2021年中考英语真题分类汇编之从句.docx

2021年中考英语真题分类汇编之从句一.选择题（共10小题）（2021 鄂州）- -Could you tell me for the coming holidays?-Sorry, I have no idea.（）A. where are you goingB. where you goC where you are goingD. where you went（2021 黄冈）-I think it's difficult to write the book report in two days.I really don't know-Plan your time properly, and you can make it.（）A. why I have to do itB. when will I finish itC. how I can do itD. if can I finish it（2021 湖北）-Could you tell me ?-Yes.We are going to visit the red boat on South Lake in Jiaxing next week.（）A. why well celebrate our Party's 100 birthdayB. how well celebrate our Party's 100 h birthdayC. when will we celebrate our Party's 100 birthdayD. where will we celebrate our Party's 100 birthday（2021 十堰）一What did the teacher say just now ?一He asked me.（）A. how could I work it outB when did I go to the libraryC. why I looked unhappy thenD. who I am waiting for（2021 武汉）- What did Daniel say to you?一 He asked me .（）A. how did I get to Hubei MuseumB why I liked hot - dry noodles so muchchanged our living habits in your e - mail, and I'm glad to share with you the new changes.Many of our habits have changed because of the COVID - 19 pandemic.Nowadays, we usually wear facial masks in public places to protect ourselves from viruses.（在公共场所带 口 罩的多了）In addition, many people dont go to crowded places any more, for safety is better than illness.（去人群聚集场所的人少了）Different from before, we exercise a lot more now, hoping to build up our health.（更注重身体锻炼了）Another big change is in our dining habits.We wash our hands as much as possible before and after dinner and try to use serving chopsticks when taking food from plates, which greatly reduces the risk of spreading the virus.（养成了餐前餐后勤洗手，餐中用公筷的习惯）【高分句型一】In my opinion, these changes are good and necessary, because they can best protect us and help us finally defeat the pandemic.【高分句型二】（看法）Please take care and stay in touch.Yours,Li Ming【点评】这是一篇提纲作文，题目要求围绕提示内容写作，命题既有限制又给予学生发 挥的空间。在写作中要综合运用所学知识，适当运用连词、副词等进行过渡。考点卡片1 .关系代词【概念】关系代词：定语从句修饰复合句中的名词或代词，通常把这个被修饰词叫做先行词，把引导定语从句且在从句中作主语、宾语或定语的引导词叫做关系代词.【结构及分类】关系代词有主格，宾格和属格（所有格）之分，并有指人与指物之分.that的用法最广，that可指人也可指物.见表：限定性 指人非限定性指物限定性 指物主格who/thatwhichthat宾格whom/thatwhichthat属格whoseof which/whoseof which/whose【用法】关系代词whowho表示”的（人）"，在定语从句中作主语，不能省略，所引导的定语从句一般修饰指 人的名词或代词，在口语或非正式语言中，可作定语从句中的宾语，相当于whom,可省略. 彳列：I know the lady is singing over there. She is our Chinese teacher.（）A. which B. who C. whomD. whose分析：我认识正在那边唱歌的女士，她是我们的汉语老师.解答：B.分析句子得知，句子的主干是I know the lady,后文is singing over there是一个定语从句， 来修饰先行词the lady,在定语从句中作主语，由于先行词the lady,表示人，故可以用关系 词that或who,结合选项，应选B.点评：解答此类试题时，要充分理解上下文的语境，结合所给词，进行解答.关系代词whomwhom表示”的(人):在定语从句中作宾语，所引导的定语从句修饰指人的名词或代 词，常省略.例：Please tell me something about Yang Liwei.-He is a great astronaut of all the Chinese are proud.()A. thatB. whoseC. whoD. whom分析：-请告诉我有关杨利伟的有关事情？-他是一个伟大的全中国人都引以为豪的宇航员.解答：D.that意思是“那个”,引导定语从句的时候,在从句中作主语或宾语;whose意思是“谁的二 引导定语从句的时候，在从句中作定语；who意思是“谁: 引导定语从句的时候，在从句中 作主语；whom意思是“谁“，在定语从句中作宾语.根据空格前面是介词。3因此可知在定 语从句中含有一个固定结构be proud of,这时候需要一个可以作of宾语的词，这时把of提 前，先行词是astronaut,是表示人的名词，所以还是要用whom来引导定语从句，综上所述, 应选D.点评：首先要掌握定语从句的用法，然后结合具体的题目，就可以确定正确答案.关系代词thatthat表示”的(事物)二所引导的定语从句修饰指事物或人的名词或代词，通常在定语 从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时，常可省略.彳列：I hate the dogs live in the next house. They make loud noises all night.()A. whoB. that C. what D. whom分析：我讨厌住在隔壁的狗，他们整晚发出噪音.解答:B.who意思是“谁”指人，在定语从句中作主语；that意思是“那个“，指人或指物，在定语从句 中作主语或宾语；what意思是“什么”，不能引导定语从句；whom意思是“谁”指人，在定语 从句中作宾语，根据先行词是the dogs,后面的定语从句缺少一个可以作主语的词，综上所 述，应选B.点评：首先要掌握这几个引导定语从句的词语的意思以及用法，然后结合具体的题目，就可 以确定正确答案.例：Ode to Joy (欢乐颂)is a TV play many people like.()A. why B. that C. who分析：欢乐颂是一部许多人喜欢的电视剧.解答：B.who意思是“谁“引导定语从句的时候，在从句中作主语，先行词通常是人；that意思是哪个 二引导定语从句的时候，在从句中作主语或宾语，所修饰的先行词通常是物；关系副词why 引导限定性定语从句修饰先行词reason,在定语从句中充当原因状语.根据"a TV play”一部 电视剧，这是一个表示物的先行词，所以要用that来引导定语从句，综上所述，应选B. 点评：首先要掌握定语从句的用法，然后结合具体的题目，就可以确定正确答案.关系代词whichwhich表示”的（事物）%所引导的定语从句修饰指事物的名词或代词，其中which通 常在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时，常可省略.彳列： My hometown is the place holds all my sweet memories.（）A. who B. whichC. what分析：家乡就是那个承载了我所有美好回忆的地方.解答：B.首先根据语境推测句意是”家乡就是那个承载了我所有美好回忆的地方.分析句子结构， 本句中的"holds all my sweet memories”在复合句中作定语从句，由于先行词place为下文 定语从句的逻辑主语，且指物，所以引导定语从句的关系代词用that或者which,应选B. 点评：此题考查定语从句的关系代词.做此题的关键是找准先行词，是人还是物，在从句中 做什么句子成分，然后根据语法选择正确的引导词.关系代词whosewhose表示”那个（那些）人的、它（它们）的”时，所引导的定语从句修饰指人或事物的名 词，其中whose在从句中作定语，修饰名词.例： -Who won the first prize in English speech contest?-The prize went to the girl speech was the most natural and fluent.（）A. that B. whoC. whoseD.不填分析：-在英语演讲比赛中谁获得第一名？一等奖属于那个演讲最自然最流利的女孩.解答：C.首先分析句子结构，本句中的"speech was the most natural and fluent”在复合句中作定语从句，由于先行词是the girl指人，且在定语从句中作定语，所以用关系代词whose引导 定语从句，指谁的，表所属关系.应选C.点评：此题考查定语从句的关系代词.首先要掌握几个关系代词引导定语从句的用法，然后 结合具体的语句中的先行词，以及在定语从句作的成分，就可以做出正确选择.【易混淆点】(1) that和which都指事物时，一般可以通用.但在以下情况下多用that,不用which：先行词为 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, much, little, few, none, the one 等时.例：Say all (that) you know.把你知道的全部讲出来.Is there anything (that) I can do for you now? 现在我能为你做点儿什么吗？I mean the one that was bought yesterday.我指的是昨天买的那个.先行词为序数词或被序数词(含last)修饰时.如：This is the first film (that) I have seen since I came here.这是我到这里以来看的第一部电 影.The last place (that) they visited was the Summer Palace. 他们最后参观的地方是颐和园.先行词被形容词的最高级或the very, the only等修饰时.如：This is the biggest apple (that) I have ever eaten. 这是我吃到的苹果中最大的一个.She is the very thief (that) the police are looking for. 她就是警方正在寻找的那个小偷.Mary is the only friend (that) I have in Australia.玛丽是我在澳大利亚唯一的朋友.先行词中既有人又有物时.如：We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了深刻的印象.先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时.如：This is a dictionary that will help you a lot.这是一本对你很有帮助的字典.Don't cheat me. I'm no longer the little boy that I was ten years ago. 别骗我了，我再也不是 十年前的那个小男孩了.(2)在以下情况下用which,而不用that：关系代词前有介词时.如：This is the house in which I lived ten years ago. 这就是我十年前住过的房子.先行词本身是that时.如：What was that which he said? 3 他说了些什么？在以who, which开头的句子中多用that.【解题方法点拨】结合具体的语句中的先行词，以及在定语从句作的成分确定使用哪个关系代词.如果缺少 主语、宾语、表语、定语用关系代词，如果缺少状语那么用关系副词.先行词本身是that时,防止重复用which,而不用that.【中考命题方向】中考英语试题常考查关系代词的用法，即关系代词who> whom、that、whose> which的用 法及其它们之间的区别是考查的重点.2 .疑问副词【概念】用于引出特殊疑问句的副词叫疑问副词.疑问副词有when, where, why, how等，如：Where do you come from? 你是哪里人？When will it be ready? 这什么时候能准备好？Why was she crying?她刚才为什么哭？【易混淆点】Where do you think he has gone?你认为他去什么地方了？（特殊疑问句）1. Do you know when he will come?你知道他什么时候来吗？（一般疑问句）错误说法：Do you think where he has gone?When do you know he will come?其区别是：可以用yes或no回答者，用一般疑问句的形式（疑问词放在句中，即主句之后），适合这类句型的主句动词通常有know, hear, ask, tell等；不能用yes或no回答者，用特殊疑问句的形式（疑问词放在句首），适合这类句型的主句 动词通常有 think, believe, suppose, guess 等.【解题方法点拨】（1）疑问副词用于引导特殊疑问句，通常位于句首，但有时也不一定：Without friends where are we?没有朋友我们会怎样？（2）疑问副词引导特殊疑问句时、其后应接一般疑问句，但有时可有所省略:Why argue with him?为什么要与跟他争吵？Why not ask the teacher? / Why don't you ask the teacher?为什么不问问老师呢？【注】Why或Why not后接动词原形，不接带to不定式，主要用于现在或将来，不用于过 去，如不说 why not tell me yesterday?应改为 Why didnt you tell me yesterday?(昨天为 什么不告诉我？)(3)有时两个疑问副词连用：When and where were you bom ? 你生于何时何地？【中考命题方向】中考英语试题常考查疑问副词在单项选择中的运用，选项会给出四个不同的疑问副词，需要 做题时仔细分析语境，区别疑问副词意思，便可拿到分数.3 .宾语从句【概念】(1)宾语从句：宾语从句是名词性从句的一种.宾语从句在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于 及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句, 介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.但是在初中阶段，主要要求学生掌握动词的宾语从句. 例如：John said that he was good at swimming.约翰说他擅长游泳.My teacher asked me why I was late for school.我的老师问我为什么上学迟到了.(2)连接词引导宾语从句的连接词分为：附属连词，连接代词、连接副词.附属连词：that, whether, if.连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever.连接副词： when, where, why, how, whenever, however.【用法】(1)宾语从句的引导词由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句.用在如say, think, wish, hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear, feel等动词后.连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词 汇意义，在口语中常被省略.例如：The radio says (that) it will be cloudy tomorrow.无线电报道明天将要阴天.Tom's mother told him (that) Mary was a good girl.汤姆的妈妈告诉他玛丽是个好姑娘.由连词if、whether引导的宾语从句.if、whether主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑 问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序.whether, if意思是“是否”，在从句中不做句 子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if可以替换.例如：I don't know ifVwhether the sports meeting will be put off.我不知道是否运动会将会推迟.The teacher asked if/whether they could hand in their homework on time.老师问是否他们能准时交上作业.以连接代词which, what, who等或连接副词how, where, why等引导的宾语从句，从 句要用陈述语序.例如：I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告诉了你什么.She always thinks of how she can work well.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好.(2)宾语从句的时态当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时，从句可用所需要的任何时 态.例如：I want to know what time he got up this morning.我想知道他今天早上什么时候起床的.I know she has studied English since 2010.我知道她自从2010年以来已经学英语了.当主句为一般过去时态时，从句要用于过去有关的时态.例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.老师告诉我们汤姆已经离开我们去美国了.He asked what Jim was doing now.他问吉姆现在在做什么.当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时.例如：My brother asked whether light travels faster than sound. 我弟弟问光是否比声音传播得快.Mary said no news is a good news.玛丽说没有消息就是好消息.【易混淆点】注意：一般情况下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情况例外.当从句做介词的宾语时，只用whether不用if.We are talking about whether we'll go shopping.我们正在谈论我们是否将去购物.引导词与动词不定式或not连用时，只用whether.Please let me know what we can do next.请让我知道我们下一步能做什么.Could you tell me whether you have a beautiful dog or not?你能告诉我你是否你又一条漂亮的狗吗？if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether.We can go by bus if it rains heavily tomorrow.如果明天下大雨，我们可以乘公交车去.【解题方法点拨】1、牢记所有的宾语从句要陈述语序，这也是考试的重点和难点.例如：The teacher asked the students.A. if they were interested in dinosaursB. when was Albert Einstein bomC. what they will do with the computersD. how many trees they have planted答案：A解析：宾语从句中从句应保持陈述语序，答案B首先删去，主句一般过去式，从 句要用于过去有关的时态，删去答案C和D,答案A中的if意为如果.It makes no difference.A. whether will you come tomorrow.B Whether or not will be pass the examIf he will come to the meeting or notC. Whether he will come to the meeting or not答案：D解析：答案A和B从句不是陈述语序先删掉，if不能与not连用.因此此题选D.2、根据主句的时态，正确使用宾语从句的时态.例如：©We didn't know which room.A. he livedB. he lived inC. did he liveD. he livesin答案：B解析：主句是一般过去时态，从句要用相应的过去时态，排除D；宾语从句要用 陈述语序，排除C； live是不及物动词，不能省略介词in,排除A.应选B.Our teacher told us that the moon round the earth.A. wentB. turned C. goD. turns答案：D解析：从句是一个客观真理，因此从句的时态不受主句影响.应选D.3、准确把握宾语从句的引导词.例如：He asked me I could sing the songnMy Heart will Go On. ”A. if B. weather C. what D. that答案：A解析：此句应选含有疑问意思的关系代词，故删去D； weather意为天气，根据 句意应选A.I am sure you said is true.A. what B. that C. which D. who答案：A解析：根据句意应用what,做said的内容，意思是”你所说的话。应选A.【中考命题方向】宾语从句在中考是考查的重点，主要考查引导宾语从句的连词和代词的选择，宾语从句的语 序，宾语从句的时态三个方面.考查方式灵活多样，经常以单项选择、完形填空、动词填空、 完成句子的形式考查，甚至书面表达也可以考查宾语从句.4.定语从句【概念】(1)定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非 限定性定语从句两种，初中只要求掌握限定性定语从句.(2)先行词被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词.定语从句必须放在先行词之后.(3)关联词引导定语从句的词被称为关联词.关联词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系 副词.C how many bridges are there in WuhanD. what will I study in Wuhan University（2021 荆州）-I hear we'll have a new English teacher this term.-Really? Do you know ?（）A. what subject he teachesB where he comes fromC. If he is a math teacherD. why he teaches so well（2021 鄂州）-Yuan Longping is a hero is known for developing hybrid rice （杂交水稻）.-Yes.He is a great man.（）A. whichB. whomC. whatD. that（2021 黄冈）-What can we do for the left - home children in the village needhelp?-We could help them with their study online on weekends.（）A. whichB. whomC. whoseD. who（2021 十） This is the first birthday gift I received.I've kept it many years.（）A. whichB. thatC. whoD. what（2021 荆州）-do you usually start doing your homework?-Right after I finish dinner.（）A. WhenB. WhereC. WhatD. Why二.书面表达（共1小题）6. （2021荆门）假如你是李明，你的英国朋友Henry给你发来电子邮件，询问关于新冠疫 情（COVID- 19 pandemic）对你们生活习惯带来的改变。请你根据以下要点给他回邮 件，并表达你对此变化的看法。要点：（1）在公共场所带口罩的多了；（2）去人群聚集场所的人少了；（3）更注重身体锻炼了；（4）养成了餐前餐后勤洗手，餐中用公筷的习惯；(4)关系代词和关系副词关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来.关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分.关系代词在定语从句中可以做 主语，宾语，定语等，关系副词在定语从句中作状语.常见的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that, as等.这些关系代词在定语从句 中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等.关系代词在定语从句中起到代替先行词、充当句子成分、 连接先行词与定语从句的作用.常见的关系副词有where, when, why, that等.这些关系副词在定语从句中作状语.(5)限制性定语从句根据定语从句与先行词之间的紧密程度，可以将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定 语从句.限制性定语从句用来修饰和限定先行词，使该词的含义更具体，更明确.限制性定 语从句不能被省略，否那么句意就不完整.【关系代词和关系副词的功能】(1)关系代词的功能：关系代词在定语从句中可以做主语，宾语，定语等.作主语.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致.例 如：彳列：-I really want to relax myself. Could we see City Danger tonight?-Sure! The actor a hero used to be a schoolteacher. I like him very much.()A. who play B. which playsC. who plays D. that play分析：-我真的想放松一下自己，今晚我们可以去看危险城市吗？-当然，那个扮演英雄的人过去是一名老师，我非常喜欢他.解答：C.首先分析句子结构，本句中的"a hero”在复合句中作定语从句，由于先行 词theactor为下文定语从句的逻辑主语，且指人，所以引导定语从句的关系代词用that或 者who,另外定语从句的谓语动词由先行词决定，先行词the actor是单数名词，且从句表述 的是一般性的事实，所以用一般现在时，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，所以选C.点评：此题考查定语从句的关系代词.做此题的关键是找准先行词，是人还是物，在从句中 做什么句子成分，然后根据语法选择正确的引导词.作宾语.关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略.例如：He is the man (that) I met at the meeting last weekend.The book (which) my teacher gave me is called"Gone With the Wind',.作定语.关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语.例如：The boy whose father is a teacher studies very hard.What's the name of the man whose brother is a director?(2)关系副词的功能：关系副词在定语从句中作状语.作状语.做地点状语用where,做时间状语用when.例如：This is the house where my father was born.Ill never forget the day when T first came to Beijing.【用法】(1)关系代词的具体用法.who指人，在定语从句中作主语.例如：The man who is mending the machine has been retired.The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可以用who代替，也可以省略.例如：Do you know the young man who/whom we met at the library?This is the policeman who/whom they were talking about yesterday.whose指人，在定语从句中作定语.例如：I like the boy whose mother is an actor.I know the girl whose brother won the first prize.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语，做宾语时可以省略.例如：A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.The computer game which he is playing is his favorite.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，做宾语时可以省略.例如:Did you find the notebook (that) Jim had given me for my birthday?I've read the newspaper that carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?(2)关系副词的具体用法when指时间，在定语从句中作状语.例如：Fil never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语.例如：This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.【易混淆点】（1）只能使用that,不用which的情况:先行词是 all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时.例如：All that he said is right.先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时.例如：This is the only one of these books that is worth reading.先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词.例如：He was the second （person） that told me the secret.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词.This is the best movie （that） I have seen this year.先行词既包括人又包括物时.例如：They always like to talk about the man and the things that they see on the road.（2）只能用which,不用that的情况:在非限制性定语从中.例如：The flight was put off, which was not good news.定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时.例如：The thing a