2021年职称英语考试综合类(A)级试题.docx

2021年职称英语考试综合类（A）级试题词汇选项第1题、Onlypeople over 18 are eligible to vote.A. honestB. qualifiedC. enabledD.clever我的答案：参考答案：B答案解析：本句意思：只有年满18岁的人才有资格投票。eligible意思是“符合条件 的，有资格的"，与qualified（有资格的）意思相近。honest诚实的，坦率的； enabled可行的；clever聪明的，机智的。第2题、Thelatest car model embodies the new research development. A. listsB. includesC.borrowsD.broadens我的答案：参考答案：B答案解析：本句意思：最新的汽车模型体现了新的研究进展。embody意思是“体现，包 含”，与include（包含,包括）意思相近。list把列入名单；borrow借;broaden扩宽，开阔。第3题、Thecoastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold. A.severe B. hard C. warm D. dry 我的答案： 参考答案：C 答案解析：我的答案：我的答案：参考答案：C答案解析：第二段主要描述了通古斯爆炸事件的场面和这样命名此次事件的原因，并且 说到爆炸的原因仍然成谜，故选C。第24题、Paragraph 3我的答案：我的答案：参考答案：F答案解析：第三段主要介绍了科学家们怀疑爆炸是由陨石撞击地球造成的，并且他们很 担心如果类似事件发生在人口密集的区域，后果将不堪设想，故选F。第25题、Paragraph 4我的答案：我的答案：参考答案：E答案解析：第四段首先提到，科学家们没有找到任何由陨石撞击地球造成的碎屑或线 索，接着又说找到证据就能加深人们对近地天体的认识与了解。本段主要强调了 找到爆炸事件证据的重要性，故选E。第26题、Paragraph 5我的答案：我的答案：参考答案：A答案解析：第五段提到其他有关通古斯爆炸事件的解释，有些科学家认为此次爆炸是由 大量甲烷气体从地壳中泄漏引起的，有些则认为是由外星人的飞船撞击造成的， 各种意见争执不下，故选A。10第27题、Thegigantic explosion that occurred a hundred years ago. 我的答案： 我的答案：参考答案： A答案解析：本句意思：一百年前发生的这场大爆炸 o可定位到文章第一段，根据“A hundred years ago this week, a gigantic explosion ripped open the day above a forest in western Siberia, leaving a scientific riddle that endures to this day. ”可知，这场一百年前的大爆炸破坏力巨大，即便到今天仍旧是 个谜，riddle对应选项A中的puzzle,故选A。第28题、Theshock wave which followed the dazzling light . 我的答案： 我的答案：参考答案： D答案解析：本句意思：闪光之后的冲击波 o根据文章第二段第一句"A dazzlinglight oierlced the heavens, followed by a shock wave as strong as 1, 000 atomic bombs. "可知，闪光和冲击波都是由大爆炸造成的，故选D。第29题、Thehypothesis that the explosion was caused by a rock colliding with the Earth我的答案:我的答案：参考答案： B答案解析：本句意思：爆炸是由陨石撞击地球造成的假设。文章第三、四段出现 相关内容，根据第四段第一句话"But no fragments of the 'rock' have ever been found（科学家们未找到任何“陨石”的碎屑）.”可知，这项假设缺乏足够 证据，故选B。第30题、Wolfgang Kundt, who has developed an alternative theory,我的答案： 我的答案：11参考答案：C答案解析：本句意思：Wolffgang Kundt提出了另一个理论，他。文章第五段出 现该人名，并且根据 Wolfgang Kundt, a professor at Germanyr s Bonn university v可知，他是德国波恩大学的一位教授，故选C。阅读理解Sports Star Yao MingIf Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2. 26m, he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association （NBA） and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Games.But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity （名气）.Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess （杰出 的 才能）but also for being a symbol of international commerce.When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No. 1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft （选拔），he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enough一no NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is a handful （难对付的人） for opponents on either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as a bridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China.When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture （骨 折）in his left foot, a collective shudder （震动）spread across China. After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and though the estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to prepare with Team China, Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process. Western experts are generally skeptical of TCM' s benefits, although new research from the university of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may indeed stimulate bone repair.“There is no reason to dismiss TCM, Yao told a press conference in Beijing. It's been used in our country for thousands of years. I don 't think that it's short on science. 12第31题、Theword "towering" in Paragraph 1 means.A.largeB. fatC. tallD. great我的答案：参考答案：C答案解析：词义猜测题。由第一段 “If Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest.”可知,如果姚明不是世 界上最闪耀的球星，那他一定是最高的那个。此外，第一段都在强调他的身高， 且根据tower （塔）一词也可联想到“（像塔一样）高耸的"，故选C。第32题、Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his.A. mobilityB. assaultC.defenseD.celebrity我的答案：参考答案：A答案解析：事实细节题。定位到文章第三段第二句，根据“His assets on the court are clear enoughno NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is a handful for opponents on either end of the court. “ 可知, 姚明在场上的优势很明显，没有哪个和他身高一样的NBA球星有这样的灵活性， 所以才会让对手觉得很难对付。第33题、YaoMing had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because .A.his right foot had been hurtingC. he wanted to make a more rapid recoveryC.the surgical operation had been a failureD.he couldn't afford all the medical expenses我的答案：参考答案：B答案解析：事实细节题。姚明受伤有关的内容在文章第五段。根据第五段第一句“he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process. ” 可知，姚明接受一系列传统 中医治疗是为了加快脚伤的恢复进程，故选B。题、第3413Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true?A. He missed the Athens Olympics.B.He is an NBA player.C.He fractured his left foot.D. He is an international figure.我的答案：参考答案：A答案解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association （NBA） 可知，姚明是NBA球员,故B正确。根据第三 段中的 “what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen”可知,姚明对于火箭队的价值就在于他是全球范围内的 名人，故 D 正确。根据第四段中的 uYao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture in his left foot” 可 知，他左脚骨折，故C也正确。他错过的是剩下的NBA赛季以及可能错过北京奥 运会，并没有提到他错过了雅典奥运会，故本题选A。第35题、Ingeneral, the Western experts' attitude towards TCM is .A. indifferentB.positiveC.negativeD.doubtful我的答案：参考答案：D答案解析：推理判断题。根据第五段第二句"Western experts are generally skeptical of TCM's benefits.”可知，他们大都对此持怀疑态度，skeptical和选项D 中的doubtful是同义词，故选DoBlack Holes Trigger Stars to Self-destructScientists have long understood that supermassive （超大质量的） black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close. The black hole's gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough.Scientists say this uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star. The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris （巴黎天 文台）in Meudon, France, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star's life, as it veered （改变方向） towards a supermassive black hole.When the star gets close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into14 a pancake （薄饼）shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart. But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail, and found that even when their effects are included, the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. "There will be an explosion of the starit will be completely destroyed, z， Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates （使消失）the star, it saves some of the star's matter from being devoured （吞没）by the black hole. The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the star's matter out of the black hole 's reach, he says.The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart, its matter starts swirling （旋 转）into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so, releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Halpern of Columbia University in New York, US. It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough, he says.第 36题、Whatwould take place if a star gets too close to a black hole?A.The star would veer away from the black hole.B. The black hole would reduce its own size considerably.C. The flattening process wou1d reduce the star's density.D.The black hole would rip the star apart.我的答案：参考答案：D答案解析：事实细节题。根据文章第一段第一句"Scientists have long understood that super massive black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close. ”可知，黑洞会毁灭靠近它的天体， 故D正确。第37题、According to Paragraph 3, researchers differed in the likelihood of generating .A. star densityB.nuclear explosionC.shock waves15D.the uneven forces我的答案：参考答案：B答案解析：推理判断题。文章第三段主要说明了两种研究结论，它们就是否会产生核爆 炸的可能性产生分歧。根据第三段中的第二句和第三句"Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature* But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur."可知，先前的研究认为引力导致 的扁平状会让天体内部密度、温度增加，从而引发核反应爆炸，而其他研究认为 天体在变扁平的过程中会受到冲击波的影响，不会有爆炸产生，故B正确。第38题、According to Paragraph 4, the new simulations favored .A.the creation of a new starB. the formation of a new black holeC. a nuclear explosionD.the enlargement of the star我的答案：参考答案：C答案解析：事实细节题。根据文章第四段第一句"The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail, and found that even when their effects are included, the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. ” 可矢口, 新的模 拟实验详细地研究了冲击波的影响，实验发现即便将产生的影响包括在内，还是 很有可能产生核爆炸，所以新的模拟实验偏向于产生核爆炸这一可能性，故选C。第 39题、Whatis supposed to happen several months after the explosion of the star?A.The star's matter will move further away from the black hole.B. The black hole's matter will heat up.C.The torn star's matter will swirl into the black hole.D. The black hole will devour ultraviolet light and X-rays. 我的答案： 参考答案：C 答案解析：事实细节题。根据第五段第二句"It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart, its matter starts swirling into the hole itself. ”可知，天体爆炸几个月后，星体的物质会被吸入黑洞中，故选 Co第40题、Theword "disruption" in Paragraph 6 means .16A.eruptionB.tearing apartC. interruptionD.flattening我的答案： 参考答案：B 答案解析：推理判断题。全文主要介绍了黑洞强大的引力会吸引靠近的天体，引发天体 内部核反应、爆炸，从而导致天体的自毁。题目中的serf-destruct和文章的 tear apart都是disruption（分解,毁坏）的近义词，故选B。Don't Rely on Indirect EvidenceConservationists may be miscalculating the numbers of the threatened animals such as elephants, say African and American researchers. The error occurs because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung （粪）the creatures leave behind.The mistake could lead researchers to think that there are twice as many elephants as there really are in some regions, according to Andrew Plumptre of the Wildlife Conservation Society （WCS） in New York.Biologist Katy Payne of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, agrees. We really need to know elephant numbers and the evidence that we have is quite indirect,/z says Payne, who electronically tracks elephants.Counting elephants from aeroplanes is impossible in the vast rainforests of Central Africa. So researchers often estimate elephant numbers by counting dung piles in a given area. They also need to know the rate at which dung decays. Because it's extremely difficult to determine these rates, however, researchers tallying （统计）elephants in one region tend to rely on standard decay rates established elsewhere.But researchers at the WCS have found that this decay rate varies from region to region depending on the climate and environment. Using the wrong values can lead the census astray （歧途），says Plumptre.He and his colleague Anthony Chifu Nchanji studied decaying elephant dung in the forests of Banyany一一Mbo wildlife sanctuary （禁猎 区）in Southwest Cameroon. They found that the dung decayed between 55 and 65 per cent more slowly than dung in the rainforests of neighbouring Gabon. If researchers use decay rates from Gabon to count elephants in Cameroon, they would probably find more elephants than are actually around.This could mean estimates in Cameroon are at least twice as high as those derived from decay rates calculated locally, says Plumptre. However accurate your dung density estimate is, the decay rate can severely affect the result. Plumptre also says that the dung-pile census should be carried17 out over a region similar in size to an elephant's natural range. The usual technique of monitoring only small, protected areas distorts numbers because elephants move in and out of these regions, he says. if the elephant population increases within the protected area, you can not determine whether it is a real increase or whether it is due to elephants moving in because they are being poached （偷猎）outside. Plumptre says that similar problems may also plague other animalcensus studies that rely on indirect evidence such as nests, tracks or burrows （地洞）.第41题、Theword "threatened" in Paragraph 1 meansA. endangeredB.frightenedC.killedD. angered我的答案：参考答案：A答案解析：词义猜测题。threatened的词根threat是“威胁，受到危险”的意思，所 以threatened意思就是“受到危险的，受到威胁的"，与endangered（濒危的） 意思相近,故选A。frightened害怕的;killed被杀死的；angered激怒（anger 的过去式和过去分词）o第42题、Theway elephant numbers are estimated isA.technicalB.theoreticalC.unhelpfulD. mistaken我的答案： 参考答案：D 答案解析：推理判断题。文章第五段提到 “Using the wrong values can lead the census astray（使用错误的数值会导致数量普查偏离正道）”，而且第一段和第二段中的“error” “mistake”等词都表明这种间接的研究证据是有误的，大象的数量不 能通过它们的粪便数量来估测。因为衰变率不同，会造成很大误差，故选D。题、第43Counting piles of elephant dung is not reliable because they differ inA. sizeB. shapeC. track locationD.decay rate18我的答案：参考答案：D答案解析：事实细节题。根据文章倒数第四段第三句"If researchers use decay rates from Gabon to count elephants in Cameroon, they wou 1 d probably find more elephants than are actually around. ”可知,如果研究衰变率,那么实际上 会发现有更多大象。在文章倒数第三段中，Plumptre说到“However accurate your dung density estimate is, the decay rate can severely affect the result （不论粪便密度估计的多么准确，衰变率也会严重影响其效果）”。由此可 知，研究者认为大象的数量不能通过它们的粪便数量来估测，因为衰变率不同， 会造成很大误差，故选D。第44题、According to Plumptre, a dung-pile census should be conducted in a.A. natural rangeB.small regionC.protected areaD. monitored place我的答案：参考答案：A答案解析：推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句话中的“the dung-pile census should be carried out over a region similar in size to an elephant's natural rangev可知，粪便数量的统计范围应该选取与大象数量种群相近的地 区。根据倒数第二段最后一句话"If the ele