2022年数学人教版七年级下册相交线与平行线全章总结 .pdf
相交线与平行线全章复习班级：姓名：本章知识梳理1.邻补角的定义：对顶角的定义：对顶角的性质：2.当两条直线相交所成的四个角中有一个为直角时，叫做这两条直线互相垂直，其中的一条直线叫，它们的交点叫如图，用几何语言表示：方式AOC=90 AB_CD，垂足是 _ 方式 AB CD于 O AOC=_ 3.在同一平面内，过一点有且只有_条直线与已知直线垂直注意：垂线是，垂线段是一条，是图形.点到直线的距离是的长度，是一个数量，不能说“垂线段”是距离.4.识别同位角、内错角、同旁内角的关键是要抓住“三线八角”，只有“三线”出现且必须是两线 被第三线 所截才能出现这三类角；5.现在所说的两条直线的位置关系，是两条直线在“”的前提下提出来的，它们的位置关系只有两种：一是（有一个公共点），二是（没有公共点）.6.平行线的定义：在同一平面内，的两条直线叫做平行线.平行公理：经过直线外一点，一条直线与这条直线平行.平行线的传递性：平行于同一直线的两直线 .7.两条直线平行的判定方法：平行线的定义，平行线的传递性，平行线的判定公理：平行线的判定定理1：平行线的判定定理2：8.两条直线平行的性质：根据平行线的定义平行线的性质公理：平行线的性质定理1：平行线的性质定理2：C D A B O 平行线间的距离9.命题的定义：判断一件事情的语句，叫做命题.每个命题都是由_和_组成.每个命题都可以写成“如果，那么”的形式，用“如果”开始的部份是，用“那么”开始的部份是，正确的命题叫做 _，错误的命题叫做_.从长期的实践活动中总结出来的正确命题叫做，通过正确的推理得出的真命题叫做 .10.平移的特征：(1)把一个图形整体沿方向移动，会得到一个新的图形，新图形与原图形的形状和大小；(2)新图形中的每一点，都是由原图形中的某一个点移动后得到的，这两个点是；(3)连接各组对应的线段 .即，在平面内，将一个图形沿移动一定的，图形的这种移动，叫做平移变换，简称 .图形平移的方向，不一定是水平的.图形经过平移后，_图形的位置，_图形的形状，_图形的大小.(填“改变”或“不改变”)巩固练习1.如图 1，直线 a，b 相交于点O，若 1=40，?则2等于_2.如图 2，直线 ab，1=12330，则 2=_ 3.如图 3，已知 ab，1=70，2=40，则3=_4.如图 4，AB CD，E=40，C=65，则 EAB的度数为（）A 65 B 75 C 105 D 115图 5 图 6 图 7 5.如图 5，直线 L1与 L2相交于点O，OM L1，若 =44，则 为（?）A56 B46 C45 D446.如图 6，AB CD，直线PQ分别交 AB，CD于点 E，F，FG?是EFD的平分线，交AB于点G，若 FEG=40，那么 FGB 等于（）A80 B100 C110 D1207.如图 7，已知 1=2=3=55，则4的度数为（）A 55 B75 C105 D125GHNMFEDCBA文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q38.a、b、c 是直线,且 ab,b c,则 a 与 c 的位置关系是_.9.如图,MN AB,垂足为M点,MN 交 CD于 N,过 M点作 MG CD,垂足为G,EF 过点 N 点,且EF AB,交 MG于 H点,其中线段GM 的长度是 _到 _的距离,线段 MN的长度是 _到_的距离,又是 _的距离,点 N到直线 MG 的距离是 _.10.如图,ADBC,EF BC,BD 平分 ABC,图中与 ADO 相等的角有 _ 个,分别是 _.11.因为 AB CD,EF AB,根据 _,所以 _.12.命题“等角的补角相等”的题设_,结论是 _.13.如图(13),给出下列论断:AD BC:AB CD;A=C.以上其中两个作为题设,另一个作为结论,用“如果，那么”形式，写出一个你认为正确的命题是_.(13)(14)(15)14.如图(14),直线 AB、CD、EF相交于同一点O,而且 BOC=AOC,DOF=AOD,那么FOC=_ 度.15.如图(15),直线 a、b 被 C所截,a L 于 M,bL 于 N,1=66,则2=_.三、选择题.1.下列语句错误的是()A.连接两点的线段的长度叫做两点间的距离 B.两条直线平行,同旁内角互补 C.若两个角有公共顶点且有一条公共边,和等于平角,则这两个角为邻补角 D.平移变换中,各组对应点连成两线段平行且相等2.如图,如果 AB CD,那么图中相等的内错角是()A.1 与5,2 与6;B.3 与7,4 与8;C.5 与1,4 与8;D.2 与6,7 与33.下列语句:三条直线只有两个交点,则其中两条直线互相平行;如果两条平行线被第三条截,同旁内角相等,那么这两条平行线都与第三条直线垂直;过一点有且只有一条直线与已知直线平行,其中()A.、是正确的命题B.、是正确命题C.、是正确命题 D.以上结论皆错4.下列与垂直相交的说法:平面内,垂直于同一条直线的两条直线互相平行;一条直线如果它与两条平行线中的一条垂直,那么它与另一条也垂直;平行内,一条直线不可能与两条相交直线都垂直,其中说法错误个数有()87654321DCBAFEODCBA2313DCBAclNMba21FEODCBA文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 ZP7U5T8Y10Q3文档编码:CZ10H10Z8Z2Z6 HL10S10I3C10B1 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