单招英语语法复习--名词及其考点复习过程.ppt

单招英语语法复习-名词及其考点考点梳理1 1不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，他们不能不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，他们不能直接和表示直接和表示数字的词或不定冠词数字的词或不定冠词连用，也没有复数连用，也没有复数形式。常考的不可数名词有：形式。常考的不可数名词有：musicmusic，funfun，newsnews，informationinformation，adviceadvice，weatherweather，homeworkhomework，workwork，airair，timetime，moneymoney，paperpaper，traffictraffic，practicepractice，progressprogress等。等。2 2不可数名词可以借助量词来表示一定的数量。如：不可数名词可以借助量词来表示一定的数量。如：a piece of newsa piece of news（一则新闻）（一则新闻）two bottles of two bottles of waterwater（两瓶水）（两瓶水）four pieces of advice four pieces of advice（四条（四条建议）建议）six pieces of paper six pieces of paper（六张纸）。（六张纸）。考点一：不可数名词 考点梳理考点二：专有名词【例题】【例题】()5_ are going to the USA tomorrow.A.Smiths B.Smiths B.C.The Smith D.The Smiths()6Lincoln was elected _ of America.A.President B.a president C.the president D.president()7_ is the most important festival in China.A.Christmas B.Spring Festival C.Mid-autumn Day D.National Day 考点梳理1 1一般直接加一般直接加-s-s，如：，如：deskdesk desks girl desks girl girls girls mapmap maps desk maps desk desks desks【例题】【例题】A number of _A number of _（studentstudent）will go will go abroad for further study in foreign countries.abroad for further study in foreign countries.2 2以以s s，x x，shsh，chch结尾的单词常在词尾加结尾的单词常在词尾加-es-es，如：，如：busbus buses glass buses glass glasses box glasses box boxes boxes brushbrush brushes watch brushes watch watches match watches match matchesmatches3 3以辅音字母以辅音字母+y+y结尾变结尾变y y为为i i再加再加-es-es，如：，如：storystory stories babystories baby babies country babies country countries countries citycity cities family cities family families families。但是以元音字母。但是以元音字母+y y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加结尾的名词变复数时，直接加-s-s变复数。如：变复数。如：boyboy boys keyboys key keys monkey keys monkey monkeys monkeys holidayholiday holidays holidays等。等。考点三：可数名词单数变为复数的几条规律 考点梳理考点三：可数名词单数变为复数 的几条规律【例题】【例题】8When we have PE class,our teacher doesnt allow us to wear the _（watch）.9Many _（baby）are playing happily.Half of them are _（boy）.()10 I got the first place in the English contest._.A.Good luck B.What a pity C.Congratulations D.Congratulation()11（2011滨州）Work hard,and youll get good _.A.lessons B.notes C.grades D.answers watchesbabiesboys考点梳理4 4以以 o o结尾的名词变复数常有下列结尾的名词变复数常有下列2 2种变化：种变化：（1 1）以）以“o o”结尾的科技名词常在词尾加结尾的科技名词常在词尾加-s-s。常考。常考的有下面的有下面5 5个：个：radioradio radios piano radios piano pianos pianos photophoto photos kilo photos kilo kilos zoo kilos zoo zoos zoos （2 2）其余以）其余以“o o”结尾的名词常在词尾加结尾的名词常在词尾加-es-es，常考，常考的有下面的有下面4 4个：西红柿（个：西红柿（tomatotomato），土豆），土豆（potatopotato），英雄（），英雄（herohero），黑人（），黑人（negronegro）等。）等。考点三：可数名词单数变为复数的几条规律 考点梳理考点三：可数名词单数变为复数 的几条规律【例题】【例题】()12Look at the _.You can see_,_and_ in it.A.photos;potatoes;tomatoes;radioes B.photoes;potatoes;tomatoes;radiosC.photos;potatoes;tomatoes;radios D.photoes;potatos;tomatos;radioes 考点梳理5 5以以f f和和fefe结尾的名词变为复数时常将结尾的名词变为复数时常将f f或或fefe变为变为-v-v再加再加-es-es。请熟记下列口诀：。请熟记下列口诀：考点三：可数名词单数变为复数的几条规律 记忆技巧树叶（leaf）半数（half）自己（self）黄，妻子（wife）拿刀（knife）上山岗，架（shelf）后窜出一只狼（wolf），好像强盗（thief）逃命（life）忙。()13The_ of most trees will fall in autumn.A.leaf B.leafs C.leaves D.lives()14Titanic went down into the sea.More than 1,500 people lost their_.A.life B.lifes C.lives D.live【例题】【例题】考点梳理6 6单数名词变复数名词不规则变化的有：单数名词变复数名词不规则变化的有：考点三：可数名词单数变为复数的几条规律()15（1997广东）We walk with our _.A.foot B.foots C.feet()16The _ that came to the farm yesterday come here again.A.deer B.horse C.cow D.dog【例题】【例题】child childrenfoot feettooth teethman menwoman womenmouse micedeer deersheep sheeppoliceman policemen考点梳理7 7两个名词组成的名词词组常把最后一个名词变成两个名词组成的名词词组常把最后一个名词变成复数形式。如：复数形式。如：girl students boy friends twin girl students boy friends twin sisters apple trees shoe shopssisters apple trees shoe shops，但如果前面，但如果前面一个名词是一个名词是manman或或womanwoman时，前后两个名词都要时，前后两个名词都要变成复数。如：变成复数。如：woman doctorwoman doctorwomen women doctors man teacherdoctors man teachermen teachers men teachers 考点三：可数名词单数变为复数的几条规律()17There are two _ in the South Street.About 12 _ are working there.A.books shops;woman workers B.book shops;women workersC.books shops;women workers D.book shops;woman workers()18In Britain_ are all painted red.A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box【例题】【例题】考点梳理8 8表示民族的单复数常有下列三种变化：表示民族的单复数常有下列三种变化：（1 1）单复数相同：）单复数相同：ChineseChineseChinese Chinese JapaneseJapaneseJapaneseJapanese（2 2）将）将manman变为变为menmen：EnglishmanEnglishmanEnglishmen FrenchmanEnglishmen FrenchmanFrenchmenFrenchmen（3 3）其余全在后面）其余全在后面+s+s：GermanGermanGermans Germans AmericanAmericanAmericans IndianAmericans IndianIndians Indians AustralianAustralianAustralians CanadianAustralians CanadianCanadians Canadians 考点三：可数名词单数变为复数的几条规律 考点梳理考点三：可数名词单数变为复数 的几条规律【例题】【例题】()19There are three _and _ in the group.A.Japanese;Germen B.Japaneses;GermansC.Japan;Germany D.Japanese;Germans()20（2011深圳）Could you please tell me something about the two_?_.They are exchange students of No.1 Middle School.A.Frenchmen;Yes,please B.Frenchmans;Come on C.Germen;Not at all D.Germans;All right 记忆技巧中日友好是一致，英法联盟a变e，余国词尾添s考点梳理9 9有些名词通常只有复数形式。如：有些名词通常只有复数形式。如：people,people,police,trousers,socks,glasses,clothes,police,trousers,socks,glasses,clothes,shorts,scissorsshorts,scissors等。等。1010有些名词虽然以有些名词虽然以s s结尾却表示单数。如：结尾却表示单数。如：news,news,grass,politics(grass,politics(政治政治),physics(),physics(物理物理)等。等。1111既可做可数名词也可做不可数名词：既可做可数名词也可做不可数名词：考点三：可数名词单数变为复数的几条规律 单词可数不可数单词可数不可数glass玻璃杯玻璃paper报纸，试卷纸room房间空间chicken小鸡鸡肉fish鱼鱼肉orange桔子桔子汁考点梳理考点三：可数名词单数变为复数 的几条规律【例题】【例题】()21There is not enough _ for these things in these _.A.rooms;rooms B.room;room C.room;rooms D.rooms;room()22Father bought some _.So we will have some _ to eat for dinner today.A.fishes;fishes B.fishs;fish C.fish;fishes D.fish;fish考点梳理1 1 s s结构：在英语中，有生命事物的名词常在词结构：在英语中，有生命事物的名词常在词尾加尾加“s s”来表示所有关系，具体规则如下：来表示所有关系，具体规则如下：（1 1）直接在词尾后加）直接在词尾后加“s s”。如：。如：the girl the girl s backpack Toms backpack Tom s bike someone s bike someone elseelse s books mens books men s room Childrens room Children s Day s Day WomenWomen s Days Day（2 2）以）以s s结尾的名词只须加结尾的名词只须加“”“”。如：。如：the teachers the teachers office the students office the students reading-reading-room the workersroom the workers club Teachers club Teachers Day Day （3 3）并列名词的所有格要格外小心。如：）并列名词的所有格要格外小心。如：Lily and Lucy Lily and Lucy s rooms room（两人共有一个房间）（两人共有一个房间）LilyLily s and Lucys and Lucy s roomss rooms（每人分别有一个房间）（每人分别有一个房间）考点四：名词所有格 考点梳理（4 4）表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词，也可以）表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词，也可以加加“s s”构成所有格。如：构成所有格。如：the world the world s populations population世界人口世界人口 today today s newspapers newspaper今天的报纸今天的报纸 fifteen minutes fifteen minutes walk=a 15-minute walk walk=a 15-minute walk步行十五分钟的路程步行十五分钟的路程 eight days eight days holiday=an holiday=an 8-day8-day holiday holiday八八天的假期天的假期 注意：表示某人的家和店铺或教堂的名字时，名词所注意：表示某人的家和店铺或教堂的名字时，名词所有格的后面经常不出现它所修饰的词。如：有格的后面经常不出现它所修饰的词。如：at Li at Li LeiLei s s在李雷的家在李雷的家 at the doctorat the doctor s s在医务室在医务室 考点四：名词所有格 考点梳理考点四：名词所有格【例题】【例题】()25_ is celebrated on September 10.A.National Day B.Teachers DayC.Dragon Boat FestivalD.Spring Festival()26 How far is your family from here?Its about ten _ walk.A.minutes B.minute C.minutes D.minutes考点梳理考点四：名词所有格【例题】【例题】()27The theme park is about _ride from the museum.You should start out right now.A.two hour B.two hours C.two hours D.two hours()28_ mothers couldnt go to the meeting,because they have gone to Chengdu.A.Li Lei and Lucys B.Li Leis and Lucys C.Li Lei and Lucy D.Li Leis and Lucy考点梳理2 2ofof结构结构 一些无生命的名词的所有格，可用一些无生命的名词的所有格，可用ofof短语来表短语来表达。如：达。如：the title of the textthe title of the text（课文的标题）（课文的标题）the foot of the hillthe foot of the hill（山脚）（山脚）the leaves of the leaves of the treethe tree（树叶）（树叶）3 3双重所有格结构。即双重所有格结构。即 s s结构和结构和ofof结构相结合。结构相结合。如：如：a friend of mine a friend of mine 我的一个朋友我的一个朋友 a friend a friend of my fatherof my father s s 我父亲的一个朋友我父亲的一个朋友 a car of a car of Mrs.BrownMrs.Brown s s 布朗太太的一辆车布朗太太的一辆车 a student of a student of TomTom s mothers mother s s 妈妈的一个学生妈妈的一个学生注意：有些名词用注意：有些名词用toto来表示所有格。如：来表示所有格。如：the key the key to the doorto the door门的钥匙门的钥匙 the answer/key to the answer/key to the questionthe question问题的答案问题的答案 the way to the the way to the school school 去学校的路去学校的路 考点四：名词所有格 考点梳理考点四：名词所有格【例题】【例题】()29The _ was too heavy for the child to carry.A.boxs steel B.box of a steel C.steel box D.box of the steel()30_are big and bright.A.The classroom window B.The window of the classroom C.The windows of the classroom D.The classrooms windows