2022年中考英语词类知识点整理.docx
中考英语词类知识点整顿一.冠词：冠词用在名词的前面,有定冠词“the”与不定冠词“a； an”之分。定冠词表达“确指”，译作“这(那)个"；不定冠词表达“泛 指”，译作“一种”。例题解析：()lady over there is university teacher.A) A, the B) The, an C) The, a D) The, the“over there”意为“那边时'，是后置定语，它表达前面名词“lady”(女士)是“确指”日勺说法，因此要加上定冠词“the”。后半 句意为“一位大学教师”，是泛指的说法，因此要加上不定冠词匕”或“an”。由于“university的读音起始于辅音“j”，因此要加定 冠词七”。因此此题答案应中选“C”。()He prefers playing piano to playing hockey.A) the, the B) the, / C) /, / D) /, the“piano”意为“钢琴”，属于乐器，规定前面加定冠词“the”。后半句中“hockey”意为“曲棍球”，属于球类活动，规定不加任何 冠词。因此此题答案应中选“B”。()Mr. Black was made manager of our company.A) / B) a C) an D) the“manager”表达被选、J职位，前面不应加任何冠词。因此此题答案应中选“A”。此外，冠词尚有许多特殊日勺用法：1 .由一般名词构成的J专有名词前，要加定冠词，如：the Great Wall (长城)2 .在拼音名词前,一般不加任何冠词，如：Thomas Green； Changfeng Park3 .在江、河、湖、海前,虽然是拼音名词，也要加定冠词“the”，如：the Dongting Lake4 . 一般用“单数名词加才；复数名词不加the”'来表达“泛指”的意思。习题训练：Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表达，填入空格内):()1. There is"u” in word "uniform.n.A) an, a B) an, the C) a, a D) a, the()2.sign here stands for mistake.A) A, a B) A, the C) The, a D) The, the()3. We made Joyce monitor her experience.A) a, because B) the, because C) /, because of D) the , because of()4.Two months ago Mr. Green wrote article on Shanghai International Art Festival.A) the B) an C) a D) /()5. Q: Is Mr. White teacher of your school? A: Yes.teacher is from Australia.A) a, A B) a, The C) the, The D) the, A()6. Paul is European student. He likes to study history of China.A) a, the B) a, / C) an, the D) an, /()7. This is honey. As we all know,honey is sweet.A) /, the B) /, / C) the, / D) the, the()8. They didn't catch the last train because of.A) some heavy trafficsB) any heavy trafficC) heavy trafficD) a heavy traffic()9. It won't take long, it's only walk.A) ten-minutes B) ten minutes' C) ten minutes D) ten-minute's二.名词：名词表达人或物体的I名称，有一般名词(park)、专有名词(Peter； Party)集合名词(family,class,police)、缩写名词(SARS, CEO, WTO)等。总体上说，它们可以提成两大类；即可数名词和不可数名词。要注意它们在句中的不同规定和变化。例题解析：()His grandfather is.A) Robert Bob B) Tom Black C) Kate White D) Black Green英语中，人的J姓名排列是倒过来时；先是名，即“first name"，后为姓，即“second name”，也可叫做“family name”或 “surname”。做此类题目，必须先弄清晰哪个单词是表达名字，哪个单词是表达姓氏，名字还要分清男女性别。这道题中说 时是“爷爷”，是男名，因此此题答案应中选“B”。()are playing tennis in the playground.A) The Browns B) The Brown's C) Browns D) Brown's英语中，姓氏前加定冠词“the”，反面加“s”，有“一家人”之意。因此此题答案应中选“A”。()Be careful. There is a hole in the ground.A) two-foot-deep B) two-feet-deep C) two-foot deep D) two-feet deep这道题目考的是复合形容词。在复合形容词中日勺名词应当用单数形式，在整个复合形容词中日勺各个单词都要用短横“-”来 连接。由于它被看作为一种一般的形容词，因此，在可数名词前还要再加上冠词。此句中，“一种两英尺深的洞”应译为匕 two-foot-deep hole”，因此此题答案应中选“A”。()He's got bad toothache. He'd better go to.A) dentist B) the dentist C) the dentists D) see the dentists“去看牙科医生”可译为“go to see the dentist”或“go to the dentist's"。后一种词语中的 “the dentist's”表达"the dentists clinic”。因此此题答案应中选“C”。()The teachers wondered if the students were in trouble.A) woman, boy B) woman, boys C) women, boy D) women, boys英语中，“女教师们”应当译为“women teachers”，而“男学生们”应当译为“boy students”。因此此题答案应中选“C”。()came that Houston Rocket won again and Yao Ming got the most scores.A) A news B) Message C) Word D) Words“据说”在英语中有多种说法："It was said that"、“Word came that"、“News came that"、“A message came that”等。因此此题答案应中选“C”。()All of a sudden, something on the ground caught.A) his eye B) his eyes C) his own eyes D) eyes of his own “catch one's eye”是固定词组,意为“引起某人注意”;即“be noticed by sb."。此句中，“eye”是“视线”之意,由“eyesight”演变而来。随着语言的开展，某些词语会产生演变，大体上都是朝“简朴化”方向开展，如：“countryside”一"country”、 “mankind”一“man”、“campsite”一“camp”、“in the daytime”一“in the day”等。因此此题答案应中选“A”。()The lady with long found her husband had already got three gray.A) hair, hair B) hair, hairs C) hairs, hair D) hairs, hair要掌握英语中哪些是可数名词，哪些是不可数名词。但是有些名词具有可数和不可数两种性质，要靠具体说法来鉴别。如 这道题中BThaid (头发)就是此类词。前半句说日勺是“一头长发”，是不可数名词；后半句说区(是“三根白发”，是可数名词。 因此此题答案应中选“B”。习题训练：Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的I答案，用A、B、C或D表达，填入空格内)：()1. He has got to tell you.A) a good news B) some news C) a lot news D) many news()2. Ifs seven o'clock.are sitting at table.A) Mr. Greens B) The Green's C) The Greens D) Greens()3. Your brother is the same mine.A) old as B) age as C) old like D) age like()4. Our bodies need food to give us.A) health B) strong C) energy D) taste()5. A lemon is the same as a banana.A) yellow B) colour C) fresh D) sweet()6. What kind of do you like best?A) watermelon B) the watermelon C) a watermelon D) watermelons()7. Look at this magazine. Let's do the about eating habits.A) quiz B) list C) cooking D) dinner三.代词：代词是名词日勺代用词，有批示代词(this, those).人称代词主宾格(I, me)、形容词性物主代词(my)、名词性物主代词(mine)、反身代词(myself)、不定代词(either, others, anything, nobody)o其中,不定代词的J变化最复杂。在不同的句子中, 它们的变化和规定都不同样，这一点我们一定要有充足日勺结识，不能掉以轻心。例题解析：()Would you please give?A) him it B) it him C) to him it D) it to him英语中，当直接宾语(人)与间接宾语(物)都用人称代词时，一定要先讲间接宾语(物)后讲直接宾语(人)，并且要 在直接宾语(人)前加上介词“to”。因此此题答案应中选“D”。()She always thinks of more than.A) others, her B) the others, she C) others, herself D) the others, herself在英语中，“别人”属于“泛指”，应译为“others”。后半句是介词“of的宾语。由于这里时她"与主语日勺“她”是属于同一种人， 因此不能用人称代词宾格作宾语，要用反身代词作宾语才对。因此此题答案应中选“C”。()Some people like watching the sports news,prefer TV series.A) the others B) the other C) others D) another在英语中，“某些，另某些”有两种译法：“Some，the others 是属于“非此即彼”的两局部状况，而“Some, others”是指有第三局部区I状况存在。此题意为“一局部人喜欢看体育消息，而另一局部人比拟欣赏电视剧”，显然尚有其她 人喜欢其她的内容，因此此题答案应中选“C”。()The light in the room was too poor for to see it clearly.A) everyone B) someone C) anyone D) none英语中，"tooto”意为“太而不能”，具有否认H勺含义。因此，“for sb.”中应中选运用在否认句中RTanyone”才对。因 此此题答案应中选“C”。()the fuel here is from foreign countries, so we must make full use of it.A) Some B) Much C) The most of D) Most of带有定冠词“the”的名词前，应当用代词词组：“some of'(意为"其中某些”)、“much of'(意为"其中许多”)、“most of' (意为“其中大多数”)等。"themoseof'(意为"其中最多W、J”)在本句中的译法欠妥，因此此题答案应中选“D”。()Can you call on my mother on Saturday or Sunday? I'm afraid day is possible
