外研版八年级英语现在完成时的用法.docx

'现在完成时的用法一、表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如：你读过那个故事吗？Have you read that story?（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响为：是否知道故事中的内容） 我买 了两个苹果。 I have bought two apples.（“买”这一动作发生在过去对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果）（一）、构成：“助动词have/has+动词的过去分词”（二）、句型结构：肯定式：主语+have/has+过去分词+其它。如：I havejust come back from Qinzhou.否认式：主语+have/hasnot+过去分词+其它。如：I haven ' t seen the TV play.一般疑问句：Have/ has+主语+过去分词+其它？如： Has Jack finished his homework?回答：肯定：Yes,主语+have/has.否认：No,主语 + haven ' t/ hasn ' t.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句？如： How long have you had the dog ?当堂检测完成以下句子：1 .李明还没看过这本书了。Liming that book.2 .他去看医生了吗？he see the doctor?3 .我非常高兴，因为我通过这次英语考试。I am very happy, because I the English exam.4 .你在这等了多久了 ？you here?5 .妈妈把那本书弄丢了。Mum that book.6 .你去哪了？Where you?（三）、常与现在完成时态连用的几个副词：air6ady, just多用于肯定句中，yet, ever, never 多用于疑问句和否认句中。如：1、I have already finished my homework. 我已经做完家庭作业。2、she hasjust had supper,她刚吃过晚饭。3、Have you ever sung this English song?你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？4、They havenl done the homework yet.彳也们还没有做作业。5、We have never seen an interesting film.我们从来没有看过有趣的电影。6、We have just come home, and we had a wonderful weekend.我们刚刚到家，我们度过了一个愉快的周末。7、Have you ever been to Guilin?Yes, I have. I went there a month ago.I have been there two or three times.你到过桂林吗？一一到过。我一个月前去过那里。我去过那里两三次了。8、 You can come with us to the cinema when you have finished your homework.你做完功课可以和我们一起去看戏。9、Most of them have already seen the movie.他们中大多数人已经看过这部电影了。10> How long have you lived here? 你住在这里多久了？（四）、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：1、一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系；如：I finished reading the book three days ago.2、现在完成时表示某一完成动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。如： I have finished reading the book now用一般过去时的情况：1） .当有一个表示过去的时间状语，$0: last year, two days ago, yesterday Just now等时.-When did he leave ?-We weren ' t in last night .She often came to help me When we were very young.2） .单纯谈过去的动作，不涉及它对现在的影响时.-What did you have for your lunch?When did you have supper?用现在完成时的情况:1) .当有一个表示到现在为止这段时间的状，如recently, these days , so far, up till now, in the past 3 years, by the end of, for+一段时间 以及since引导的表示时间的状语从句时.一Wehave learned a lot since we came to this school.-1 haven ' t slept very well these days.2) .假设谈一件已发生的事，主要考虑它对现在的影响的。Have you had your lunch?Do you want more?Thanks, I have had enough.即学即练用括号里适当的词填空：1、We(see) the film twice, we it yesterday at school.2、一 you(read) the book before?一Yes, I.一When you it?一Last month.3) Zhaoqing(be) a small city 20 years ago, no wit(become) famous all over the world.3、有些时间状语，如this morning, tonight, this month等，可用于现在完成时或一般过去 时，但它们表达的意义不一样。用于现在完成时那么包括“现在”在内，而用于一般过去时 那么与现在无关。例如；. I have read this story this April.我今年四月份看过这个故事了。(讲话时仍然是四月份)1) .1 read this story this April.我今年四月份看的这个故事。(讲话时四月份已过).1 have written two letters this morning.今天上午我写了两封信。(讲话时仍是上午)2) .1 wrote two letters this morning .今天上午我写了两封信。(讲话时已是下午或晚上)Exercise:-Why not go to see the film with me?一 Because I it.A、have seenB. will seeD. sawD. sawC. have saw一Hello! Could I speak to Mr. King, please?一 Sorry, he ' s the supermarket.been atB. been toC. been onD. gone to2. I already my homework, I it last night.have, finished, have finishedhave, finished, finishedfinished, have finished一Have you your breakfast?一Yes, I have.When you it?一1 hour ago.had, have hadB. do, have , hadC. had, did, haveD. had, have, have二、.表示过去某一时间开始并一直延续到现在，甚至还可能继续下去。常和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间状语连用。一段时间的表达方法有两种：for + 段时间： for a year, for two weeks,for three yearssince +过去的某一时咳 U : since last week.一般过去时态的时间状语从句：since you came since you got home.1) .They have lived here for ten years .2) . She has taught in this school since three years ago.3) .We have known each other since we were veryyoung.注意：用于这种用法中的动词必须是表示连续的动作或状态的词，如：live > work > teach > study > stay > wait、know> be have、learn > wear> walk、sleep 等，这类动词叫做“延续性动词”。英语中还有另一种动词, 如:die> buy> join > marry become、begin > fall> come > go、hear、 die、close > open、leave、borrow、等，它们只表示短暂的动作，不能表示一个延续的状态，这类动词叫做“瞬间性动词”，它们可以用于现在完成时，但是不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。判断以下句子的正误：1) .He has died (.)He has died for 2 years (.)He has been dead for 2 years.().Helen has married. ()Helen has been married for 5 years.()Helen has married for 5 years(.)瞬间性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，但是他可以转换成相应的延续性动词L直接用延续性动词buy - havecatch (get) a cold - have a coldborrow keeparrive / come / go/become beput on - wearget up be up2) 转换成be+名词join the army - be a soldierjoin the Party - be a Party membergo to school - be a student换成be+形容词或副词die一 be dead finishend - be over begin be onleave 一be awayfall sleep - be asleepclose/ open - be closed/ openmarry 一 be married4.转换成be+介词短语go to school - be in schoolj oin the army - be in the army当堂检测选择填空The shop has been for an hour.A. close B. closing C. closedHow long have you the book?A. borrowedB.kept C. bought1. They Guangzhou for an hour.A. left B. have left C. have been away fromhave Foshan since ten years ago.A. come to B. arrive in C. been in5.1 bought a computer.A. for two daysB. since two days agoC. two days ago6 Class has been over.A. just now B. for a moment C. a moment agohave come back.A. for an hour B. yet C. AlreadyI the way. I here for quite many years.A. knew have livedB. knew liveC. know have livedD. know live2. you ever America ? Yes, I have.A. Have gone toB. Have gone inC. Have been toD. Have been in3. Mybrother college for over three years.A. has gone toB. has been toC. has been atHe the Army by the end of 1989.He in the army since then.A. joined isB. has joinedhas beenC hadjoinedisD. hadjoinedhas been4. . _you _ the text yet?Yes, we_it two hours ago.A. Did copy didB. Have copied haveC. Have copied did D.Did copy hadWhy she angry ?”Because he at her just now .”A. did get shoutedB. has got shoutedC. didget has shouted5. _youthe film before ? Where_youit ?A. Haveseen did seeDidsee have seenC. Have seen have seen7.You me waiting for two hours.I for you since five.A. kept waitedB. have keptwaitedkepthave waited D. have kepthave waitedWhere_John_?To the library. He_there for an hour.A. has been hasgoneB.has gone has been C.did go wentD. did be wentA. already yetHave they taken down the old pictures?No, not.2) Most ofus have finished our compositions.3) He hasn 't visited the museum.1) We have learned five lessons the beginningof this term.2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital last week.3) I have stayed at my aunt' s two weeks.I have been here 1999.They have kept the books one day.It has been cold two weeks ago.W e have learnt a lot we came here.C. have gonehave beenWhere are the boy students ?They to the school factory.1 Is your father in?No, he to Shenzhen.he ever there before ?Yes, he there several times) He asks me if I to Hangzhou before.I told him that I wanted to go there for a visitas I never to that city before.2 ) Mybrother the Great Wall three times把以下句子翻译成汉语：1、这只狗死了。这只狗昨天死了。*这只狗一天前死了。这只狗死了一天。2、他们离开广州了。他们两天前离开广州了。他们自从两天前就离开广州了。/他们离开广州两天了。3、戏剧开始了。戏剧半小时前开始了。戏剧开始半个小时了。4、我买了 一台电脑。自从我来到这里就买了一台电脑。