1362应用语言学试题A（开卷）-开放性考试试题-国家开放大学2022年7月期末考试复习资料.docx

1362应用语言学试题A (开卷)I. Choose the best answer to complete the following statements. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 items, 20 points, 2 points for each item)1. is an important characteristic of good instruction, that is, the program should be practical.A. Consistent instructionEfficient instructionB. Relevant instructionEffective instruction2. Psycholinguistics, as a(an)of cognitive science , has seen an enormous growth.A. major fieldsub-fieldB. irrelevant fieldsuperior field3. There are three parts in interlanguage EXCEPT.A. the correct part"L2 interference" partB. "LI interference" partthe fabricated part4. refers to the ability to understand and construct written texts of different genres, such as narratives, procedural texts, expository texts and others.A. Discourse competencePhonological competenceB. Functional competenceGrammatical competenceS. If a person applies the imperfect tense marker - ed to all verb forms, we call it.A. narrow categorisationinterference-pronenessB. broad categorisationlanguage ego1. To achieve the goals of peaking carbon emissions and subsequent carbon neutrality is one of China's major strategies, defined after careful consideration. This is a must-do in order to relieve the serious constraints imposed by resources and the environment on China's economic growth, and to achieve sustainable development. It is also a solemn commitment towards building a global community of shared future. China has incorporated this decision into its overall economic and social development, adopting a holistic approach and balancing the relationships between economic growth and emissions reduction, between overall and regional interests, and between short, medium, and long-term growth. Led by the green economic and social transition, China is focusing on green and low-carbon development of the energy sector, and accelerating the formation of industrial structures, production modes, ways of work and life and spatial configurations that help to conserve resources and protect the environment. It is fully committed to high-quality development that prioritize eco- environmental protection and green and low-carbon way of life.2. Carbon dioxide and other ordinary pollutants often come from the same sources, mainly from the burning and utilization of fossil fuels. Controlling the use of fossil fuels and consequently reducing carbon emissions have a lasting impact on the economic structure, energy mix, forms of transport, modes of production, and ways of life. It will boost high-quality development by pressing for the green transition of the economy; it will be conducive to mitigating climate change and the damage it causes to life, property, society, and the economy; it will facilitate the source control of pollution, achieving synergy between pollution and carbon reduction and improvement of the eco-environment; it will help conserve biodiversity and improve ecosystems. China sees pollution prevention and control as an integral part of the response to climate change. Through structural adjustment, optimized configuration, policy synergy and innovative mechanisms, efforts to reduce pollution and carbon emissions are planned and carried out in tandem, and the performance assessment of the two is also conducted jointly. Balancing environmental, climate and economic gains, China has found a unique path to reducing greenhouse gas emissions that conforms to its actual conditions.3. As the largest developing country, with a population of over 1.4 billion, China faces major challenges across a range of important areas including economic development, improving the people's lives, pollution control, and eco-environmental protection. In order to meet its targets in response to climate change, China has risen to these challenges and formulated and implemented a variety of strategies, regulations, policies, standards, and actions.4. Xi said the CPC has united and led the Chinese people over the past 100 years for one ultimate themebringing about the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.5. Due to ecological and environmental constraints, limitations imposed by the industrial structure, and the level of social and economic development, developing countries are generally weaker in terms of their ability to adapt to climate change, and are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change than developed countries. China is a climate sensitive region, and has witnessed a profound impact. Regarding adaptation as a major component in executing the national strategy for actively responding to climate change, the Chinese government has promoted and implemented major adaptation strategies, launching adaptation actions in key areas and sectors, and strengthening monitoring, early warning, and disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities.6. Which of the followings is NOT a form in positive transfer?A. simplificationavoidanceB. interferenceoveruseB. The should always be the central figure of languageteaching.A. language objectivelanguage learnerC. language experiencelanguage activity8.is the synchronic comparison of two languages.A. Contrastive linguisticsSociolinguisticsB. Second language acquisitionMultilingual linguistics9. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Teachers must adopt positive attitudes toward their subject matter, their students, their colleges, the program and themselves B. Teacher orientation means how to put initial information in various forms into the hands of teachersC. Teachers who feel isolated may spend a proportionate amount of time planning and preparing for classD. Teachers should not be defensive about monitoring and evaluating of their teachingIf a syllabus is organised primarily around grammar and sentence patterns, we call it a syllabus.A. situationalfunctionalB. structuraltopical10. Decide if the following statements are TRUE or FALSE according to what you have learned from the course book. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 items, 20 points, 2 points for each item)General corpus is a type of corpora that is assembled for a specific purpose, and varies in size and composition according to their purpose.()1. . Applied linguistics is not practice-oriented or question-driven. (). Conversation Analysis (CA) on institutional talk has implications for the design of syllabi, tasks, and materials for learning Language for Specific Purposes (LSP).()2. Syllabuses remain the same even if the practical constraints change in any given situation.()Teachers who feel isolated may spend a disproportionate amount of time planning and preparing for class.()3. Language teaching is the relatively limited set of activities involved in implementing a language curriculum at the classroom level.()Applied Linguistics is the study of the application of linguistics of language education in a narrow sense.()4. Testing is not a necessary step in the process of language teaching and plays an unimportant role in Applied Linguistics.()The number of sound segments in different languages is the same. ()5. The use of stylistics for English education focuses on the appreciation of literature and critical reading skills.()III. Define the terms: (5 items, 20 points, 4 points for each item)1. Language Teaching MethodologyDiscourse competence2. Cultural competenceLanguage mode3. Psycholinguisticsmainly concerns the relevant factors and elements to "teaching" such as program plan, syllabus design and leaner factors , etc.A. is the ability to understand behaviour from the standpoint of the cultural members and to behave in a way that would be understood by the members of the culture in the right way.B. is the study concerned with psychological aspects of language studies.C. mainly concerns the language teaching methods such as grammartranslation ,communicative language approach and so on.D. refers to a collection of naturally occurring examples of language from a few sentences to a set of written texts.E. refers to the ability to understand and construct written texts of different genres, such as narratives, procedural texts, expository texts)persuasive texts, descriptions and others.F. is the state of activation of the bilingual's languages and language processing mechanisms at a given point of time.G. is the ability to interpret the social meaning of utterance and to use language with the appropriate social meaning for the communication situation.IV. 10 KEY PHRASES MATCH THE SITUATION: (10 items, 20 points, 2 points for each item)10 key phrases in China's fight against COVID-19Since the COVID-19 outbreak began, China has made tremendous efforts to contain its spread. Now that China has largely controlled local transmission of the virus, let's go over some key terms from its fight against the contagion.1. Strong command system2. Lockdown3. Pairing assistance4. Makeshift hospitalsCombined use of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine5. Community-based epidemic prevention and control6. Information release7. Dynamic monitoring8. Universal participation9. Test, isolate and treatDoctors from Beijing check on a patient at Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, Hubei province, Feb 3, 2020. It is a national strategy in China for one province or a major city to provide assistance to a designated region in need of help.In the coronavirus outbreak, 19 provincial-level regions were paired with 16 cities in Hubei, excluding Wuhan, to offer dedicated point-to-point help fighting COVID-19. For Wuhan, resources were mobilized from across the country to help the city battle the epidemic.In total, more than 42,000 health workers in 340 medical aid teams were gathered from across the country, including those from the People's Liberation Army, to travel to Hubei to help their peers battle the disease.10. Communities are on the front line in prevention and control of the epidemic. Community workers have played a key role in curbing the infectious disease. They take the temperature of everyone entering a residential area and obtain the health details of those living in an area who have come from elsewhere. About 4 million people are working in some 650,000 communities nationwide. On average, six staff members serve one community, with one worker for about 350 people. In addition to disease control, community workers buy food and drugs for residents under home quarantine to ensure life continues as normally as possible.11. A pharmacist operates bottles containing extract particles used in traditional Chinese medicine in a mobile intelligent TCM pharmacy at a makeshift hospital treating COVID-19 in Wuhan on Feb 26, 2020. While there is still no specific medicine or vaccine to treat COVID-19, Chinese health experts explored remedies combining traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine. More than 70,000 patients, or over 90 percent of all confirmed cases on the mainland, have received TCM treatment. This has been effective in over 90 percent of cases, according to the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine.TCM could significantly relieve symptoms in COVID-19 patients, while preventing the condition worsening among those with mild symptoms, said Yu Yanhong, Party chief of the administration. Three TCM formulas and three medicines, including the Lianhua Qingwen capsule and the lung cleansing and detoxifying decoction, have proven effective in treating the infection, according to the administration.12. A man fetches fruit at the gate of a residential community in Wuhan, Hubei province, Feb 18, 2020.The people's active response to the government's call and their cooperation resulted in the entire society participating in the fight against the epidemic. Citizens' self-discipline and their willingness to sacrifice facilitated the smooth implementation of prevention and control measures. The public complied with measures such as staying at home, maintaining social distancing, wearing a mask and washing hands frequently, making the policies a reality.13. The Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council holds a press conference on COVID-19 on Feb 11, 2020. Since cases of pneumonia of an unknown origin were reported in Wuhan in late December, China has been sharing information about the virus with the international community in a timely fashion. On Jan 3, China began regularly informing the WHO and other countries and regions of the outbreak. On Jan 9, Chinese scientists confirmed the outbreak was caused by a new coronavirus and informed the WHO, which issued a technical guidance package online the next day, providing advice to all countries on how to detect and manage potential cases. On Jan 12, about two weeks after the first case was reported, China shared the genetic sequence of the novel coronavirus with the WHO and the international scientific community. On Jan 21, the NationalHealth Commission began issuing a daily report on COVID-19 numbers. And since Jan 27, the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council has been holding a daily news briefing on the outbreak, and local government representatives in Hubei and other areas also meet the media every day to promptly release information and knowledge about the virus to reassure the public.14. President Xi Jinping inspects the Beijing Ditan Hospital, a designated institution treating the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) in Beijing, Feb 10, 2020.After the outbreak emerged, China established a quasi-wartime work mechanism led by the country's top leader. Since Jan 25, President Xi Jinping, also general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, chaired 10 meetings of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, three meetings of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, and gave clear instructions on epidemic prevention and control work.On Jan 25, a leading group for epidemic control, headed by Premier Li Keqiang, was set up by the CPC Central Committee. Two days later a central government work group, headed by Vice-Premier Sun Chunlan, arrived in Wuhan to guide epidemic control work in Hubei. In addition, a joint working mechanism comprising 32 central government departments was established to promote coordination among various departments for epidemic control and prevention work.15. A customs worker checks an inbound passenger's temperature in Shenzhen, South China's Guangdong province, April 3, 2020.China promoted an epidemic control and prevention strategy with tailored measures for different areas, and all county-level areas were categorized as low-risk, medium-risk or high-risk based on their population and degree of epidemic prevalence. Health QR codes, which serve as permits for holders to make trips, were used to precisely collect data on epidemic control. The codes come in three colors: A green code means little chance of infectio