中考英语专项复习语法.ppt

GrammarNo.3 Middle SchoolLiSong定定 语语 从从 句句定语从句定语从句 一、定义：一、定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。叫定语从句。The man who lives next to us is a lawyer.The man is a layer.The man lives next to us.被修饰的名词或代词叫被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词。引导。引导定语从句的关系代词有定语从句的关系代词有who，whom，whose，which，that等和关系副词等和关系副词where，when，why等。关系代词和等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。词 形先行词在句中作用关that人或物主,宾语系which物主,宾语who人主,宾语代whom人宾语词Whose(=of whom/of which)人或物定语关When(=介词介词+which)时间状语系Where(=介词介词+which)地点状语副how方式状语词Why(=for which)原因状语 二、关系代词和关系副词的作用：二、关系代词和关系副词的作用：1.由由who，whom，whose引导的定语引导的定语从句这类定语从句中从句这类定语从句中who用作主语，用作主语，whom作宾语，作宾语，whose作定语指人或物。作定语指人或物。This is the man who helped me.这位是帮过我的那个人。这位是帮过我的那个人。The Doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位大夫在屋里。你找的那位大夫在屋里。Do you know the man whose name is Liu Xiang?你认识那个叫刘翔的人吗？你认识那个叫刘翔的人吗？2.which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 这类从句只能指物，这类从句只能指物，which在从句中在从句中作主语或作谓语动词或介词的宾语。作主语或作谓语动词或介词的宾语。This is the book which you want.这就是你要的那本书。这就是你要的那本书。The building which stands near the river is our school.河边的那栋楼是我们学校。河边的那栋楼是我们学校。The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.有机器的房间是车间。有机器的房间是车间。1)whom，whose，which作介词宾语作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在它们之前，也可放时，介词一般可放在它们之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上，在含有介词的动在从句原来的位置上，在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。置上。注意！注意！This is the person whom you are looking for.这位就是你在找的那个人。这位就是你在找的那个人。2)引导非限定性定语从句时，或介词后引导非限定性定语从句时，或介词后面面,关系代词用关系代词用which,不用不用that。I have read Gone with the Wind several times,which I like very much.注意！注意！3.由由that引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 that在定语从句中可以指人或物，在从在定语从句中可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。但不能放句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语。在介词后面作介词宾语。The letter that I received was from my father.我收到的那封信是我父亲写给我的。我收到的那封信是我父亲写给我的。在下面几种情况下必须用在下面几种情况下必须用“that”引导定语从句：引导定语从句：1)先行词是不定代词先行词是不定代词:all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。等。All that we can do now is to wait for the result.注意！注意！2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。级所修饰。The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.我所学的第一课永远也忘不了。我所学的第一课永远也忘不了。3)先行词被先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。等修饰。I have read all the books(that)you gave me.你给我的书我全读完了。你给我的书我全读完了。4)先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the last修饰时。修饰时。He is the only person that I want to talk to.他是唯一的我想跟说话的人。他是唯一的我想跟说话的人。5)先行词既有人又有物时。先行词既有人又有物时。They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.他们谈论着他们能记起的那些在学校他们谈论着他们能记起的那些在学校的人和事。的人和事。4.由由when，where，why引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。I know the reason why he came late.我知道他为什么来晚了。我知道他为什么来晚了。This is the place where we lived for 5 years.这就是我住过五年的地方。这就是我住过五年的地方。Exercise 1:用关系代词填空用关系代词填空1.The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.2.The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.3.I hate people _ talk much but do little.4.The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that5.The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6.Is there a student _ father is a business man?7.This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhich that当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.Exercise 2.1.My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember.2.Say all _ you know.3.Is there anything _ I can do for you?thatthatthat当先行词是something,anything,nothing,all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.5.This is the best novel _ I have read.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?7.Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.当主句是who或或which 引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.thatthat英语语法复习系列之英语语法复习系列之-宾语从句宾语从句 定义定义 简单的说简单的说,宾语从句宾语从句就是就是一个或是几个从句充当主句中一个或是几个从句充当主句中的宾语成分。的宾语成分。如何改写宾语从句。1.确定连接词确定连接词(根据从句的句式根据从句的句式)2.确定从句语序确定从句语序(把从句变成陈把从句变成陈述句述句)3.确定从句的时态确定从句的时态(根据主句时根据主句时态态)1.确定连接词确定连接词(根据从句句式根据从句句式)从从 句句 的的 句句 式式连连 接词接词 陈陈 述述 句句 that一般疑问句一般疑问句if(whether)特殊疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问词特殊疑问词祈使句祈使句肯定句肯定句to+动词原形动词原形否定句否定句not to+动词原形动词原形注意注意：在把简单句变为复合句的练习中，千万要注意：在把简单句变为复合句的练习中，千万要注意：(1)当从句所表述的内容是客当从句所表述的内容是客 观事观事 实时，连接实时，连接后从句的时态不随主句时态的变化而变化，仍用一般后从句的时态不随主句时态的变化而变化，仍用一般现在时现在时.如如:He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon.The teacher told the students that no news is good news.The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health(2)语句的顺序语句的顺序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后主语在前，谓语在后”的的顺序。顺序。e.g Could you tell me how I can get to the Science Museum?He asked him where he came from.Did you know whats the name of the handsome boy in the classroom yesterday？Please tell me where I can buy the beautiful flower.(3)宾语从句中的特殊情形宾语从句中的特殊情形 句式的转变：若原句是祈使句，不能用宾语从句式的转变：若原句是祈使句，不能用宾语从句改写，而应该用句改写，而应该用“tell/ask/order sb.(not)to do sth.”的句式。的句式。e.g Dont open the door,Jim.（用（用 they 作主语变为宾语从句）作主语变为宾语从句）They ask Jim not to open the door.代词的变化：如果将某人的原话变为宾语从句代词的变化：如果将某人的原话变为宾语从句时，我们就应该考虑代词的变化。时，我们就应该考虑代词的变化。e.g “I come from Canada”,Lucy says.Lucy says that she comes from Canada.(4)由一般疑问句转换而来的宾语从句，用由一般疑问句转换而来的宾语从句，用 whether 或或 if 引导，并且两词可以互用。但是引导，并且两词可以互用。但是 whether 可以和可以和 or not 连用，而连用，而 if 不能。不能。e.g I want to know whether(if)she still lives there.Please tell me whether you can come or not.1.1.把下列句子改为宾语从句把下列句子改为宾语从句.1.she says,Shell see a film.1.she says,Shell see a film.She says_she_ _ a film.She says_she_ _ a film.2.Did Peter come here yesterday?Li 2.Did Peter come here yesterday?Li Lei wants to know.Lei wants to know.Li Lei wants to know_Peter_ Li Lei wants to know_Peter_here yesterday.here yesterday.3.Where does she live?Mr Hu 3.Where does she live?Mr Hu asked.asked.Mr Hu asked_ _ _ Mr Hu asked_ _ _4.She said,Open the windows.4.She said,Open the windows.She said_ _ the She said_ _ the windows.windows.thatthatseeseeififcamecamewherewheresheshelivedlivedtotoopenopenwillwill5.The teacher told us,Dont play on the street.The teacher told us_ _ _on the street.6.Our geography teacher told us,The earth goes around the sun.Our geography teacher told us_ the earth _ around the sun.not_toplaythatgoes 专项练习专项练习 1、Do you know how much hot water?AMum is neededBdoes Mum need CMum needsDdid Mum need 2、Can you tell me?Awhere he is Bwhere is he Che is whereDwhat is he 3、I didnt know how to London?Awould they goBare they going Cthey would goDthey are going 4、I want to know how long Ahas he been backBhas he come back Che has been backDhe has come back 5、Do you know?Awhat the news areBwhat is the news Cwhat the news is Dwhat are the news 6.-is true that she may fall behind the others.A.There B.This C.That D.It 7.The foreign friends think-the Chinese people are very friendly.A.that B.if C.since D.because 8.Id like to know-Chinese.A.when he began to learn B.when did he begin to learn C.when did he begin learning D.for how long he began to learn 9.The teacher asked us-the classroom after school.A.cleaned B.clean C.to clean D.cleans 参考答案：参考答案：CACCC DAAC英语语法复习系列之英语语法复习系列之-直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语 直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语Direct Speech and Indirect Speech直接引述直接引述别人的话，叫“直接引语直接引语”;用自己的话转述转述别人的话叫“间接引语间接引语”;直接引语一般前后要加引号;间接引语不用引号。如:John said,“I like reading very much.”(直接引语）John said that he liked reading very much.(间接引语)直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系陈述句陈述句变为引导的宾语从句 1.He said,“You are younger than I”.2.He says,“Tom is a good student”.3.She said,“I will come today.”He said that I was younger than him.He says that Tom is a good student.She said that she would go that day.当主句的谓语动词是当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时一般过去时时时,从句的从句的_,_,_等要作出变化等要作出变化.人称人称时态时态时间状语时间状语间接引语的结构：间接引语的结构：主句主句+引导词引导词+从句从句He said,“My sister was here three days ago.”She said,“I will come here this evening.”He said his sister had been there three days before.She said she would go here that evening.一般疑问句一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句e.g.1.She said,“Do you often come here to read newspaper?”2.“Will they go to visit the Great Wall?”he asked.She asked if(whether)I often came here to read newspaper.He asked if(whether)they would go visit the Great Wall.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句变为变为who,what,when等引导的宾语从句等引导的宾语从句e.g.1.He asked,“Where do you live?”2.“How can we get to the post-office?”he asked.He asked where I lived.He asked how they could get to the post-office.从句一定要保持陈述句句序从句一定要保持陈述句句序1.“When will he come back?”Tom asked.2.“How can I get to the station?”Mary asked her teacher.3.“Where did you see the suspect?”Detective Lu asked.4.“Where is Tom?”They asked.Tom asked when he would come back.Mary asked her teacher how she could get to the station.Detective Lu asked where I had seen the suspect.They asked where Tom was.将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句:5.Where do they stop on the way?I asked.6.What will you speak at the meeting?Tom asked me.7.Do they like to make friends with us?He asked.8.“I am doing my homework.”He said.9.“I will come back.”Tom said.10.“Is he doing his homework?”Jim asked.I asked where they stopped on the way.Tom asked me what I would speak at the meeting.He asked if they liked to make friends with them.He said that he was doing his homework.Tom said that he would come back.Jim asked if he was doing his homework.直接引语变间接引语及其注意事项直接引语变间接引语及其注意事项直接引语变间接引语就是写成宾语从句或动词不定式短语，要注意以下几点：人称变化人称变化、时态变化时态变化、宾语从句要用、宾语从句要用 陈述句的语序陈述句的语序.He said,“I am afraid I cant finish my homework.”He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish his homework.He said,“I am doing my homework.”He said that he was dong his homework.She said,“I have not heard from him since May.”She said that she had not heard from him since May.一般现在时一般现在时-一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时-过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时-过去完成时过去完成时时态时态,人称变化人称变化:He said,“I was ill.”He said that he had been ill.He said,“I had finished my homework before supper.”He said that he had finished his homework before supper.Zhou Lan said,“I will do it after class.”Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.一般过去时一般过去时-过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时-过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时-过去将来时过去将来时如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，直接引语变为间接如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的谓语动词的时态通常要作相应的变化。引语时，从句的谓语动词的时态通常要作相应的变化。时态变化的一般规则如下表：时态变化的一般规则如下表：直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语一般现在时一般现在时现在进行时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时 can may must will 一般过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去将来时过去将来时couldmighthad towould直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语now todaytonightthis morning/weektomorrow yesterdaylast monthagothenthat daythat nightthat morning/weekthe following day/the next daythe day beforethe month before before 1、当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语 从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。2、当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语 动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容宾语从句叙述的内容 为客观真理时为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。e.g.The teacher said that the moon moves around the sun.注注 意：意：指示代词指示代词,时间状语时间状语,地点状语和动词的变化地点状语和动词的变化She said,“I will come this morning.”She said she would go that morning.He said,“These books are mine.”He said,“It is 9 oclock now.”He said those books were his.He said it was 9 oclock then.He said,“I havent seen her today.”She said,”I went there yesterday.”She said,“I will go there tomorrow.”He said he hadnt seen her that day.She said she had gone there the day before.She said she would go there the following/next day.1.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be)2.The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)3.Tom says that they _(play)basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.4.I hear they _(return)it already.5.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be)6.He asked what they _ at eight last night.(do)7.The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound.(travel)8.I think you _ about the relay race now.(talk)9.I didnt know whom the letters _ from.(be).will be goes were playing has returned had been travels are talking were were doing10.I didnt know what time he _ the letter.(write)11.Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move)round the earth.12.Could you tell me who _ away the book already?(take)13.Ling Feng told me he _ to several times.(be)14.Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east.(rise)15.Can you tell me what they _ yesterday?(do)wrote moves has taken has been risesdid