中考英语作文专题讲解.ppt
中考中的书面表达题,主要有中考中的书面表达题,主要有“补全对话补全对话”、“看图填词看图填词”、“看图写话看图写话”、“看图作答看图作答”、“看图完成短文看图完成短文”、“看图完成句子看图完成句子”和和“根据根据提示的内容,完成某项写作提示的内容,完成某项写作”等形式。这类题型等形式。这类题型的考试目的在于:通过书面形式测试考生口头会的考试目的在于:通过书面形式测试考生口头会话和作简单书面表达的能力。话和作简单书面表达的能力。下面作一简单介绍:下面作一简单介绍:一、测试要点一、测试要点 一般说来,测试的主要内容都是以日常生活一般说来,测试的主要内容都是以日常生活 为背景,进行简单的会话或写作。例如:为背景,进行简单的会话或写作。例如:问候、问候、问路、看病、打电话、购物、自我介绍等功能意问路、看病、打电话、购物、自我介绍等功能意念项目和简单的应用文念项目和简单的应用文,例如:便条、通知、短,例如:便条、通知、短信等。一个题目写信等。一个题目写1010个左右的句子,字数为个左右的句子,字数为8080100100个左右。个左右。二、日常训练与应试注意事项二、日常训练与应试注意事项 1.1.平时要注意句型与对话的学习,注意听说训平时要注意句型与对话的学习,注意听说训练,积极参与听说训练的教学活动,以达到会话练,积极参与听说训练的教学活动,以达到会话相当熟练的程度。相当熟练的程度。2.2.在会话中,注意常在情景中使用的习惯用语、在会话中,注意常在情景中使用的习惯用语、套语的归纳和应用,做到脱口而出,应对如流。套语的归纳和应用,做到脱口而出,应对如流。3.3.注意口语与书面语的区别及一些特殊的表达方注意口语与书面语的区别及一些特殊的表达方法,做题时一定要瞻前顾后,既要看到前面的内法,做题时一定要瞻前顾后,既要看到前面的内容,又要看到后面的语句;既要符合习惯用法,容,又要看到后面的语句;既要符合习惯用法,又要注意表达的准确性。又要注意表达的准确性。4.4.要经常进行日常应用文和命题作文的学习与要经常进行日常应用文和命题作文的学习与训练。训练。如何学习写英语作文。如何学习写英语作文。一、围绕中心,拟定提纲一、围绕中心,拟定提纲我们在进行写作时,要根据短文的中心思想考虑我们在进行写作时,要根据短文的中心思想考虑如何开头、展开和结尾,设想几个承上启下的连如何开头、展开和结尾,设想几个承上启下的连词。将主要句型、关键词语草草记下,形成提纲,词。将主要句型、关键词语草草记下,形成提纲,写时切忌结构分散,废话连篇,严重跑题。英语写时切忌结构分散,废话连篇,严重跑题。英语作文,内容广泛,题材多样,要弄清写作的要求作文,内容广泛,题材多样,要弄清写作的要求是写人、叙事、介绍、通知、评论、图表、书信、是写人、叙事、介绍、通知、评论、图表、书信、日记、通知、便条还是看图作文或改写缩写。如日记、通知、便条还是看图作文或改写缩写。如果是日记,要写明(年、)月、日和天气情况,果是日记,要写明(年、)月、日和天气情况,如果是书信,则要注意书信的格式,注意短文字如果是书信,则要注意书信的格式,注意短文字数不要低于或超过规定的字数太多。数不要低于或超过规定的字数太多。二、语言通顺,表达准确二、语言通顺,表达准确 、避免使用汉语式英语,尽量使用自己熟悉、避免使用汉语式英语,尽量使用自己熟悉的句型。几种句型可交替使用,以避免重复和呆的句型。几种句型可交替使用,以避免重复和呆板。板。、多用简单句型,记事、写人一般都不需要、多用简单句型,记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型。可适当多使用陈述句、一般疑问句、复杂的句型。可适当多使用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。不用或少用非谓语或情态动词祈使句和感叹句。不用或少用非谓语或情态动词等较复杂的句型。等较复杂的句型。、注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。、注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。语态、时态要准确无误。语态、时态要准确无误。主谓语要一致。主语的人称和数要和谓语一致。主谓语要一致。主语的人称和数要和谓语一致。注意人称代词的宾格形式。注意人称代词的宾格形式。注意冠词用法,例如:注意冠词用法,例如:He is an honest student.He is an honest student.中的中的 an an 不能写成不能写成 a a。标点符号特别注意汉英的不同。例如:标点符号特别注意汉英的不同。例如:汉语汉语 英语英语 A.A.句号句号 。.B.B.省略号省略号 C.C.顿号顿号 、无无 、描写人物时,要生动具体、描写人物时,要生动具体 外表特征:外表特征:(tall,short,fat,thin,tall,short,fat,thin,strong,weak,ordinary-looking strong,weak,ordinary-looking 等)等)服饰颜色:服饰颜色:(red,yellow,blue,red,yellow,blue,white,green,brown,black white,green,brown,black 等)等)内心境界:内心境界:(glad,happy,sad,glad,happy,sad,excited,interested excited,interested 等)等)感情描写:感情描写:(love,like,hate,feel,love,like,hate,feel,laugh,cry,smile,shout laugh,cry,smile,shout 等)等)动作描写:动作描写:(come,go,get,have,come,go,get,have,take,bring take,bring 等)等)三、不会表达,另辟蹊径三、不会表达,另辟蹊径中考作文给分是以要点和语言准确度而定,中考作文给分是以要点和语言准确度而定,不以文采来打分。造句越简单准确越好。不以文采来打分。造句越简单准确越好。造复合句容易出错,容易被扣分,阅卷场造复合句容易出错,容易被扣分,阅卷场上有句话:上有句话:“错误面前人人平等,文采好错误面前人人平等,文采好不多给分。不多给分。”如遇到个别要点表达不出来如遇到个别要点表达不出来或难以表达,可采用变通的办法,化难为或难以表达,可采用变通的办法,化难为易,化繁为简。总之,所造句子要正确、易,化繁为简。总之,所造句子要正确、得体、符合英语表达习惯。得体、符合英语表达习惯。迂回而行迂回而行 当汉语词义不会用英语表达时,可以想一个与当汉语词义不会用英语表达时,可以想一个与这个汉语词义相似的几种词义。扩展思路,然后这个汉语词义相似的几种词义。扩展思路,然后从英语中找出一个与其对得上号的来代替。这样从英语中找出一个与其对得上号的来代替。这样可有异曲同工之妙。可有异曲同工之妙。小词大用小词大用 汉语中有些语意看来很复杂很文雅,但在英语汉语中有些语意看来很复杂很文雅,但在英语中常可用一些常用词来表达。下面这些词可能在中常可用一些常用词来表达。下面这些词可能在你的书面表达中有用:你的书面表达中有用:take,have,get,make,take,have,get,make,come,go,do,see,show,happy,nice,kind,help come,go,do,see,show,happy,nice,kind,help 等。等。借花献佛借花献佛 有时书面表达中需要的单词或词组或许在试卷有时书面表达中需要的单词或词组或许在试卷中的其他地方出现。因为你刚刚做过题,记忆犹新。中的其他地方出现。因为你刚刚做过题,记忆犹新。那么就可信手拈来,为我所用。那么就可信手拈来,为我所用。四、锦上添花,量力而行四、锦上添花,量力而行 如果你还有时间和精力,想把书面表达写得更如果你还有时间和精力,想把书面表达写得更好,那么,请注意以下几点:好,那么,请注意以下几点:句型多样化,不要句型多样化,不要 I(We)I(We)到底,使人到底,使人觉得乏味;觉得乏味;适当使用一些并列句或主从复合句;适当使用一些并列句或主从复合句;进一步描绘人或事物时,适当使用定语从句;进一步描绘人或事物时,适当使用定语从句;(20032003年常州市)根据要点提示写一篇短文。要年常州市)根据要点提示写一篇短文。要求:语法正确,意思连贯,书写规范,要点齐全。求:语法正确,意思连贯,书写规范,要点齐全。词数词数60608080(标点符号不计入总词数)。(标点符号不计入总词数)。要点提示:要点提示:1 1上星期天上午我一直在图书馆看书。上星期天上午我一直在图书馆看书。2 2走出图书馆发现自行车不在了,只好步行回家。走出图书馆发现自行车不在了,只好步行回家。3 3昨天去买车,款式很多难以挑选昨天去买车,款式很多难以挑选4 4店主说,常州产的金狮自行车物美价廉,我买店主说,常州产的金狮自行车物美价廉,我买了一辆蓝色的。了一辆蓝色的。看个例题吧!看个例题吧!思路点拨:思路点拨:本篇书面表达比较简单,同学主要应注意以下几本篇书面表达比较简单,同学主要应注意以下几点:点:1 1因为是叙述一件已经发生过的事情,所以全因为是叙述一件已经发生过的事情,所以全文一定要注意时态统一,用过去时态。有的同学文一定要注意时态统一,用过去时态。有的同学在句中有表示过去时间的词语时,能注意运用正在句中有表示过去时间的词语时,能注意运用正确时态,而其他情况下容易混淆。确时态,而其他情况下容易混淆。2 2一件事情总有其发展的先后顺序,所以在叙一件事情总有其发展的先后顺序,所以在叙述时一定要注意事情发展的条理,注意前后语句述时一定要注意事情发展的条理,注意前后语句的连贯性。的连贯性。3 3要注意词的运用,如要注意词的运用,如walkwalk,homehome,Jinshi Jinshi bikesbikes,mademade,in Changzhouin Changzhou 参考范文参考范文 Last Sunday morning I was in the libraryLast Sunday morning I was in the libraryWhen I When I got out of itgot out of it,I found my bike wasnt thereI found my bike wasnt thereI I had to walk homehad to walk homeYesterday I went to buy a Yesterday I went to buy a new onenew oneThere were many kinds of bikes in the There were many kinds of bikes in the shopshopI couldnt decide which to chooseI couldnt decide which to chooseThen Then the shopkeeper told me that Jinshi bikes made in the shopkeeper told me that Jinshi bikes made in Changzhou were nice and cheapChangzhou were nice and cheapSo I bought a So I bought a blue oneblue one 1 1(20032003年福州市)根据中文提示和英文提示年福州市)根据中文提示和英文提示词语,写一篇意思连贯、符合逻辑的短文。所给词语,写一篇意思连贯、符合逻辑的短文。所给英文提示词语必须都用上。词数英文提示词语必须都用上。词数60607070左右。左右。(1 1)昨天晚上我和妈妈出去散步。()昨天晚上我和妈妈出去散步。(2 2)在路上)在路上我们遇见了一个外国人。(我们遇见了一个外国人。(3 3)他向我询问如何)他向我询问如何去温泉饭店。(去温泉饭店。(4 4)我告诉他沿路往前走,在第)我告诉他沿路往前走,在第三个转弯处向左拐就能看见饭店。(三个转弯处向左拐就能看见饭店。(5 5)他非常)他非常感谢我,我也为能帮他而高兴。感谢我,我也为能帮他而高兴。提示词语:提示词语:go out for a walkgo out for a walk,on the roadon the road,the the way toway to,walk alongwalk along,on the lefton the left,thank forthank for,be be happy thathappy that 怎么样,会了吗?做怎么样,会了吗?做几个中考题练练吧!几个中考题练练吧!参考答案:参考答案:1 1Yesterday eveningYesterday evening,I went out for a I went out for a walk with my motherwalk with my motherOn the roadOn the road,we we met a foreignermet a foreignerHe asked me the way to He asked me the way to the Hot Spring Hotelthe Hot Spring HotelI told him to walk I told him to walk along the road and take the third turning along the road and take the third turning on the lefton the left,then he could see the hotelthen he could see the hotelHe thanked me very much for my helpHe thanked me very much for my helpI I was happy that I could help himwas happy that I could help him 2 2(20032003年黄冈市)小明做了一个梦。他梦见自己年黄冈市)小明做了一个梦。他梦见自己为北京奥运会做一名志愿者:他努力帮助来自世界各为北京奥运会做一名志愿者:他努力帮助来自世界各国的外国朋友国的外国朋友在交谈中,小明让外国朋友更多地在交谈中,小明让外国朋友更多地了解北京。外国朋友感谢小明,并认为小明的英语非了解北京。外国朋友感谢小明,并认为小明的英语非常好。小明很高兴,他甜蜜地笑了常好。小明很高兴,他甜蜜地笑了 请你根据设定的梦境并加以想象,写一段请你根据设定的梦境并加以想象,写一段8080词左右词左右的短文。开始语和结束语均已给出(不计入总词数)。的短文。开始语和结束语均已给出(不计入总词数)。内容要求:内容要求:(1 1)帮助外国朋友;()帮助外国朋友;(2 2)与外国朋友交谈;()与外国朋友交谈;(3 3)感谢小明;(感谢小明;(4 4)小明很高兴。)小明很高兴。词汇参考:词汇参考:trytry(dodo)ones bestones best,findfind(thatthat),),heavyheavy(lostlost),),carrycarry(showshow,taketake),),taxitaxi(carcar,bikebike),),on the wayon the way,talk withtalk with(aboutabout)2 2Xiao Ming had a dream last nightXiao Ming had a dream last nightIn the dreamIn the dream,he he volunteered to serve the Beijing Olympicsvolunteered to serve the Beijing Olympics He tried his best to help the foreign friends from He tried his best to help the foreign friends from different countriesdifferent countriesWhen he found a foreign friend When he found a foreign friend worried in the streetworried in the street,he went up to him and asked him he went up to him and asked him what was the matterwhat was the matterThe foreigner told Xiao Ming he The foreigner told Xiao Ming he was Jackwas Jack,and he forgot the way to the Sun Hoteland he forgot the way to the Sun Hotel Then Then Xiao Ming stopped a taxi and took him to the Sun HotelXiao Ming stopped a taxi and took him to the Sun HotelXiao Ming talked with Jack on the way and made Jack Xiao Ming talked with Jack on the way and made Jack know more about Beijingknow more about BeijingJack thanked Xiao Ming very Jack thanked Xiao Ming very much and thought Xiao Mings English was very goodmuch and thought Xiao Mings English was very goodXiao Ming was very happyXiao Ming was very happyHe smiled and smiledHe smiled and smiled,then then he woke uphe woke up3 3(20032003年重庆市)根据内容要求写一篇年重庆市)根据内容要求写一篇 50508080词的短文。要求:书写格式正确,语句通畅、词的短文。要求:书写格式正确,语句通畅、流畅,无语法错误。流畅,无语法错误。内容提要:今年四月内容提要:今年四月AAPPAAPP要在重庆召开,外国要在重庆召开,外国友人受到重庆人民的热烈欢迎。外国友人说:友人受到重庆人民的热烈欢迎。外国友人说:“重庆变化很大,街道清洁,灯火明亮,城市秀美,重庆变化很大,街道清洁,灯火明亮,城市秀美,人更美,人们将记住重庆,重庆的明天会越来越人更美,人们将记住重庆,重庆的明天会越来越好。好。”3 3In April this year the AAPP was held in In April this year the AAPP was held in ChongqingChongqingThe foreign friends were warmly The foreign friends were warmly welcomed by Chongqing peoplewelcomed by Chongqing peopleThe foreign The foreign friends saidfriends said,“Chongqing has changed a lotChongqing has changed a lotThe streets are cleanThe streets are clean,the lights are brightthe lights are bright,the the city is beautifulcity is beautiful,and the people are friendlyand the people are friendlyChongqing will be remembered and her Chongqing will be remembered and her tomorrow will become better and bettertomorrow will become better and better 4 4(20022002年安徽省)安徽黄山被联合国教科文年安徽省)安徽黄山被联合国教科文组织定为世界自然文化遗产。假设外国友人到你组织定为世界自然文化遗产。假设外国友人到你校参观后,准备去旅游。请根据要点向外国友人校参观后,准备去旅游。请根据要点向外国友人简单介绍黄山(简单介绍黄山(the Yellow Mountainthe Yellow Mountain)。)。(1 1)位于安徽南部,是中国著名的旅游胜地。)位于安徽南部,是中国著名的旅游胜地。每年有大批中外游客前去旅游观光。(每年有大批中外游客前去旅游观光。(2 2)乘汽)乘汽车去大约要花车去大约要花3 3个小时;也可以乘火车或飞机去。个小时;也可以乘火车或飞机去。(3 3)登山便可领略其云海()登山便可领略其云海(the sea of cloudsthe sea of clouds)、)、奇松(奇松(wondrous pineswondrous pines)、怪石()、怪石(unique rocksunique rocks)等秀丽的风景及清晨美丽的日出。等秀丽的风景及清晨美丽的日出。注意注意1 1词数:词数:8080词左右。词左右。2 2请不要逐字翻译。请不要逐字翻译。4 4The Yellow Mountain is one of the most The Yellow Mountain is one of the most famous mountains in Chinafamous mountains in ChinaIt lies in the south It lies in the south of Anhuiof AnhuiEvery year thousands of Chinese and Every year thousands of Chinese and foreigners pay a visit thereforeigners pay a visit thereIts not far from Its not far from herehereIt takes you about three hours to get It takes you about three hours to get there by busthere by busYou can also go there by train or You can also go there by train or by planeby planeWhile you are climbing the While you are climbing the mountainmountain,you can enjoy the sea of cloudsyou can enjoy the sea of clouds,wondrous pines and unique rocks around youwondrous pines and unique rocks around youIn the early morning when the sun risesIn the early morning when the sun rises,the the sky looks very beautifulsky looks very beautifulIts really a nice place Its really a nice place to visitto visit