考点 11 情态动词和虚拟语气（重难考点精讲练）(原卷版) -备战2023年高考英语一轮复习（全国通用）.docx

考点11情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气在历年高考中并非重点，但仍然是高中英语语法学习中的重难点。高考中 常常考查以下内容：考查情态动词的基本用法和推测用法；考查情态动词+havedone的用法; 考查if虚拟条件下的虚拟语气（包括省略if的虚拟条件句）；考查含蓄虚拟条件下的虚拟语气; 考查特殊句式中的虚拟语气。1 .高考对情态动词的考查集中在情态动词的基本意义及“情态动词+ have done”结构语法上。2 .对虚拟语气而言，主要考查其在条件状语从句和名词性从句中的运用。一、情态动词【基础知识】情态动词本身有词义，但是没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有时态的变化，但是不能独立作谓语。情态动 词可以表示：能力、义务、可能性和允许等等意义；情态动词还可以用来给人们：提出请求、建议、意见 以及提供帮助等等。重点考向情态动词的基本意义(1) > can, could、表示能力，意为“能，会"；could表示过去的能力，不表示是否做。, She can speak French fluently. 她能讲一 口 流利的法语。Our daughter could walk when she was nine old.我们的女儿九个月大时就会走路了。、can可用于肯定句中，表示客观或理论上的可能性。 He is confident a solution can be found. 他确信会找到解决方法。 An experienced teacher can make mistakes.一位有经验的老师也会犯错。 His demand is that the boy （should） go with them.他的要求是这个男孩和他们一起去。（表语从句） We agreed to the order that the task should be completed before5o' clock.我们都同意这个命令:在五点前完成这项任务。（同位语从句）Point 5在would rather后的宾语从句中，从句如果表示对现在或将来的虚拟，从句用一般过去时（be动词 一般用were）；如果表示对过去的虚拟，从句用过去完成时。 I would rather I left now.我宁愿现在离开。 I would rather you came next month.我宁愿你下个月来。 I would rather he had passed the exam我宁愿他已经通过了 考试。考向三、虚拟语气在其他句型中的应用Point 1虚拟语气用于as if/as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句虚拟语气从句谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式（be动词一般用were）与过去事实相反had+过去分词与将来事实相反would/ could/ might+动词原形 You treat them as if they were your parents.你对待他们如同他们是你的父母。（与现在事实相反） He acted as though nothing had happened.他表现得假设无其事。（与过去事实相反） They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.他们谈了又谈，好像永远不会再见面了。（与将来事实相反）【特别注意】当句子所表达的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，从句要用陈述语气。 It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像是在下雨。 .He talks as if he is drunk.从他谈话的样子来看他像是醉了Point 2在It，s（high/aboiit）time（that）句型中，that引导的定语从句通常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用过去式（did）或“ Shoilld+动词原形"（Should不能省略），意为“该是的时候了” Jack is a great talker. It*s high time that he did/should do something instead of just talking.杰克是一个夸夸其谈的是时候他应该去做点什么而不是仅仅空谈了。 It is time that you went/should go to bed, Tom. 汤姆，你该去睡觉 了。Point 3虚拟语气用于if only引导的条件句或感叹句虚拟语气从句谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式或（be动伺用were）与过去事实相反had+过去分词与将来事实相反would/ could/ might-+动词原形 If only I were younger now!要是现在我年轻一些该多好啊!（与现在事实相反） If only you had worked with greater care! 要是你更细心地工作该多好啊!（与过去事实相反） If only I could go to the moon one day! 要是我有一天能到月球上该多好啊!（与将来事实相反）【特别注意】only if：意为“只有（才）'引导条件状语句，不用虚拟语气。 I told him he would succeed only if he tried hard. 我告诉他，只要他努力就会成功。经典好题1. My key isn't in my backpack. Where on earth I have put it?A. canB.wouldC. shouldD.must2. When he was at college, he go to that coffee shop to do a part-time job every weekend.A. mustB.shouldC. mightD.would3. 一 It's really a pity that you didn't go to see Frozen II last night.I, but I had to prepare for the coming exam.A. would like to B. ought toC. would have D. should have4. We'll make the final decision on our scheme.you change your mind, please inform us as soon as possible.A. ShouldB. WereC. WouldD. Had5. . Why didn't you tell me there was no meeting today? I all the way here through the heavy snow.A. needn't have drivenB. couldn't have drivenC. should have drivenD. must have driven6. Frankly speaking, I am not sure whether I this in the old days with that kind of equipment, whichlooks quite odd and ridiculous.A. should have done B. need have done C. would have done D. must have done（2021 年天津卷）一I honestly don't think Fm going to be admitted.-Well, you never know! You a better impression than you think.A. may have madeshould have madeB. couldn't have madeneedn't have madeL单句语法填空How I wish every family（have） a large house with a beautiful garden. （2020.3 北京四中调研）1. They would（kill） him if he had not defended himself. （2020.3 大庆铁人中学模拟）They set off for the destination too late; otherwise they wouldn't（stick） in the storm. （2020 可匕开E 台一中一模）2. Tom recommended me that I（accept） the invitation. （2020.5 衡水二中模拟）The old man treated the boy as if he his own son. （2020.6 合肥一中集训）3. The manager required that the work（finish） before Friday. （2020.4 哈三中模拟）Only when the results came out did he realize that he should（devote） himself to his studies, but it was too late. （2020.5 石家庄二中模拟）4. If it were not for the fact that you（be） ill, I would ask you to do this right now. （2020.6 沈阳集训）Without your timely help, I couldn't（finish） the task ahead of time. （2020.6 天津南开中学押题卷）5. The woman stood by the river still as if she（turn） into a stone. （2020.6 秦皇岛一中考前押题卷）I（abandon） my dream of becoming a pianist, but for the encouragement from that music teacher. （2020江苏扬州高三期中调研）6. Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam（is） at the age of six months. （2020 黑龙江大 庆铁人中学期中）How impressive China's 70th anniversary of National Day parade is!一Definitely. If only I（be） on the scene! （2020 江苏无锡期中）According to the school rules, no child be allowed out of school, unless accompanied by his or herown parents. （2019江苏南通中学高三模考）You（do） something great, otherwise you wouldn't have got the promotion. （2019 1 匕京中央民族大 学附属中学高三检测）7. If you leave within 15 minutes, you park your car at the roadside temporarily. （2019 江苏扬州高三期中联考）8. 一Did you go to the party last night?一Yes, but Td rather I（go） there. It was so boring. （2019 江苏天一中学高三调研）Kelly foiled Mr. Brown's literature course. She have handed in the report earlier. （2019 北京海淀区高三期中）一Here you are. This is the hotel!一It's so close to the station. We have taken the taxi at all! （2019 天津滨海高三期中）Why did you throw the bottle out of the window? Somebody（hurt）. （2019 江苏苏州期中调研）9. I can't speak for everyone, but I speak for myself.10. Suddenly it occurred to me that I have left my suitcase in the taxi. But I was not sure.11. I（be） in the shade like all the other tourists, then I wouldn't have got burned.12. Your brother has been admitted to Nanjing University?一Yes, he deserves it. If I had worked as wisely, that（be） my destiny.13. If you have a cigarette, choose a seat in the first row of the smoking section.14. 一Did Justine realize his fault and do something to make up?一I wish that I could（have） that happen, but actually he still went his own way.15. They（reach） the agreement so easily without that common ground.16. Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths have fallen since theirhighest in 2005.17. I known about his financial situation, I would have helped him out.18. If you want to pry into other people's business, you not do it here, young man.真题冠L单项选择。1. （2021 天津）It used to be that you drive for miles here without seeing another person, but nowthere are houses and people everywhere.A. needB. shouldC. couldD. must（2020天津卷）Jim says we stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .A. mustB. canC. needD. should（2020江苏）If I hadn't been faced with so many barriers, I where I am.A. won't beB. wouldn't have been C. wouldn,t beD. shouldn't have been（2019天津）The professor warned the students that on no account use mobile phones in his class.A. should theyB. they shouldC. dare theyD. they dare（2019江苏）What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we a good time together.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. had had（2019天津卷）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they the task in half the time.A. accomplishedB. had accomplishedC. would accomplishD. would have accomplished（2018天津）I can't find my purse. I it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.A. should leaveB. must have leftC. might leaveD. could have left（江苏2018） It's strange that he have taken the books without the owner's permission.A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. might（江苏 2018） There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I a second chance to become moreinvolved.A. hadB. will haveC. would have had D. have had（2018.）匕京卷）In today's information age, the loss of data cause serious problems for a company.A. needB. shouldC. canD. must.（2018江苏）Thank you fbr all your hard work last week. I don't think we it without you.A. can manageB. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed. （20174匕京卷）Samuel, the tallest boy in our class,easily reach the books on the top shelf.A. mustB. shouldC. canD. need13（2017天津）My room is a mess, but I clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.A. daren'tB. shouldn'tC. needn'tD. mustn't（2017天津）一Do you have Betty's phone number?一Yes. Otherwise, I able to reach her yesterday.A. hadn't beenB. wouldn't have beenC. weren'tD. wouldn't be15（2016天津）It was really annoying; 1 get access to the data bank you had recommended.A. wouldn'tB. couldn'tC. shouldn'tD. needn't（2016浙江）Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths since theirhighest in 2005.A. had not fallen B. would not fallC. did not fall D. would not have fallen（2016"折江）George too far. His coffee is still warm.A. must have gone B. might have goneC. can't have gone D. needn't have gone（2016匕京）1 love the weekend, because I get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.A. needn'tB. mustn'tC. wouldn'tD. shouldn't（2015天津）I have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are veryfriendly to me.A. mightn'tB. mustn'tC. needn'tD. couldn't（2015四川）You be careful with the camera. It costs!A. mustB. mayC. canD. will（2015福建）一Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.一Oh, it's too bad. You have made full preparations.A. mustB. canC. wouldD. should（2015陕西）You feel all the training a waste of time, but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'llbe grateful you did it.A. shouldB. needC. shallD. may（2015重庆）You be Carol. You haven't changed a bit after all these years.A. mustB. canC. willD. shall24（2015浙江）11 was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.A. couldn'tB. shouldn'tC. mustn'tD needn't25.Can't you stay a little longer?It's getting late. I really go now. My daughter is home alone.A .mayB .canC. mustD .dare2.以下各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。41 .（2020 全国 I） I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.42 .（2018 全国 II） As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not to let me.43 .（2015 天津）1 wish I have been at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.44 .（2015 . 安徽）It is lucky we booked a room, or we would have had nowhere to stay now.45 . Must I have a word with you? It won*t take long.46 .I ve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.Do you mean we mustn't bring anything with us?47 . It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, would bring me food.1. .1 still remember my happy childhood when my mother will take me to Disneyland at weekends.49. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they would come to our help.50. My mom suggested that we will eat out for a change this weekend.51. If he had spent more time practicing English before, he wouldn't have be able to speak it much better nowEye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam is at the age of six months old.52. The children must have lost in the woods; otherwise they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.53. Since nobody gave him any help, he should have done the research on his own.54. Don't handle the vase as if it is made of steel.、表示请求或允许。在疑问句中,could可以代替can,语气更委婉，但回答时要用can。 一Can/ Could I use your bike tomorrow morning?Yes, you can. -明天上午我可以用你的自行车吗?-是的，可以。表示可能性，意为“可能”，can多用于否认句和疑问句中，could不受限。can比could语气强。He can*t be our manager. Our manager has gone to Beijing.他不可能是我们经理。我们经理已经去北京了。、表示惊异、怀疑、迷惑等态度，常用于否认句和疑问句中。 How can you treat me like that?你怎么能那样对我？、用于固定习语中:canttoo/enough（无论也不过分；越越好）；carf but do sth.（不得不做某事，只好 做某事）；can* t help doing sth（禁不住做某事）。 I can* t thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.我非常感谢你在我们不在家时帮助我的儿子。 One cannot but admire her determination.人们不得不佩服她的决心。（2）、may、might、表示请求或许可。在疑问句中,might可以代替may,语气更加委婉。 一Might I ask for a picture of your little daughter?-Yes, you may-我可以要一张你小女儿的照片吗?-是的，可以、表示可能性，意为“或许，可能”，通常用于肯定句和否认句中，might比may语气弱。-1 don't really like James.Why did you invite him?-Don't worry. He might not come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were.我真的不喜欢詹姆斯。你为什么邀请他?一别担忧，他或许不会来。他说他还不能确定他的计划。、may可表示祝愿，常用结构为“May+主语+动词原形!”May you be happy every day!愿你快乐每一天！、用于固定短语中:may/ might as well+动词原形（不妨，还是.为好）；may/ might well+动词原形（可台9 、 目匕） You may/ might as well tell him the truth.你不妨告诉他事实吧。 He may/ might well stay in Beijing now.他现在可能待在北京。(3)、must> have to、表示义务，意为“必须，must强调说话人的主观看法，have to那么强调客观需要；在回答带有must的问 句时，否认式常用 need not( needn't)或 don* t have to,而不是用 must not. We must act as quickly as possible now. Just tell us whether/ if you can undertake the task or not.现在我们必须尽快采取行动。你就告诉我们你能否承当这项任务。 I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital.我现在不得不走了，因为我母亲在住院。、must用来表示推测，意为“一定”,只能用在肯定句中。 You must be hungry after a long walk.长途跋涉之后，你一定饿了。 Someone must have used my umbrella yesterday. I found it wet.昨天一定有用 了我的雨伞，我发现它湿了。、must意为“偏要，非要不可”。 If you must have a cigarette, choose a seat in the first row of the smoking section.如果你非要吸烟的话，去吸烟区的第一排找个座位。、mustn't表示禁止，意为“不得，不允许；一定不要”。You mustn't play with the knife, or you may hurt yourself.你千万不要玩刀,否那么会伤到自己的。(4)、shall、用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话者征求对方的意见。 Shall we begin our new lesson today? 我们今天开始上新的一课好吗？ Shall he come in now? 要不要让他现在进来？、用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话者的命令、警告、威胁、允诺、决心等。 You shall be punished for what you have done.你必须为你的所作所为受到惩罚。、用于条约、规定、法令、法律等，意为“必须”。One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school. 我们有一条规定,那就是每名学生在校期间都必须穿校服。(5)、should、ought to、should表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。 We should be strict with ourselves.我们应该严格要求、should表示出乎意料的口气，意为“竟然,居然” Such a gentleman should do that.这样一位绅士竟然会做那种事。、ought to表示义务，意为“应该"，语气比should略重。 You ought not to be so selfish.你不应该这么 自私。should和ought to表示推测，指合乎理想的情况或结果，意为“按说应该”。 Try phoning Roberthe should be home by now.给罗伯特打个 试试，他现在应该到家了(6)、will、would、与各种人称连用，用于陈述句中，表示主语的意志、意愿或决心。will指现在，would指过去。 I will never talk to him again.我再也不愿意和他说话了。 Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but wouldn't say where he was.几天后，我的哥哥打 说他一切都好，但是他不愿说他在哪儿。、表示征求意见或提出请求，多用于第二人称疑问句中。would比win语气委婉。 Will/ Would you close the window?请把窗户关上好吗？、表示习惯性动作、固有属性或必然趋势，意为“总是；习惯于"。will指现在，would指过去。Fish will die without water.没有水，鱼会死的。When we worked in the same firm several years ago, we would often go to the cinema together.几年前我们在同一家公司工作时，我们常常一起去电影院看电影。(7)、need、dare、need既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词；作情态动词时，表示“需要。常用于否认句和疑问句中。needn't 表示“不必“；对need引出的一般疑问句作肯定回答时用must而不用need,作否认回答时用needn*to I needn*t use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.我不必用闹钟来叫醒自己，因为每天早上六点都有火车从我家旁边经过。、dare既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词；作情态动词时，表示“敢，胆敢”，后跟动词原形，常用于疑问 句、否认句和条件句中。 I am so afraid that I dare not move.我吓得一动也不敢动情态动词+ have done"的用法、must have done表示对过去已发生动作的肯定推测，意为“想必/一