Unit 1 Friendship 单元导学案--高中英语人教新课标必修一.docx

英语学科教师辅导学案所属年级：课 时 数：3辅导科目：英语学科教师：课程主题：高中必修一 unit1授课时间：学习目标1掌握本单元的重点词汇和重点句型的用法并能灵活运用2掌握直接引语变间接引语的用法并灵活运用于各种语境中教学内容一、词汇与句型【知识梳理】1add v. 增加，增添Add these numbers up，and we can find the answer.把这些数字加起来，那么我们就能得到答案。【搭配】add to 增添add up 合计add () to . （把什么）加入中add up to 加起来达到，总计达到The pupil is too young to add tothese figures.The amount of money she gets from the factory adds up to no more than 1,000 yuan.This lesson adds to the value of the book.2upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的Vt.使不安；使心烦, 打翻，翻到Im suffering from an upset stomach. 我的肠胃不舒服。Losing the ring upset her very much. 指环的遗失使她心烦意乱。Dont upset the boat. 别把船弄翻了。He was upset for some time, it was beyond him why his parents got divorced.他有点心烦意乱，因为他不知道父母为什么会离婚。【搭配】be upset about，对感到心烦There is no point getting upset about it.犯不着为此事难过3ignore v.： 不理睬，忽视He ignored the NO Smoking sign and lit up a cigarette.他不顾“禁止吸烟告示，点燃了一根烟。She ignored him and carried on with her work.她无视他继续工作。【拓展】ignorance n. 无知ignorant adj. 无知的， 不知道的be ignorant of/about sb./sth. 对某人某事不知道4calm adj.:镇静的，沉着的 ; v.:使平静，使镇静【搭配】calm down: (使)平静，镇静，安静Its important to keep calm in an emergency.紧急时刻保持冷静很重要Although she was frightened, she answered with a calm voice.Have some brandy; it will calm your nerves. 喝点白兰地吧，这会使你冷静点。Look，calm down! We will find her. 喂，镇静点，我们会找到她的。【拓展】the calm before the storm 暴风雨（或大动荡、激烈辩论）前的平静5 concern vt.:担忧；涉及；关系到 n. : (尤指许多人共同的)担心，忧虑【搭配】be concerned with 与有关The book is concerned with Soviet-American relations during the cold war.这本书讲的是冷战时期的苏美关系。be concerned about/over/for 关心，挂念His parents are very concerned about my health and study.as/so far as. be concerned 就而言As far as I am concerned (= in my opinion ), I think we should take immediate measures to protect the environment.6go through穿过，通过A terrible noise went through the house.审阅，检查 I cant go through the papers in an hour.翻找，搜寻Mother went through the drawer for her glasses.经历（苦难，痛苦等）Most families went through a lot in the war.He is amazingly cheerful considering all he has had to go through.通过，成功The plan did not go through.【拓展】go after追求，追赶 go ahead前进；请说（做）吧go by走过，（时间）过去 go along with向前，（与）一起去go in for爱好，从事 go out外出；（灯，火）熄灭go over越过；复习 go up爬上，（价格等）上升7settle vi:安家；定居；停留vt：解决；安排；定居She settled in Vienna after her father died.父亲死后，她就在维也纳定居了。We have settled that problem .我们已经解决了那个问题Its time you settled your differences with your father.现在你该解决同你父亲间的分歧了。【拓展】settle down 安居下来；定居，过安定生活；8a series of 一系列的，一连串的，一套的Series 是个单复数同形的名词e.g. A series of meetings 一系列会议A series of books 一套书Two series of stamps 两套邮票9on purpose 故意，有目的地The boy broke Jacks window on purpose. He wanted to frighten Jack.那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的，他想吓一下杰克。【拓展】do sth. on purpose: 故意做某事for the purpose of 为了.的目的（不知道这个目的能否实现）with the purpose of 为了.的目的 （暗示这个目的能实现）10suffer vt&vi:遭受；忍受；经历suffer from/with 遭受；患病 （后面一般接伤痛疾病等引起的痛苦）He suffers from headache .他患有头痛The company suffered huge losses in the last financial year.公司在上一财年出现巨额亏损。【拓展】suffering n. 痛苦11pack up 打包We packed up our things and prepared to go traveling.我们打包好东西准备去旅行。【拓展】pack away (用后）收拾好，装好pack sth. in 把某物挤在里面pack sb. off 把某人打发走a pack of 一包.12recover vi&vt:痊愈；恢复；重新获得recover from 从中恢复He is still recovering from his operation.手术后，他仍在恢复中。It took her several minutes to recover consciousness.过了几分钟她才恢复知觉。The police eventually recovered the stolen paintings.警方最终追回了丢失的油画。【拓展】Recovery n. 恢复，痊愈，复兴13get on/along with 与某人相处；(工作的) 进展He is not easy-going. Its very hard to get along with him.他不是个随和的人，很难相处。How are you getting along with your work?工作进展如何？【拓展】get along/on well/ nicely/ badly with 与相处得好/不好，进展顺利/不顺利get away离开，逃离get down下来；写下，取下get down to (doing)开始认真干get over克服，摆脱get through通过，做完get together聚集14set down(1)write down 写下，记下(2)put down 放下，搁下(3)stop and allow sb. to get off 让某人下车1. Why don't you set your ideas down on paper? 为什么你不把你的想法写在纸上呢？2.setthat heavy bagdownto have a rest.把那沉重的袋子放下，休息一会儿。3. Please set me downat the next corner.请在下一个拐角处让我下车。15While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.你在遛狗的时候不小心让狗松脱了，接着它被一辆小车撞着了。【解析】while walking the dogwhile you were walking the dog，这是状语从句的省略。【拓展】在when, while, if, as if, though, as, where, unless等连词(词组)引导的状语从句中，如果谓语动词有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或为it时，则从句的主语和be常常省略。When (I was) in Japan, I took many beautiful pictures.在日本时，我拍了许多漂亮的照片。While (I was) waiting, I read newspapers.我边等待，边看报纸。If (it were) not for you, we would not go there.要不是为你，我们就不会去那儿了。He looks as if (he were) drunk.他看上去像喝醉了。She went on working though (she was) exhausted.尽管她精疲力竭，但仍继续工作。Fill in the blanks with the given words; change the form where (it is) necessary.用所给词填空，必要的地方改变形式。I won't go unless (I'm) invited.除非被邀请，否则我不会去。16.tell him/her that he/she should have studied. 告诉他/她本该学习【解析】should have done结构表示过去应该做某事而事实上没有做；而shouldn't have done则表示过去本不该做某事而实际上却做了。You should have finished your homework yesterday.你昨天就该做完作业。You shouldn't have told him about it.你本来不应该告诉他这件事情。【拓展】课文中原句 moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.could have done可能做了某事 ;could never have done 结构表示“对过去情况的否定推测”，其否定副词never也可根据情况用not, hardly等词替换。其他“情态动词havedone”结构：must have done对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。“一定”。It must have rained last night, for the ground is still wet.could have done多用于虚拟，“本可以”，以及 可能做了什么事We could have arrived earlier if we had got up at 5 am.needn't have done过去没有必要做却做了。“本来没必要做”。You neednt have stayed up late if you had finished your work in time.ought (not) to have doneshould (not) have doneYou should hand in your homework yesterday, but you didnt.might/may have done过去可能做了某事(可能性小)。“可能做了”。He might have got a better job considering his ability. would have done愿意做某事却不能做。“本来想要做；本会”。He would have got better if he had taken the medicine on time.17I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。【解析】在it is只能用because引导表示原因的从句，不能用since或as。此句是个强调句型,陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分。判断是否是强调句的方法是将it is 和 that/who去掉后语法语意仍完整，否则则不是强调句。强调句例句：针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。强调主语：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.强调地点状语：It was at the railwaystation that I met Li Ming yesterday.强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.也可以强调一个从句，如 It is because you spoke about her behind her back that she got so angry.【拓展】在强调“not.until”结构中由until所引导的短语（或从句）作时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：“It+is/was+not until+被强调部分+that+该句的其余部分”，that所引导的从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。【易错点拨】要注意强调句型和it代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。判断是否是强调句，要采用“还原法”。如果还原为一般句式后，句子各种成分完整且在上下文中表达的意思合情合理，则是强调句，否则不是。18.it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face.这是我一年半以来第一次观察夜晚【解析】It is/was the first time(that).这是一个固定句式，it可换成this或that; first可换成second, third等，以表达不同的意义。提示：It is the first time that.后接现在完成时；It was the first time that.后接过去完成时；It will be the first time that.后接现在完成时。【注意】提醒学生注意主句时态是现在时和过去时对从句时态的影响。This is the fourth time she's rung you in a week.这是她一周内第四次给你打电话。It was the second time that he had been out with her alone.这是他第二次单独跟她外出。It will be the second time that I have got the prize.那将是我第二次获得该奖。19Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.妈妈问她穿这么多衣服是不是很热。【解析】“withn+prep.”在句中做状语，表示原因、方式或伴随状态。He came in, with a book in his hand.他手里拿着一本书走了进来。He often sleeps with the light on.他经常开着灯睡觉。【例题精讲】例1_ up 合计 _ (.) down （使）镇定下来;（使）平静下来be _ about 关心；挂念 go _ 经历；经受set _ 记下；放下；登记a _ of 一连串的；一系列；一套be _ about 对很着迷；对十分狂热on _ 故意 in order _ 为了_ dusk 在黄昏时刻_. face _ face 面对面地_ _ /_. _ longer 不再_ from 遭受；患病get/be _ of 对厌烦pack （sth.）_ 将（东西）装箱打包_ with 与相处；进展_ in参加；加入face to face list concern about go through share reason suffer point habit add up例21. Every time he _ the figures, he gets a different answer.2. They are_ with a new problem which they must solve at once.3. I am not in the _of going to see a film in the day.4. She_ all the things she had to buy.5. What are the _ to look for when you are buying a new computer.6. She just suddenly left without giving any_.7. We _ the cost of the meal.8. Mr. Zhang _ heavy losses in the accident.9. She has _ an unhappy time recently.10. She thinks only of herself, she never _ other people. 【巩固练习】1There is only one way to _ (解决) the dispute.2She was _ (心烦意乱的)about her mothers death，so we should first do everything in our _ (能力)to _ (使镇定)her down.3Can I pay for each _ (项目) separately?4Her _ (合作者)made a suggestion but she _ (不理睬)it _ (完全地)5I want to sit where you are sitting.Shall we _ (交换)?6He_ (打行李)up what he might need during his journey and left home.7That's_ (正是)what I wanted to tell you.8He_ (定居)in the country after he returned from abroad.9_ (十几岁的青少年)are interested in computer games and spend much time playing them.10_ (准确地，确切地)speaking，he got here at eight fourteen this morning.11_ (在黄昏时刻)，his friends were playing _ (在户外)while the little boy hid himself behind the _ (窗帘)and looked out through the _ (积满灰尘的)window.12Do you think he can _ (康复) from his illness?13I would be _ (感激的) if you would like to help me.14He said it would rain，but I _ (不同意) with him.二、核心语法【知识梳理】1直接引语变间接引语如何变人称口诀：一随主；二随宾；第三不变。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：She said. "My brother wants to go shopping with me.”She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?”He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good boy.”Mr. Smith said Jack is/was a good boy.2直接引语变间接引语如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。 1) 一般现在时一般过去时态；She said: “ I am a student. ” She said (that) she was a student.2)一般将来时过去将来时She said, "He will go to see his friend.”She said he would go to see his friend。Tom said, “ I am going to play basketball tomorrow.” Tom said he was going to play basketball tomorrow.3) 现在进行时过去进行时；She said ,“I am reading a book.”She said she was reading a book.【解析】以下几种情况时态不变直接引语是客观真理。The teacher said "The earth moves around the sun .” The teacher said me the earth moves around the sun earth.直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Jack said. “I was doing chores when Tom came to see me”Jack said he was doing chores when Tom came to see him. 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。Jack said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980." 直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如： He said, “I get up at six every morning。”如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时（could, should, would, might）或者已经是过去时（ought to， had better, used to），形式时不变。The doctor said, “You should stay in bed for 2 days.” The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days.”Peter said. "You had better come here today." Peter said I had better go there that day.3直接引语变间接引语如何变状语直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday变为 the day before today变为 that day）ago before;this morning that morning;yesterday the day before;tomorrow the next day;next week the following week/the next week;yesterday morning the morning before.地点状语，尤其表示方向性的， here 变 thereThe teacher said ,“ You should come here at 7:00.” The teacher said I should go there at 7:00.4直接引语变间接引语谓语动词的变化：直接引语： must come bring间接引语： had to go takeShe said, " I will come here this evening."She said that she would go there that evening.5直接引语变间接引语如何变句型：直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes.”She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由 whether或if引导的宾语从句.He said, "Can you swim, John?“ He asked John if he could swim。 “Do you go to school by bus or by bike?”He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?”She asked me when they had their dinner.She asked me, "What was Jack doing when I come in?”She asked me what Jack was doing when she came in.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“Tell (ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.”句型。"Don't make any noise," the teacher said to the students.She told (ordered) the students not to make any noise.直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）”He said, "Let's go to the movies." He suggested going to the movies.或He suggested that they should go to see the movies.【例题精讲】例1将下列直接引语转换为间接引语。1. “We go to school on Saturday.”They said._2. Paul said, “Im trying to get a taxi.” _3. “I took the dictionary home with me,” he said._4.He said to me, “I have left my book in your room.”_5.”The children had better go to bed early,”she said._6.Kitty said “Ill call again after supper this evening.”_7.Teacher said to us:" The moon moves round the earth."_8.The teacher said to us :“Light travels faster than sound .”_9.He said to me, “I was bor