、is或was原形 读句子读该单词认识该单词理解意思看be动词如是are或were加s或es3、形容词(包括副词)形容词表示某一事物或的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。 形容词和副词只有两种形式:原形和+er。未作比较的情况下就用原形，比较时就+er。两个重要特征:asas中间一定用原形，有than的时候一定+er。4、人称代词和物主代词 主格youIhesheitwethey宾格       形容词性物主代词       名词性物主代词       第一人称 I me we us my mine our ours第二人称 you you you you your yours your yours第三人称 he him they them his his their theirs she her her her sit it its its人称代词:有主格和宾格之分。一般动词前用主格，动词后用宾格。物主代词:有两类:形容词性物主代词(短的)和名词性物主代词(长的)一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词(短的);如无，就用名词性物主代词(长的)。用所给词的适当形式填空1. That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I )2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she )3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I )4. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he )5、数量词我们学过两类:基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。6、冠词有a、an、the。a和an有具体的意思，一(个)，the没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那。确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。a和an的区别:an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前，a用于辅音音素前。专心-专注-专业