2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点3--细节理解之细节排序题--练模拟熟能生巧（教师版）.docx

2023年高考复习阅读理解总分值考点考点3.细节理解之细节排序题.练模拟一熟能生百1.12022届青海省西宁市高考二模】Fat and shy, Ben Saunders was the last kid in his class picked for any sports team. nFootball, tennis, cricket anything with a round ball, I was useless/ he says now with a laugh. But back then he was the one always made fun of in school gym classes in Devonshire, England.It was a mountain bike he received for his 15th birthday that changed him. At first he went hiking alone in a nearby forest. Then he began to ride the bike along with a runner friend. Gradually, Saunders set his mind on building up his body, increasing his speed and strength. At the age of 18, he ran his first marathon.The following year, he met John Ridgway and was hired as an instructor at Ridgwhy's School of Adventure in Scotland, where he learned about Ridgway's cold-water exploits. Greatly interested, Saunders read all he could about North Pole explorers and adventures, then decided that this would be his future.In 2001, after becoming a skillful skier, Saunders started his first long-distance expedition （探险）towards the North Pole. It took unbelievable energy. He suffered frostbite （冻疮），ran into a polar bear land pushed his body to the limit, pulling his supply-loaded sled （雪橇）up and over rocky ice.Saunders has become the youngest person to ski alone to the North Pole, and he's skied more of the North Pole by himself than any other British man. His old playmates would not believe the change.Next October, Saunders, 27, heads south from the coast of Antarctica to the South Pole and back, a 2900-kilometre journey that has never been completed on skis.4. What change happened to Saunders after he was 15 years old?A. He joined a sports team.B. He began to build up his body.C. He became good at most sports.D. He made friends with a runner.5. The underlined word "exploits'* （paragraph 3） is closest in meaning to.A. journeysB. researchesC. adventures D. operationsWhich of the following is the correct order of the events that happened to Saunders?a. He ran his first marathon.b. He skied alone in the North Pole.c. He rode his bike in a forest.d. He planned an adventure to the South Pole.A. acdbB. cdabC. acbdD. cabdWhat does the story mainly tell us about Saunders?A. He is a success in sports.A. He is the best British skier.B. He is Ridgway's favorite student.C. He is a good-instructor at school.【答案】4. B5. C6. D7. A【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Saunders本来是一个完全不擅长运动的学生，15岁生日时收到 的一辆山地车改变了他，他慢慢成长成一个运动健将，并且成为了单独滑雪到达北极的最年轻的人。4 .细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Gradually, Saunders set his mind on building up his body, increasing his speed and strength.(渐渐地，Saunders下定决心锻炼身体，增加速度和力量)”可知，Saunders在收到15岁的生日 礼物一辆山地自行车后，他改变了，决心要强身健体。应选B。5 .词句猜想题。根据划线单词后面内容“Greatly interested, Saunders read all he could about North Pole explorers and adventures, then decided that this would be his future.(Saunders 非常感兴趣，他读了 所有他能读 到的关于北极探险者和冒险的书，然后决定这就是他的未来户可推知，前文应该是Saunders 了解到一些关 于极寒冒险的事情。由此推知，划线词“探险，冒险'的意思。应选C。6 .细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，Saunders的过程是：单独在森林里骑自行车一跑了自己的第一次马 拉松一单独在北极滑雪一准备一次去南极的探险活动。应选Do.主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲的是Saunders如何由一个完全不擅长运动的学生变成了一个滑雪健将， 并且成为单独滑雪到达北极的最年轻的人。由此可知，这个故事主要告诉我们关于Saunders的是，他在体 育方面是一个成功的人。应选A。2.【2022届江苏省南京市、盐城市高三下学期第二次模拟】For generations, depression has been seen as an illness, disorder or even weakness. Such an idea makes sense because depression causes suffering and even death. But what if we've got it all wrong?The common wisdom is that depression starts in the mind with abnormal thinking. That leads to symptoms like headaches, stomachaches, or tiredness. Now, models like the Polyvagal Theory suggest that we've got it backward. Itrs the body that detects danger and initiates a defense strategy meant to help us survive. That biological strategy is called immobilization, and it demonstrates in the mind and the body with a set of symptoms we call depression.When we think of depression as unnecessary suffering, we are telling people with depression that they are not part of the group, they are not right and they don* t belong. That robs them of hope. But when we begin to understand that depression, at least initially, happens for a good reason we lift the shame. Instead, people with depression are courageous survivors, not damaged sick people.The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is constantly scanning our internal and external environment for signs of danger. If our ANS detects a threat or even a simple lack of safety, its next strategy is the fight or flight response, which we often feel as anxiety. Sometimes the threat is so bad or goes on for so long, that the nervous system decides there is no way to fight or to flee. At that point, there is only one option left: immobilization.The immobilization response is the original biological defense in higher animals. It dulls pain and makes us feel disconnected. Think of some reptiles。型彳亍动物)，which shut down their bodies to avoid cold temperatures and the lack of food and water. In humans, people often describe feeling “out of their bodies" during extremely unpleasant events, which has a defensive effect of reducing the emotional shock. This is important because some things are so terrible, we don't want people to be fully present when they happen. What incredible capacity of our biology to find a way in hard times!12. Why does the author mention the Polyvagal Theory?A. To offer a standard for identifying depression.B. To raise people's awareness of mental problems.C. To make sense of how depression affects people.D. To correct a commonly held idea about depression.13. What can we infer from paragraph 3?A. Depression can bring people in crisis hope.B. People may feel it wrong to have depression.C. Depression is an unnecessary human emotion.D. People often feel proud of fighting depression.14. What is “immobilization" in the text?A. Building up anxiety.B. Rising to challenges.C. Shutting down action.D. Pulling through a crisis.15. In which order does our body react to an extremely unpleasant situation?（Dseek to work out solutions become aware of a threat ©experience emotional shock ©start defensive disconnectionA.B.C.D.【答案】12. D13. B14. C15. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了抑郁症并非如大多人所想的那样是给人带来痛苦的，相反它是一种 自我保护机制。12 .细节理解题。根据第二段“Now, models like the Polyvagal Theory suggest that we've got it backward."（现 在，像迷走神经理论这样的模型说明我们把它弄反了。）可知，提到这个理论证明我们将抑郁症理解反了， 所以这个理论是用来纠正我们对抑郁症的既有观点。应选Do.推理判断题。根据第三段“When we think of depression as unnecessary suffering, we are telling people with depression that they are not part of the group, they are not right and they don't belong. That robs them of hope.” （当我们认为抑郁症是不必要的痛苦时，我们就是在告诉抑郁症患者，他们不属于这个群体，他们是不对的，他们不属于这个群体。这剥夺了他们的希望。）可知，这是人们对抑郁症通常的看法，所以人们往往 会认为得抑郁症是一件不好的事情，应选B。13 .词义猜想题。根据最后一段“It dulls pain and makes us feel disconnected. "（它能减轻痛苦，让我们感到 疏离。） 以及“Think of some reptiles （爬行动物）,which shut down their bodies to avoid cold temperatures and the lack of food and water."（想想一些爬行动物，它们关闭自己的身体以防止寒冷的温度和缺乏食物和水。） 可知，immobilization这个词的大概意思可以得到推断，就是减少活动，减少与周围人的接触，应选C。14 .细节理解题。根据第四段“If our ANS detects a threat or even a simple lack of safety, its next strategy is the fight or flight response, which we often feel as anxiety. Sometimes the threat is so bad or goes on for so long, thatthe nervous system decides there is no way to fight or to flee. At that point, there is only one option left:immobilization."（如果我们的ANS检测到威胁，甚至是简单的缺乏平安感，它的下一个策略就是战斗或逃跑反响，我们通常会感到焦虑。有时威胁太严重或持续时间太长，以致神经系统决定没有方法战斗或逃跑。在这一点上，只剩下一个选择：固化。）以及第五段“In humans, people often describe feeling “out of their bodiesduring extremely unpleasant events, which has a defensive effect of reducing the emotional shock. "（在人 类中，人们经常描述在极度不愉快的事件中“欣喜假设狂”的感觉，这具有减少情绪冲击的防御作用。）可知, 我们的身体对一个极其不愉快的情况的反响顺序是检测到威胁下一个策略就是战斗或逃跑反响感 受到情绪冲击防御。应选C。3.12022届山东省枣庄市高考二模】A carbon capturing device, called Orca, began operating in Iceland in September. The machine was invented and made by a Swiss company called Climeworks. The name comes from the Icelandic word orka which means energy.Orca can pull carbon dioxide out of the air and send it deep into the ground, where it is turned into stone. The device is made up of four sections which look like giant air conditioners stacked together. Each section contains 12 large fans that suck air from outside into steel compartments.Inside, the air passes through a filter （过滤器）which gathers the carbon dioxide. It is then heated to a high temperature so the carbon dioxide can be collected from the filter. Then, the carbon dioxide is mixed with water and put deep in the ground into a type of rock called basalt. Basalt causes the carbon dioxide mixture to turn into stone after two or three years.Orca is an experimental device. It was built to demonstrate that it is possible to permanently remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. It can remove 4, 000 metric tons of carbon dioxide from the air each year. Thafs about the same amount as the emissions produced by 850 cars in a year. In order to remove enough carbon dioxide to make a big difference to global warming, much larger devices like Orca would have to be built in many countries around the world.Some environmental activists say governments should spend more time and money on reducing the amount of greenhouse gas we produce each year, instead of investing in carbon capture methods. But others say that, in order for countries to meet their goal of net zero emissions by 2050, they will need to do both: reduce new emissions and remove the carbon dioxide already in the air.12. What's the purpose of designing Orca?A. To conserve energy.C , To protect natural resources.B. To achieve zero emissions.D. To remove carbon dioxide in the air.13. What does the underlined word "if9 refer to in Paragraph 2?A. Orca.B.14. How does Orca work?a. Sucking the air.c. Mixing with water.e. Putting into the ground.A. a, d, b, c, e B.The basalt. C. The air.b. Collecting the carbon dioxide.d. Filtering and heating.a, c, d, b, e C. a, d, c, b, eD. Carbon dioxide.D. a, b, c, d, eWhy are some environmentalists not in favor?A. Reducing emissions is more important.B. It might result in new pollution.C. The technology is not mature.D. It doesn't work efficiently.【答案】12. D13. D14. A15. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了瑞士公司制造的名为Orca的碳捕捉设备，并详细说明了其工作 原理和一些环保人士对它的看法。12 .推理判断题。根据第二段中“Orca can pull carbon dioxide out of the air and send it deep into the ground, where it is turned into stone.（Orca可以从空气中吸收二氧化碳，并将其送入地下深处，在那里它会变成石头）” 可推知，设计Orca的目的是去除空气中的二氧化碳。应选D项。13 .词句猜想题。根据第三段中“Orca can pull carbon dioxide out of the air and send it deep into the ground, where it is turned into stone. （Orca可以从空气中吸收二氧化碳,并将它送入地下深处，在那里它会变成石头）” 和指代关系可知，代词让指的是上文提到的“carbon dioxide”。应选D项。14 .细节理解题。根据第三段中“Inside, the air passes through a filter （过滤器）which gathers the carbon dioxide. It is then heated to a high temperature so the carbon dioxide can be collected from the filter. Then, the carbon dioxide is mixed with water and put deep in the ground into a type of rock called basalt.（在设备里, 空气通过 个可以收集二氧化碳的过滤器。然后将收集到的二氧化碳加热到很高的温度，这样二氧化碳就可以从过滤 器中聚积。然后，将二氧化碳与水混合，并放入地下深处一种叫做玄武岩的岩石中广可知，Orca的工作过 程是：先吸入空气，对其过滤并加热收集到的二氧化碳，完成二氧化碳的收集，与水混合，最后存入地下。 应选A项。15 .推理判断题。根据最后一段“Some environmental activists say governments should spend more time and money on reducing the amount of greenhouse gas we produce each year, instead of investing in carbon capture methods.（一些环保人士说，政府应该把更多的时间和金钱花在减少我们每年产生的温室气体上，而不是投 资于碳捕获方法广可推知，一些环保人士不支持Orca,是因为他们认为减少我们每年产生的温室气体更重 要。应选A项。4.【2022届辽宁省大连市高考联合模拟】The history of microbiology begins with a Dutch cloth maker named Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, a man of no formal scientific education. In the late 1600s, Leeuwenhoek, inspired by the magnifying lenses he used to examine cloth, built some of the first microscopes. He developed a technique to improve the quality of tiny, rounded lenses, some of which could magnify an object up to 270 times. After removing some plaque from between his teeth and examining it under a lens, Leeuwenhoek found tiny twisting creatures, which he called “animalcules”.His observations, which he reported to the Royal Society of London, are among the first descriptions of microbes, Leeuwenhoek discovered an entire universe invisible to the human eye. He found different microbes in samples of pond water, rain water, and human blood. He gave the first description of red blood cells, observed plant tissue, examined muscle, and investigated the life cycle of insects.Nearly two hundred years later, Leeuwenhoek's discovery of microbes helped French chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur to develop his “theory of disease”. This concept suggested that disease originates from tiny organisms attacking and weakening the body. Pasteur's theory later helped doctors to fight infectious diseases including anthrax, diphtheria, polio, smallpox, tetanus, and typhoid. All these breakthroughs were the result of Leeuwenhoek's original work. Leeuwenhoek did not foresee this legacy.In a 1716 letter, he described his contribution to science this way: “My work, which Fve done fbr a long time, was not pursued in order to gain the praise I now enjoy, but chiefly from a strong desire for knowledge, which I notice resides in me more than in most other men. And therefore, whenever I found out anything remarkable, I have thought it my duty to put down my discovery on paper, so that the scientific community might be informed thereof.”Which of the following best describes Leeuwenhoek?A. A trained researcher with an interest in microbiology.B. A curious amateur who made pioneer studies of microbes.C. A talented scientist interested in finding a cure for disease.D. A bored cloth maker who accidentally made a major discovery.8. The underlined phrase “this legacy“ in paragraph 3 refers to.A. the discovery of microbes.B. Pasteufs theory of disease.C. Leeuwenhoek's contribution.D. the origin of the tiny organism.9. What does the quote from Leeuwenhoek's letter suggest?A. He admitted that many of his discoveries happened by chance.B. He considered his work to be central to later medical breakthroughs.C. He was greatly concerned with improving people's living conditions.D. He believed the sharing of knowledge was a key to scientific progressWhat is the correct order for the following events?a. Magnifying lenses were built.b. The “theory of disease" was put forward.c. Microbes were discovered in samples of waters.d. Leeuwenhoek's first microscopes were successfully developed.e. Leeuwenhoek explained his thoughts upon his own contribution.A. a-d-c-e-b.B. d-a-c-e-b.C. a-d-c-b-e.D. d-a-e-b-c.【答案】8. B9. CIO. Dll. A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Antoni van Leeuwenhoek制作显微镜的过程以及Leeuwenhoek 在观察微生物方面取得的贡献和他本人对自己贡献的看法。8 .细节理解题。根据第一段中"The history of microbiology begins with a Dutch cloth maker named Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, a man of no formal scientific education. In the late 1600s, Leeuwenhoek, inspired by the magnifying lenses he used to examine cloth,