2022年中考英语简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题 .docx

精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_一、句子成份简洁句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_英语句子成分有主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语等.次序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要依据情形而定.1、主语： 表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般位于句首.但在therebe 结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面.主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示.例如：Country musichas become more and more popular.（名词）Weoften speak English in class.（代词）One-thirdof the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The richshould help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English testhas not been decided.（主语从句）Itis necessaryto master a foreign language. （ it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式）2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特点.可以有不同的时态,语态和语气.1) 简洁谓语：We studyfor the people.2) 复合谓语：Ican speaka littleEnglish. Weare readingbooks. Hehas goneto Beijing.3、表语 :它位于系动词 比如 be 之后,说明主语身份,特点,属性或状态. My sister isa nurse .Is ityours .（代词）The weather has turnedcold . （形容词）The speech isexciting.（分词）Three times seven istwenty one .（数词） His job isto teach English. （不定式）His hobby（爱好） isplaying football. （动名词） The rulermust bein your box.（介词短语） Time isup. The class isover . （副词）The truth isthat he has never been abroad. （表语从句）4 、宾语 :宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,We likeEnglish.How many dictionaries do you have. I havefive . （数词）They helpedthe oldwith their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）It beganto rain. （不定式短语）I enjoylistening to popular music. （动名词短语）I think（ that ）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语.He gaveme some ink .有些及物动词的宾语后面仍需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语.如：We makehimour monitor 班长 .5、宾补 :就是宾语补足语,就是补充说明宾语的I see you crossing the street His father named himDongming. （名词）They painted（涂漆）their boatwhite . （形容词）Let the fresh（新奇的）airin . （副词）You mustnt force himto lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw herentering the room. （现在分词）We found everything in the labin good order. （介词短语）6、定语 :在句中修饰 名词或代词 的成分叫定语.He isa newstudent. 但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,就放在被修饰的词之后 . The bikein the room/over there/is mine.Guilin is abeautifulcity.（形容词）China is adeveloping （进展中） country; America is adeveloped （发达） country.（分词）There are thirtywomenteachers is our school.（名词）Hisprogress（进步） in English made us surprised.（代词）Our monitor（班长） is always the firstto enter the classroom. （不定式短语）He is reading an article文章 about how to learn English. （介词短语）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -7 、状语 :修饰动词, 形容词, 副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语. 状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾.副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首.He livesin London.Light travelsmost quickly. （副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the cityfor ten years. （介词短语）He is sorryto trouble麻烦 you . （不定式短语）He is in the roommaking a model plane.（分词短语） Once（一旦 0 you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：How about meeting againat six.（时间状语）Last night she didnt go to the dance partybecause of the rain. （缘由状语）I shall go thereif it doesnt rain. （条件状语）Mr Smith liveson the third floor. （的点状语）She put the eggs into the basketwith great care. （方式状语）She came inwith a dictionary in her hand. （相伴状语）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）He was so tiredthat he fell asleep immediately. （结果状语）She works very hardthough she is old. （让步状语）I am tallerthan he is. （比较状语）一、指出以下句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. His job is to train swimmers.5. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.6. His wish is to become a scientist.7. Hewants to finish the work in time.8. Tom came to ask me for advice（建议） .9. He found it important to master English.10. Do you have anything else to say.11. Would you please tell me your address.12. He sat there, reading a newspaper.13. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.14. He noticed（留意到）a man enter the room.15. The apples tasted sweet.简洁句的五种基本句型英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但认真观看不外乎五个基本句式.这五个基本句式可以演化出多种复杂的英语句子.换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的.这五个基本句式如下：S 十 V 主谓结构主语 不及物动词S 十 V 十 P 主系表结构主语 连系动词表语S 十 V 十 O主谓宾结构主语 及物动词宾语S 十 V 十 O1十 O2 主谓双宾结构S 十 V 十 O十 C 主谓宾补结构判定类型和句子成分：She came She likes English.She is happyThe teacher asked me to read the passage.She bought a book for me. She gave John a bookMy head aches.She makes her mother angryThe sun was shining.The moonrose. Theytalked for half an hour.他们谈了半个小时.The dinner smells good.午餐的气味很好.Everything looks different.一切看来都不同了. He is growing tall and strong.他长得又高又壮.His face turned red.他的脸红了. Whoknowsthe answer.谁知道答案？Heenjoys reading.他喜爱看书.Iwantto have a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶. Heboughtyoua dictionary. Sheorderedherselfa new dress.她给自己定了一套新衣裳.Shecookedher husbanda delicious meal.她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -Ishowedhimmy pictures.Igavemy cara wash.我洗了我的汽车.Heshowedmehow to run the machine.他教我开机器.Whatmakeshimthink so.他怎么会这样想？The children are playing happily.The Greens enjoy living in China. He became a famous doctor.他成为了一名闻名的医生.The apple pie tastes really delicious.苹果派吃起来真是好吃.基本句型一：S 十 V 主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词：appear,apologize,arrive,come, die,disappear,fall,happen, rise,1.同学们学习很努力. 基本句型二 :S 十 V 十 P 主系表结构 常见的系动词有：be 是 . get变得 , become成为 , turn变得 ,look看起来 , feel感到 , smell闻起来 , taste尝起来 , sound听起来 , seem好像 A. 表示状态的连系动词.这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain,等等.8) We should any time.我们在任何时候都应当保持寂静.9) 这种食物尝起来很糟糕. .B. 表示转变或结果的系动词.这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等.如：10) Spring comes. It is .春天到了,天气变得越来越温和.11) Don't have the food. .不要吃那种食物,它已经变质了.基本句型三 : S十 V 十 O主谓宾结构13我昨天看了一部电影. . 16） They have of the children这些孩子他们照看得很好.基本句型四 : S十 V 十间接宾语 “人” 十直接宾语 “物” 结构间接宾语前需要加to的常用动词有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等.间接宾语前需要加for的常用动词有：buy, choose, make, order, paint, play演奏 , sing,等. 18）Yesterdayher fatheras a birthdaypresent.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物.19) The old man in the Long March.正在给孩子们讲故事这种句型仍可转换为：动词 直接宾语 for/ to sb.20) Please show me your picture. =Please .请把你的画给我看一下.I the salt. = I the salt .我把书递给他.基本句型五 : S 十 V 十 O十 C 主谓宾补结构 此句型的句子的共同特点是： 动词虽然是及物动词, 但是只跟一个宾语仍不能表达完整的意思, 必需加上一个补充成分来补足宾语. call （叫） , choose（选） , find （发觉） , make, name, 命名 22） Keep , please.请让孩子们寂静下来. 23） Theypainted .他们把门漆成绿色. We must .我们必需保持我们的学校洁.Heaskedme soon.他要我早点回来.24）我们发觉他是一个懒散的人. .留意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to .如： 25） The boss all day. 迫使他劳动 Wesaw . 他出去 .考点突破训练1、I am sorry to have kept you A to wait B wait C waited D waiting 2、 I felt somebody meA touchB touched C to touch D touches 3、 He taught me speak EnglishA how should B how C how can I D how to4、 I shall make your dream A coming truly B come true C to come true D comes true5、 He told homeA us not to go B we not go C us not go D us to not go6、 I think a good habit to get up early A this B itC that D its7、 Roses in bloom smell 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -A sweetenB sweetlyC sweetD sweetness 1. The weather .A. wet and coldB. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold 2. The apple tasted .A. sweetsB. sweetlyC. nicelyD. sweet 3. He got up yesterday morning.A. latelyB. lateC. latestD. latter4. were all very tired, but none of would stop to take a rest.A. We, usB. Us, weC. We, ourD. We, we 5.I think necessary（必要的）to learn English well.A. itsB. itC. thatD. that is 6. The dog mad（疯的） .A. looksB. is lookedC. is being looked D. was looked判定以下句子是简洁句、并列句仍是复合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there.4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it.9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.1、They went the back door into the garden.A.overB、throughC、 inD、out答案具体解析：以上是考查go through用法,意思,穿过,通过,整个句子意思：他们穿过后门进入了花园：所以答案为B2、I was surprised him here .A、at seeB 、 at seeingC、in seeD、in seeing答案具体解析 :以上考查at doing sth对做什么事情, 表示导致前面结果一种缘由, 观察他在这里,我感到很惊讶 /诧异3、Please follow me into the cave.A、goB 、wentC 、to goD、going答案具体解析： follow sb to do sth动词不定式 做宾语补足语,跟着某人做某事4、I happened by her in the cinema.A、to sitB 、 hear ofC、sittingD、sat答案具体解析 : happen to do sth碰巧做某事,我碰巧在电影院坐在她旁边5、Did you he wantedto become a basketball player like Yao Ming.A. hear thatB.hear ofC. hear fromD .hear about答案具体解析： hear of sth听说某事,你听说他想成为像姚明那样的篮球运动 员了吗？按首字母填空 ·6. It s i for Eve to tell a lie .She is honest.答案具体解析：填一个形容词性,不行能的impossible对伊夫来说,说谎是不行能的,她很证明7. The reporter saw a thief 逃走） from the police station.答案具体解析：要填一个动词,因此填escapesee sb doing sth 这个记者观察一个贼从警察局逃走了8. The teacher has much and had a few strange last year.experience答案具体解析 :第一个空却定语成分因此需要填一个形容词experienced , 其次个却宾语成分因此可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -空需要填名词 experience. 第三个空也却宾语成分,因此需要填名词experiences1 experienced 形容人,表示老练的,娴熟的,富有体会的）（2） experience 是个不行数名词 ,表示体会,体验,经受,阅历的,感受,体会意思）（3） experiences（是个可数名词,表示某人的亲生经受的事情.因此可以修饰可数名词 不定代词修饰 a few staange打错了应当是strange中考英语单项挑选题（附答案解析）参考答案及详解：1 C.go on 后面可以接不定式、动名词和with 结构. go on doing sth 指“连续做” ,表示连续做原先正在做的事情. go on to do sth 指“接着做”另一件事.go on with “连续做某事” ,后接名词或代词.2 B .表示比较,用“more than”结构.3 D .依据句式,这里用反身代词表示“强调”,译为“亲自.自己” .4 B .同级比较用as as, not so（as） as 句式. 5 A6 C.此题重点测试through 和 across 的区分. through 表示“从当中穿过,或从一边到另一边”,动作在三维空间进行.across 一般用于表示“横过.越过”,动作在某一物体表面进行.7 A .此题侧重rather 和 quite 的比较.两个词都表示“相当”,rather 较 quite 语气重.rather 可以与比较级或too 连用. quite 不能.8 D .be interesting 意指“好玩的” . be interested in 用于表示“对感爱好”.9 B .take,spend, cost 都可以表示“花费” ,cost 的主语必需是“物” ,后面多接“钱” . spend 的主语必需是“某人”,句式结构为： someone spent some time（ in） doing sth.take 的主语是不定式,多用 it 做形式主语,句式结构为： It takes（ took ） sbsome time to do sth 10 C.hundred, thousand, million ,billion 几个词用做数词时,不能用复数形式,作名词时,必需同of 连用,这些词必需用复数形式.11B .nearly 和 almost 表示“几乎,差不多” ,数字前一般用nearly. almost 往往用在否定词前,而nearly 必需放在否定词后.12 A .前缀 un-表示否定意义.用什么词必需依意思而定.13 B .go on well with意思是“与相处融洽”.14 D.留意词义区分.15C.ground ,floor ,earth, land 都有“的”的意思.ground 通常指陆的的表面.floor 指室内的的面.earth 除作“的球”讲外,仍有“大的”的意思.land 指“土的”,可以是用于“耕种”的土的,也可以是指与“海洋、水泽”相对应的陆的,仍可以指“国家”.16 A .17 B .suddenly（突然）, perhaps（或许）, yet（然而,已经,仍） , instead（代替）都是副词.行为动词： They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes. They dont want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch. Gina doesnt have a watch.2、现在进行时表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为sb be v-ing sth +其它 . I m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball. Im not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter. Nancy isnt writinga letter.Theyre listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music. They arent listening to the pop music.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载