2023年高考英语复习讲练测第14讲 阅读理解词义猜测题（测）（全国通用解析版）.docx

2023年高考英语复习讲练测第14讲阅读理解同义猜想题（测）时间：45分钟总分值：50分阅读理解（每题2分，共50分）A（2017全国高考真题）Julie boergers, Ph. D a sleep expert from the Bradley Hasbro Children's Research Center, recently led a study connecting later school start times to improved sleep and mood in teens."Sleep deprivation is common among teenagers, with potentially serious impacts on mental and physical health, safety and learning.Early high school start times contribute to this problem, nsaid Boergers.nIn this study, we looked at whether a delay in school start time would change students* sleep patterns, sleepiness, mood and caffeine（咖啡因）use.nBeorgers* team conducted the School Sleep Habits survey among boarding students attending an independent high school both before and after their school start time was experimentally delayed from 8 to 8:25 a.m.during the winter term.The delay in school start time led to a significant increase （29 minutes）in sleep duration on school nights, with the percentage of students receiving eight or more hours of sleep on a school night jumping from 18 to 44 percent The research found that younger students and those sleeping less at the start of the study were most likely to benefit from the timetable change.Daytime sleepiness, low mood and caffeine use were all significantly reduced after the delay in school start time.The later school start time had no effect on the number of hours students spent doing homework, playing sports or taking part in activities outside class. And once the earlier start time changed back during the spring term, teens reverted（恢复）back to their original levels.Beorgers said that these findings are important for public policy.nThe result of this study add to a growing body of research showing important health benefits of later school start times for adolescents,n she said, n and we have students who are more alert（机敏的），happier, better prepared to learn, and aren't dependent on caffeine and energy drinks just to stay awake in class.nWhat does the underlined phrase "this problem1' in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Lack of sleep.B. Mental health.C. Students* safety.D. Taking energy drinks.1. What happened when school start time was delayed?A. Students had less time playing sports.B. Young students became sleepier.C. More students slept longer.D. Students got a bad mood.2. Why is the study of later school start time important A. It helps form good habits.在城市街道上，我们的智能手机正在从一种语言翻译成另一种语言）可知，人工智能在我们生活中用处十分 广泛。由此推知，划线词所在句意为“某些形式的人工智能确实正在变得无处不在。即划线词与D选项 “Present everywhere.（在任何地方存在）”意思接近。应选D项。23. A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段 AGT could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems（AGI 的倡导者说,AGI 可以 24 小时为我们工作, 并利用所有可用的数据，可以提出许多问题的解决方案）可知，AGI（通用人工智能）的倡导者认为，AGI（通 用人工智能）可以提出许多问题的解决方案，帮助我们解决问题。因此，A选项“Help to tackle problems（帮 助解决问题）”符合题意。应选A项。24. B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段 Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an "ultra-intelligent machine.that can far surpass all the intellectual （智力的）activities of any man, however clever."（自从人工智能的早期，想象力已经超过了可能。1965年，一位富有想象力的数学家欧文古德预言, 最终将创造出一台“超智能机器它将远远超过任何一个人的智力活动，无论他有多聪明。”）可知，作者 认为Irving Good对“超智能机器”的想象力超出了实现的可能，作者并不赞成他的观点，因此B项 “disapproving（不赞成）”符合题意。应选B项。25. A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句 And, having spoken to many of the world's foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever.（而且，在与世界 上许多顶尖的人工智能研究人员交谈后，我相信有充分的理由怀疑我们是否会很快看到AGI）可推断出，通 用人工智能（AGI）或许只是一个梦想，A选项“It may be only a dream（它也许仅仅是一个梦想）”符合题意。 应选择A项。B. It relates to what students learn.C. It increases students' learning interest.D. It may have an effect on a public policy.4. Where can we possibly read this type of article?A. A science journal.B. A history book.C. A fashion magazine.D. A school yearbook.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项研究，研究发现：如果推迟上课时间的话，学生就会有更长 的睡眠时间，这对于学生的身心开展是至关重要的。1. A【解析】词义猜想题。由第二段第一句"Sleep deprivation is common among teenagers, with potentially serious impacts on mental and physical health, safety and learning."（睡眠剥夺在青少年中很常见，对身心健 康、平安和学习都有潜在的严重影响。）可知，在青少年中缺乏睡眠是很常见的。再由下文“Early high school start times contribute to this problem”（高中上课时间早导致了这个问题。）可知，“上课时间早”就是造成这 一问题的原因，因此this problem就是指上文中的“缺乏睡眠”。应选A项。2. C【解析】细节理解题。由第三段第二句"The delay in school start time led to a significant increase （29 minutes）in sleep duration on school nights, with the percentage of students receiving eight or more hours of sleep on a school night jumping from 18 to 44 percent.” （学校上课时间的延迟致使学生夜晚睡眠时间的显著增力口（29 分钟），每个晚上获得8小时或更长睡眠时间的学生比例从18%跃升到44%。）可知，如果推迟开始上课 时间，就有更多的学生有更长的睡眠时间。应选C项D【解析】细节理解题。由最后一段第一句"Beorgers said that these findings are important for public policy. （Beorgers说这些发现对公共政策很重要。）可知，这些发现对于公共政策是重要的。这些发现就是对“学 校上课时间推迟”的研究，之所以重要，就是它对公共政策可能会产要影响。应选D项3. A【解析】推理判断题。通篇阅读，文章介绍的研究主题是：如果推迟开始上课的时间的话，学生就会 有更长的睡眠时间，这对于学生的身心开展是至关重要的。由主题可知，文章是有关睡眠生理科学的。因 此有可能在科学研究的杂志上看到。A. A science journal.科学杂志；B. A history book.历史书；C. A fashion magazine.时尚杂志；D. A school yearbook.学校年鉴。应选A项。B（2013四川高考真题）Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting（收缩）and pumping blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said: "Our Study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfinkel said, "The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see - and guide whether we see fear. To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner（扫描仪）to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear.“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain 'speak' to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear, Dr Garfinkel said.“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”What is the finding of the study?A. One's heart affects how he feels fear.B. Fear is a result of one's relaxed heartbeat.C. Fear has something to do with one's health.D. One's fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.6. The study was carried out by analyzing .A. volunteers9 heartbeats when they saw terrible picturesB the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditionsC. volunteers9 reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scansdifferent pictures shown to volunteers and their heart-brain communication7. Which of the following is closest in meaning to "mechanism“ in Paragraph 6?A. Order.B. System.C. Machine.D. Treatment.8. This study may contribute to .A. treating anxiety and stress better.B , explaining the cycle of fear and anxietyC , finding the key to the heart-brain communication D. understanding different fears in our hearts and heads【语篇解读】本文属于科普文，介绍了心脏与恐惧的关系。通过两次试验，研究者发现这两者之间的关系, 同时借助这一发现，研究者希望能够减轻或者治疗恐惧和压力所带来的诸多问题。5. A【解析】细节理解题。Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting"攵缩）and pumping blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed.”对健康志愿者的测试发现，与心跳放松时相比，他们在 心脏收缩并向身体周围泵血的时刻更容易感到恐惧。由此可知，一个人的心脏影响他对恐惧的感觉。应选 A项。6. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句"The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.”这项研究测试了 20名健康的志愿者，当他们看到恐惧的脸 时，他们对恐惧的反响。以及第五段第一句"To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner（扫描仪）to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person*s feeling of fbar.”为 了进一步了解这种关系，科学家们还使用了脑部扫描仪来显示大脑是如何影响心脏改变人的恐惧感的。由 此可知，这项研究是通过分析志愿者对可怕图片和大脑扫描数据的反响来进行的。应选C项。7. B【解析】词句猜想题。从后面的句子：by which the heart and brain 'speak5 to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear,”可知通过这个机制，心脏和大脑可以相互，说话，来改变我们的感受，减少恐惧。所以划线 词的意思是“机制”的意思。应选B项。8. A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.“可知，我们希望，通过 增加我们对如何处理恐惧以及如何减少恐惧的理解，我们也许能够开发出更成功的治疗焦虑症的方法，同 时也为那些可能患有严重压力障碍的人开发出更成功的治疗方法。由此判断出这个研究可以有助于更好的 治疗焦虑和压力。应选A项。C（2013山东高考真题）Sparrow is a fast-food chain with 200 restaurants. Some years ago, the group to which Sparrow belonged was taken over by another company. Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining, the chain was generally in an unhealthy state. With more and more fast-food concepts reaching the market, the Sparrow menu had to struggle for attention. And to make matters worse, its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.Sparrow failed to grow for another two years. Until a new CEO, Carl Pearson, decided to build up its market share. He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away from them. Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign.Pearson faced a battle over the future of the Sparrow brand. The chain's owner now favored rebranding Sparrow as Marcy's restaurants. Pearson resisted, arguing fbr an advertising campaign designed to convince customers that visits to Sparrow restaurants were fun. Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time. Pearson strongly believed that numbers were the key to success, rather than customers' speeding power. Finally, the owner accepted his idea.The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fast-food industry. The TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars. Instead of showing the superiority of a specific product, the intention was to put Sparrow in the hearts of potential customers.Pearson also made other decisions which he believed would contribute to the new Sparrow image. For example, he offered to lower the rent of any restaurants which achieved a certain increase in their turnover （营业 额）.These efforts paid off, and Sparrow soon became one of the most successful fast-food chains in the regions where it operated.9. Which was one of the problems Sparrow faced before Pearson became CEO? A. The number of its customers was decliningIts customers found the food unhealthyB. It was in need of financial supportMost of its restaurants were closed10. What does the underlined word "them" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Customers of Sparrow restaurantsB. Sparrow restaurantsC. Customers of other fast-food chainsD. other fast-food chains11. For what purpose did Pearson start the advertising campaign? A. To build a good relationship with the publicB. To stress the unusual tradition of Sparrow C. To lean about customers9 spending power. D. To meet the challenge from Marcy's restaurants.12 . The TV ads of Sparrow.A. changed people's views on pop starsamused the public with original songsC , focused on the superiority of its products D. influenced the eating habits of the audience 13. What was Pearson9s achievement as a CEO?A. He managed to pay off Sparrow's debts.B. He made Sparrow much more competitiveHe helped Sparrow take over a companyC. He improved the welfare of Sparrow employees【语篇解读】本文为一篇记叙文。主要讲述了 Sparrow快餐店的CEO Carl Pearson在Sparrow经营不善的 情况下，采用了一种新的广告宣传方式，与顾客之间建立了一种积极的关系，吸引了潜在的顾客，使它最 终成为了最著名的快餐连锁店之一。本文旨在告诉读者新颖的经营理念决定着企业的命运。9. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的第三句"Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining”可知 Sparrow的业绩并没下降，因此选项A“它的顾客数目在下降，是错误的;“它的顾客发现食物不健康”以及“它 的大局部餐馆被关闭”在文中并未提及；而根据第一段最后一句"its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.（它的新主人没有计划给它所需的资金）”可知Sparrow需要财政支持，应选C项。10. D【解析】词义猜想题。画线单词 them 前面提到"He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away from them.（他做了一项调查，说明已经使用过麻雀餐厅的消费者对这家连锁店抱有积 极的态度，而其他快餐连锁店的顾客那么不愿意离开它们）”可知，Sparrow已有的顾客对连锁店抱着积极的态 度，而其他快餐店的顾客不愿意离开别的快餐店，由此可知them指代的是“其他的快餐连锁店。应选D 项。11. A 解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual fbr that time."可知 Pearson 发动广告宣传的目的是为了与公众建 立一种良好的关系。句中的positive与选项A中的good对应，应选A项。12. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars.”可知广告是靠新颖的原创歌曲来吸引人的，应选项B为答案。 第四段中的第一句指的是改变了传统的广告模式，而不是改变了人们对流行明星的看法，因此选项A是错 误的；根据第四段的最后一句"Instead of showing the superiority of a specific product.”可知选项C “注重产品 的优势”是错误的；选项D“影响了观众的饮食习惯”在文中未提及。应选B项。13. 推理判断题。根据最后两段中的内容，Pearson又作出了其他决定，树立了 Sparrow的新形象，他的努 力获得了成功，Sparrow成了最成功的快餐连锁店之一，可知Pearson的成就是使Sparrow更有竞争力了， 故答案为B。选项A“他设法还清了 Sparrow的债务”，选项C“他帮助Sparrow接管了一家公司”以及选项D“他 提高了 Sparrow员工的福利”在文中均未提及。应选B项。D（2015全国高考真题）My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money fbr my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn't fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off fbr the night. Fortunately, I didn't got any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static （静电）noise. For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually, this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it. I had to change to another channel and then change it back. Sometimes this technique would not work, and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles （肌肉）shaking