2022年新概念第一册知识点总结讲解 .docx

精品_精品资料_新概念第一册 学问点总结（全）名词名词包括可数名词和不行数名词,可数名词有单复数变化.不行数名词没有.可数名词单数变复数规章：1) 单数名词加 s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.2) 以 s、 x、 sh、ch 结尾的名词加 es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches. 3以辅音字母加y 结尾的名词,变 y 为 i 加 es: cities, babies, enemies.4) 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词,多数变f 为 v 加 es: wives, knives. 但有些词只加s: roofs, proof s, chiefs.5) 以 o 结尾的名词,有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.其它加 s: radios, zoos, pianos, photos.6) 不 规 就 名 词 ： foot feet, goose geese, tooth teeth, child children, man men, woman women, sheep sheep, deer deer, mouse mice.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_代词第 一 人 称第 二 人称第三 人称可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_单数复数单数复数单数复数人主 格Iweyouyouhesheitthey称代宾 格meusyouyouhimheritthem词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_物形 容主词性代名 词词性myouryouryourhisheritstheir mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_I. 人称代词 :人称代词又分为主格和宾格形式.主格通常做主语.宾格通常做动词或介词的宾语 .Eg:a.I m a nurse.b.Could you help me .II. 物主代词又分为形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词.形容词性的物主代词:相当于形容词 ,后面要跟名词 ,指定名词的所属对象.名词性的物主代词:相当于一个名词 ,必需单独使用,后面不能再跟名词.Eg:a. Your school is small, mine is big.=my school可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_b. This is not your pen. Yours is on the desk.=your pen时态一、一般现在时：概念：常常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况.时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week day, year, month , once a week, on Sundays基本结构： be 动词. 行为动词否定形式： am/is/are+not; 此时态的谓语动词如为行为动词,就在其前加 don't,如主语为第三人称单数,就用doesn't,同时 仍原 行为动词.一般疑问句： 把 be 动词放于句首. 用助动词 do 提问,如主语为第三人称单数,就用 does,同时,仍原行为动词.My father is a doctor. Tom isn t at home. Are they policemen.I often get up at 7 o clock every morning. He doesn t like apples.Do you always read before going to bed. What do you usually do on Sundays.一般现在时句中,假如主语是第三人称时,动词要变第三人称单数,变化规章如下：1) 一般情形下,动词后面直接加-s. 例如：works gets says reads2) 以 s, x , ch, sh 或 o 结尾的动词,在后面加-es. 例如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_goes teaches washes3) 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词,把 y 变为 i 再加 -es. 例如： studies tries carries特别情形：动词 have 的第三人称单数是 has.例如： He has an interesting book.二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态.过去习惯性、常常性的动作、行为.时间状语： ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last weekyear, night,month , in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, the otherday, long long ago, once upon a time,.基本结构： be 动词. 行为动词否定形式： was/were+not; 在行为动词前加 didn't ,同时 仍原 行为动词.一般疑问句： was 或 were 放于句首. 用助动词 do 的过去式 did 提问, 同时仍原行为动词.I was at my mother s last week.Once upon a time, there was a beautiful girl whose name was Snow White. Lucy went to America five months ago.I didn t go to the cinema last night.Did Lily dance at the party. What did you do yesterday. 动词的过去式变化：be 动词： am/is-was are-were规章动词：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1. 直接在词尾加 -ed.如 : want wanted, work worked, need needed, clean cleaned2. 以不发音的 e 结尾的在词尾加 -d.如： like liked, live lived, use used, move moved3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加 -ed.如： stop stopped, trip tripped4. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词, 先把 y 变成 i,再加 -ed.如：study studied, carry carried, hurry hurried, marry married不规章动词：Have-hadeat-atedrink-drankgo-wentcome-camesee-saw hear-heardput-putcut-cut等等三、现在进行时 ：概念：表示 此时此刻或现阶段正在 进行的动作及行为.时间状语： now, at this time, these days,基本结构： am/is/are+doing否定形式： am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句：把 be 动词放于句首.They are playing basketball on the playground. I am not reading anything.Is he waiting for the bus. What are you doing now. 动词 ing 形式的变化规章：1 一般情形下,直接在动词后加ingwork - workingsleep - sleepingstudystudying可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2 动词以不发音的 e 结尾,要去 e 加 ingtake - takingmake - makingdancedancing3 重读闭音节的动词,要双写词尾字母,再加ingcut - cuttingput - puttingbeginbeginning4 以 ie 结尾的动词,把变成y 再加 inglie - lyingtie - tyingdiedying四、过去进行时：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作.时间状语： at this time yesterday, at that time 或以 when 引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等.基本结构： was/were+doing否定形式： was/were + not + doing.一般疑问句：把 was 或 were 放于句首.I was listening to the radio at 7 this morning. He was cleaning the car when I arrived.What was he doing at this time yesterday.五、现在完成时：概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开头,连续到现在的动作或状态.时间状语： already, just,yet, since, for, . 基本结构： have/has + done否定形式： have/has + not +done.一般疑问句： have 或 has.He has lost his wallet.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_I have already had my lunch.David hasn t finished his homework yet. Have you seen this film.Mary has been a translator for 20 years. They have lived here since 1987.How long have you lived here.动词过去分词变化规章：规章动词：规章动词的过去分词变化规章与过去式变化规章相同,包括4条.1. 直接在词尾加 -ed.如 : want wanted, work worked, need needed, clean cleaned2. 以不发音的 e 结尾的在词尾加 -d.如： like liked, live lived, use used,move moved3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加 -ed.如： stop stopped, trip tripped4. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词, 先把 y 变成 i,再加 -ed.如：study studied, carry carried, hurry hurried, marry married不规章动词：需要特别记忆.Be 动词 -beenhave-hadgo-gonecome-comeeat-eatendrink-drunk等等六、过去完成时：概念：以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去 ”.时间状语： before, after.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_基本结构： had + done.否定形式： had + not + done.一般疑问句： had 放于句首.The bus had already left before I arrived at the station. He went to the park after he had finished his work.七、一般将来时：概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及准备、方案或预备做某事.时间状语： tomorrow, next dayweek,month, year ,soon, in a fewminutes, the day after tomorrow,基本结构： am/is/are going to + do . will + do.否定形式： am/is/are not going to + do . will not + do一般疑问句： be 放于句首. will 提到句首.My family are going to Beijing next week. It is going to rain.He will be 11 years old next year. We will leave in two hours.情态动词我们学过的情态动词有can, could, may, must, had better, have to情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后面跟动词原形.Can1, 表示才能, “能够 ”I can swim very well.He can t sing or dance.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2, 表示恳求, “可以 吗？ ”Can I help you.Can you give the glass to me, please.Could1, can 的过去式,表示过去的才能,“能够 ”He could climb the mountain 30 years ago, but now he can t.2, 表示恳求,比can 更加委婉客气,此时could 非 can 的过去式.Could you help me, please.Could you bring the book to me. Could I borrow your bike.May表示恳求,比can 稍加委婉客气. “可以 吗？ ”May I come in.May I use your pen.Must1, 表示 “必需 ”I must go now.You must finish your work before you leave the company.2, mustn表示t “禁止 ”Kate, you mustn t play with the knife, because it is too dangerous. You mustn t smoke in the classroom.Had better最“好 ”否定形式： had better notYou had better put on more clothes. It is cold outside.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_We d better leave at once. You had better not eat eggs.You d better not go out at this time.Have to不“得不 ”David has to take care of his litter sister because his parents are not at home. They have to stay at home because it is raining heavily outside.形容词的原级,比较级和最高级（一）规章变化：1. 绝大多数的单音节,词尾加-er , -est tall taller tallest2. 以不发音的e 结尾的单音节词只加 -r, -stnice nicer nicest ,able abler ablest 3以辅音字母加 y 结尾的双音节词,改y 为 i 再加 -er, -esteasy easier easiest 4只包含一个元音,并且以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加 -er, -estbig bigger biggesthot-hotter-hottest 5少数以 -er,-ow 结尾的双音节词末尾加 -er, -estclever cleverer cleverest,narrow narrower narrowest 6其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more, most 来构成比较级和最高级Beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful Expensive-more expensive-most expensive可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_（二）不规章变化常见的有：good / well better best ;bad /badly/ ill worse worst ; many / much more most ;little less least ;用法：1. 原级： as + 形容词原级 +as（否定为 not so/as + 形容词原级 +as） “和 一样”This room is as big as that one.I have as many books as you have. You are not as tall as I.2. 比较级 + than用于两者之间的比较 “比 更”This shirt is cheaper. He is older than I.Lucy is more beautiful than her sister.7 the + 最高级 + 比较范畴He is the tallest of the boys. He is the tallest in his class.This is the largest dress in the shop.I want the most expensive shoes.Have 用作实义动词时的用法.1. Have 作为 “有”的意思,表示某人 “拥有 ”某物.例如：Do you have a soccer ball. 你有一个足球吗；可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Does he have a ping-pong ball. 他有一个乒乓球吗；I have a new alarm clock.我有一个新的闹钟.Mary has two pen pals in Canada. 玛丽在加拿大有两个笔友.2. Have 有“吃、喝 ”的意思,有时相当于动词“ eat或”者 “ drink.”例如： I often have milk and eggs for breakfast. 我早饭常常喝牛奶吃鸡蛋.Do you usually have tea in the afternoon. 你通常下午喝茶吗？Tom usually has lunch at school every day.汤姆每天在学校吃午饭.3. Have 仍可以用来描述病情,构成诸如have a cold /have a toothache/ have a fever/have a sore back/have a pain in/on 等固定搭配,例如：-“ What s the matter你. 怎么”了？-“ I have a toothache. 我牙疼.”4. Have 与不定式符号 “ to构”成固定词组have to do something,用来表示义务必需做某事,其意思与must 相当.例如：-Jenny, can you come to my party on Sunday.珍妮,星期天能来参与我的聚会吗？- I d love to.我很愿意去.-How about you.你了？- I m sorry, I have to help my parents抱. 歉,我得照料我的父母.5. 我们仍常见到如下的固定搭配：have a walk /have a swim /have a rest /have a try/have a look at/ have a good time .比如：Let s lie down and have a res让t. 我们躺下休息一下吧常见的介词的用法On可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1. 在.上 （有接触点）There is a picture on the wall.over, on 表示 “在 上”之间的区分(1) over 指“在 正上方 ”,表示垂直上方,其反义词为under.如： The bridge is over the river.(2) on 表示 “在 上面 ”,与物体表面接触,与beneath 相对.如： There is a map on the wall.The earth felt soft beneath our feet.2. 指时间（ 1）在详细的某一天,如某日、某节日、星期几等.如： On May 4th, there will be a celebration.It will rain on Tuesday.（ 2）在详细某一天的早晨、下午或晚上.如：He arrived at 10 o clock on the night of the 5th.In1. 在.里面He is in the classroom.2. 表示的点,在 .My uncle lives in Shanghai. Life is difficult in America.2. 表示时间.（ 1）在某个较长的时间（如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等）内.如：in 2022, in March, in spring, in the morning, in the evening,等等（ 2）在一段时间之后. 一般情形下, 用于将来时, 谓语动词为瞬时动词, 意为 “在 以后 ”.如：He will arrive in two hours.At1. 指时间： 时间的一点、时刻等.如：They came home at ten o clock .另外留意一些固定搭配：at noon, at midnight, at night3. 指的点：在一些小的方.如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_At homeat the butcherat tshe dentistin the front of 是指某物 或某整体 内部的前部 ;attheshairdressers可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_in front of 指某物 或某整体 外部的前面 .例如：The teacher is standing in the front of the classroom. There is a tree in front of the house.Behind 在 后面The photo is behind the door.Under 在.下面Mary is sitting under the tree in the garden.Across 穿过 横渡 Don t walk across the roadwhen the traffic lights are red.Off从 离开Jump off the wall. Take off your coat. Into进Many children are going into the school.Out of出He run out of the house.英语中时间的表达方式1. 表示整点：时间 +o clock Seven o clock2、假如分钟在半小时以内（包括半小时） ,表示 “几点过几分 ”,句式为 “分钟 +past+小时 ”.如：eleven past seven3、假如分钟在半小时以上（不包括半小时） ,表示 “几点差几分 ”,句式为 “（ 60 分钟） +to+（小时 +1） ”,如：two to sevena quarter to eight4、quarter 意思是 “四分之一 ”,用在时间中表示 “一刻钟 , 15 分钟 ”. three quarter 表示 “三刻钟 ”即“ 45分钟 ”.不过,半小时可不是 two quarter. 而是“ half ”a quarter past eight 八点一刻可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_half past nine 九点半5、日常生活中用口语表达时间时,可以直接照书面数字读.如： 7:15 读作 seven fifteen11:30 读作 eleven thirty3:53 读作 three fifty-three6、时间后面的am 指上午. pm 就指下午.9.p.m 下午 9 点5.a.m 上午 5 点7、表达 “在几点几分 ”,用 at+时间.如：My father begins to work at eight.我的爸爸八点开头工作.英语中日期的表达方式（一）书写方面先看下面的两个例子：1. 1986 年 10 月 23 日 October 23rd, 19862. 1 月 17 日 January 17th, 2022从上面的例子可以看出,英语日期的表达与汉语不同.英语表达的次序为" 月、日、年 ".（二）朗读方面在朗读时, " 月份" 一般直接用英语读出. " 日"就要读成 "the +序数词 ". 读年份时,一般分为两个单位来读,前两个数为一个单位,后两个数为一个单位. 如：1982 年读作 nineteen eighty-two, 1900 年读作 nineteen hundred.假如是三位数,先读第一位,再把后两个数合起来读.如：984 年可读为 nine eighty-four,757 年读成 seven fifty-seven .另外,像 2022 年一般读成 two thousand,就读成 two thousand and one,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_以此类推, 应读成 two thousand and four .January 12th, 1993 读成 January the twelfth, nineteen ninety-three .留意：英语中月份和星期名称都是专出名词,它们的首字母必需大写 ,并且前面 无需用冠词 .用英语表示日期,其次序为“月日年 ”,日和年之间需用逗号隔开.如： August 2nd ,2022 8 月 2 日.也可以用 “日月年 ”来表示.如： 10th May , 2022 5 月 10 日.英语日期前介词的使用：如指在哪一年或哪一月,就用介词in ,如具体到某一天,就需用介词on不规章动词表原形过去式过去分词意义arisearosearisen显现bewas, werebeen是beatbeatbeaten击败becomebecamebecome成为beginbeganbegun开头bendbentbent弯曲betbetbet打赌bitebitbitten咬bleedbledbled流血blowblewblown打击breakbrokebroken打破bringbroughtbrought带来可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_broadcastbroadcastbroadcast广播buildbuiltbuilt建设burnburnt, burnedburnt, burned燃烧burstburstburst爆裂buyboughtbought购买cancould-可以catchcaughtcaught捕获choosechosechosen挑选comecamecome来costcostcost花费cutcutcut切dealdealtdealt处理digdugdug挖dodiddone做drawdrewdrawn画dreamt,dreamdreameddreamt, dreamed理想drinkdrankdrunk喝drivedrovedriven开车eatateeaten吃fallfellfallen下降feedfedfed饲养feelfeltfelt感觉fightfoughtfought战役可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_findfoundfound发觉flyflewflown飞foreseeforesawforeseen预见forgetforgotforgotten遗忘forgiveforgaveforgiven原谅freezefrozefrozen冻结getgotgot获得givegavegiven给gowentgone去growgrewgrown增长hanghung ,hangedhung, hanged挂have, hashadhad有hearheardheard听hidehidhidden隐匿hithithit击中holdheldheld举办hurthurthurt损害keepkeptkept保持knowknewknown知道laylaidlaid躺在leadledled领导learnlearnt, learnedlearnt, learned学习leaveleftleft离开lendlentlent借出可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_letletlet让lielaylain撒谎lightlit, lightedlit, lighted照亮loselostlost失去makemademade使maymight-可能meanmeantmeant意思meetmetmet见面misreadmisreadmisread误会mistakemistookmistaken错误misunderstamisunderstoodmisunderstood误会ndmustmust-必需paypaidpaid付putputput放readreadread读ridrid, riddedrid, ridded摆脱rideroderidden骑ringrangrung响riseroserisen上升runranrun跑saysaidsaid说seesawseen看seeksoughtsought寻求可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_sellsoldsold出售sendsentsent发送setsetset放置shakeshookshaken摇动shallshould-将shineshone, shinedshone, shined闪烁showshowedshowed, shown显示shutshutshut关闭singsangsung唱sinksank, sunksunk, sunken下沉sitsatsat坐sleepsleptslept睡觉smell