2013年英语二考研真题及答案解析.pdf
欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！2 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone elses accounts.The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task,and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues.A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data.There are concerns that government,employers,and marketers might be able to access these data,thereby violating our privacy.1.AMoreover BHowever CTherefore DOtherwise 2.Aoff Bback Cover Daround 3.Apower Bconcept Chistory Drole 4.Areverse Bresist Cresume Dreward 5.Asilent Bsudden Cslow Dsteady 6.Afor Bagainst Cwith Don 7.Aexpensive Bimaginative Csensitive Dproductive 8.Asimilar Boriginal Ctemporary Ddominant 9.Acollect Bcopy Cprovide Dprint 10.Agive up Btake over Cbring back Dpass down 11.Abefore Bafter Csince Dwhen 12.Akept Bborrowed Cwithdrawn Dreleased 13.AUnless BBecause CUntil DThough 14.Ahide Bexpress Cease Draise 15.Aanalyzed Bshared Cstored Ddisplayed 16.Aunsafe Bunnatural Cunclear Duncommon 17.Asteal Bchoose Cbenefit Dreturn 18.Aconsideration Bprevention Cmanipulation Djustification 19.Acall for B fight against Cadapt to D cope with 20.Achunk Bchip Ctrail Dpath 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！3 Section Reading Comprehension Part A Directions：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1 In an essay entitled“Making It in America,”the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated:The average mill has only two employees today,“a man and a dog.The man is there to feed the dog,and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidsons article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession,but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution,which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.In the past,workers with average skills,doing an average job,could earn an average lifestyle.But,today,average is officially over.Being average just wont earn you what it used to.It cant when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor,cheap robotics,cheap software,cheap automation and cheap genius.Therefore,everyone needs to find their extratheir unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes,new technology has been eating jobs forever,and always will.But theres been an acceleration.As Davidson notes,“In the 10 years ending in 2009,U.S.factories shed 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！4 workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years;roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobsabout 6 million in totaldisappeared.”There will always be changednew jobs,new products,new services.But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T.revolution,the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over,there are many things we need to do to support employment,but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post-high school education.21.The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate _.A the impact of technological advances B the alleviation of job pressure C the shrinkage of textile mills D the decline of middle-class incomes 22.According to Paragraph 3,to be a successful employee,one has to _.A work on cheap software B ask for a moderate salary C adopt an average lifestyle D contribute something unique 23.The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that _.A gains of technology have been erased B job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed C factories are making much less money than before D new jobs and services have been offered 24.According to the author,to reduce unemployment,the most important is _.A to accelerate the I.T.revolution 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！5 B to advance economic globalization C to ensure more education for people D to pass more bills in the 21st century 25.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?A New Law Takes Effect B Technology Goes Cheap C Average Is Over D Recession Is Bad Text 2 A century ago,the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners.Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay,and who would make some money and then go home.Between 1908 and 1915,about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed.About a quarter of all Italian immigrants,for example,eventually returned to Italy for good.They even had an affectionate nickname,“uccelli di passaggio,”birds of passage.Today,we are much more rigid about immigrants.We divide newcomers into two categories:legal or illegal,good or bad.We hail them as Americans in the making,or brand them as aliens to be kicked out.That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it.We dont need more categories,but we need to change the way we think about categories.We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal.To start,we can recognize the new birds of passage,those living and thriving in the gray areas.We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers,violinists,construction workers,entrepreneurs,engineers,home health-care aides and physicists are among todays birds of passage.They are energetic 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！6 participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work,money and ideas.They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them.They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission,they straddle laws,jurisdictions and identities with ease.We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever.We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle.Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes,including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26.“Birds of passage”refers to those who _.A stay in a foreign country temporarily B leave their home countries for good C immigrate across the Atlantic D find permanent jobs overseas 27.It is implied in Paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US _.A needs new immigrant categories B has loosened control over immigrants C should be adapted to meet challenges D has been fixed via political means 28.According to the author,todays birds of passage want _.A financial incentives B a global recognition C the freedom to stay and leave 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！7 D opportunities to get regular jobs 29.The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated _.A as faithful partners B with legal tolerance C with economic favors D as mighty rivals 30.The most appropriate title for this text would be _.A Come and Go:Big Mistake B Living and Thriving:Great Risk C With or Without:Great Risk D Legal or Illegal:Big Mistake Text 3 Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions,if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react,we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick,hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms;if we are judging whether someone is dangerous,our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly,within milliseconds.But we need more time to assess other factors.To accurately tell whether someone is sociable,studies show,we need at least a minute,preferably five.It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality,like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli arent exclusive to the interpersonal realm.Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster,even though reading has little to do with eating.We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else were doing.Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！8 Yet we can reverse such influences.If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face(one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling),we can take a moment before buying.If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants,we can help screeners understand their biasesor hire outside screeners.John Gottman,the marriage expert,explains that we quickly“thin slice”information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in“thick sliced”long-term study.When Dr.Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together,he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation:two days,not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals:dogs can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes.But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term.Although technology might change the way we react,it hasnt changed our nature.We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31.The time needed in making decisions may _.A predetermine the accuracy of our judgment B prove the complexity of our brain reaction C depend on the importance of the assessment D vary according to the urgency of the situation 32.Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions _.A can be associative B are not unconscious C can be dangerous D are not impulsive 33.To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should _.A trust our first impression 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！9 B think before we act C do as people usually do D ask for expert advice 34.John Gottman says that reliable snap reactions are based on _.A critical assessment B“thin sliced”study C adequate information D sensible explanation 35.The authors attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is _.A tolerant B optimistic C uncertain D doubtful Text 4 Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.In particular,the corporate workplace will never be completely family-friendly until women are part of senior management decisions,and Europes top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male.Indeed,women hold only 14 percent of positions on European corporate boards.The European Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of womenup to 60 percent.This proposed mandate was born of frustration.Last year,European Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action.Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goals of 40 percent female board membership.But her appeal was considered a failure:only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate ladder fairly as they balance work and family?欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！1 0 “Personally,I dont like quotas,”Reding said recently.“But I like what the quotas do.”Quotas get action:they“open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,”according to Reding,a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Redings reluctanceand her frustration.I dont like quotas either;they run counter to my belief in meritocracy,governance by the capable.But,when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal,it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all,four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as well as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top positionno matter how much“soft pressure”is put upon them.When women do break through to the summit of corporate poweras,for example,Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebookthey attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate public policies were in place to help all womenwhether CEOs or their childrens caregiversand all families,Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36.In the European corporate workplace,generally _.A women take the lead B men have the final say C corporate governance is overwhelmed D senior management is family-friendly 37.The European Unions intended legislation is _.A a reflection of gender balance B a response to Redings call C a reluctant choice 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！1 1 D a voluntary action 38.According to Reding,quotas may help women _.A get top business positions B see through the glass ceiling C balance work and family D anticipate legal results 39.The authors attitude toward Redings appeal is one of _.A skepticism B objectiveness C indifference D approval 40.Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of _.A more social justice B massive media attention C suitable public policies D greater“soft pressure”Part B Directions：Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitle from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45).There are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)A Live like a peasant B Balance your diet C Shopkeepers are your friends D Remember to treat yourself E Stick to what you need 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！1 2 F Planning is everything G Waste not,want not The hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits.After bills,Tony has 60 a week to spend,40 of which goes on food,but 10 years ago he was earning 130,0
