初中英语常考词汇.pdf
初中英语常考词汇及其词形变化初中英语常考词汇及其词形变化一、一、基数词与序数词。基数词与序数词。1.one-firstonce5.eight-eighth9.twenty-twentieth2.two-secondtwice6.nine-ninth10.twenty-onetwenty-first3.three-third7.ten-tenth11.thirty-twothirty-second4.five-fifth8.twelve-twelfth12.forty-fiveforty-fifthTip:Tip:另外，请同学们重视所有基数词与序数词的拼写。另外，请同学们重视所有基数词与序数词的拼写。二、二、常考的名词单复数。常考的名词单复数。man-mensheep-sheepscarf-scarves/scarfswoman-womenleaf-leavesgiraffe-giraffeschild-childrenlife-liveskangaroo-kangaroosmouse-miceknife-knivesEnglishman-Englishmentooth-teeththief-thievesGerman-Germansfoot-feetwolf-wolvesAmerican-Americansmouse-micewife-wivesFrenchman-Frenchmenhero-heroesmyself-ourselvesChinese-Chinesetomato-tomatoesyourself-yourselvesJapanese-Japanesepotato-potatoesherself-themselvesVietnamese-Vietnamesefish-fishhimself-themselvesdeer-deeritself-themselves三、三、常考的国家名与某国人（的）常考的国家名与某国人（的）/某国的某国的/某国语（的）某国语（的）。America-AmericanBrazil-BrazilianFrance-French-FrenchmanCanada-CanadianGermany-GermanAustralia-AustralianIndia-IndianSwitzerland-SwissRussia-RussianItaly-ItalianBritain-BritishMexico-MexicanJapan-JapaneseScotland-ScottishEgypt-EgyptianVietnam-VietnameseIreland-IrishAsia-AsianChina-ChineseSpain-SpanishAfrica-AfricanKorea-KoreanEngland-English-EnglishmanEurope-European四、四、常考的兼类词或多义词。常考的兼类词或多义词。1.hardadj.困难的;艰苦的live a hard lifeIts hard workadv.困难地;艰苦地;重地Its raining hardHes working hardhardly adv.几乎不I could hardly catch any word he said.I have hardly any time to do that.2.watchn.手表Whats the time by your watch?v.观看watch a movie3.soundn.声音Can you hear the sound of the wind outside?1link-V.听起来Sounds interesting!4.smellvt.闻;嗅Smell it carefully,it seems to be bad.link-V.闻起来It smells nice.n.气味;味道It gave out a terrible smell.5.tastevt.尝 品尝Can I taste it?link-V.尝起来It tastes .味道It has a nice taste.un.品位;鉴赏Different people have different taste about clothes.6.lookvi.看Look,here comes the bus.Look at the blackboard carefully.link-v.看起来She looks younger than she is.n.看;看一看Have a look at this new type of cars.7.getvi.到达How can I get there?vt.得到I got an opportunity of studying abroad.link-v.变得Its getting late.8.turnvi.转;翻;转身turn left/rightvt.拧;扭;旋转turn it onturn it offlink-v.变得Her face turned white at the news.n.轮次;秩序take turns to sth.do sth.in turn9.govi.1)走;去go to the cinema2)消失Everything has gone.link-v.变得;成为The meat in the fridge has gone bad.n.约定Its a go.一言为定。10.chickencn.小鸡There are many chickens on the farm.uc.鸡肉He usually has chicken and rice for supper.11.fishcn.鱼;鱼类I keep 5 fish as pets.All kinds of fishes could be seen in the river in the past.uc.鱼肉My favorite food is fish.12.plantcn.植物Plants are really important for our lives.vt.种植;栽种Many more trees have been planted on the hill.13.planvi.计划;打算I am planning to take a trip to our capital city Beijing.She is planning on going to America for further study.vt.计划;打算 You should plan your time well.n.计划;打算Good plan!214.answervi.回答He didnt answer.vt.回答Who can answer this question?n.回答the answer to the question15.replyvi.回复;答复;回应He didnt replay to my letter.n.回复;答复;回应I knocked at the door,but theres no reply.16.addressn.1)地址Do you have a email address?2)演讲;演说He made an address which moved lots of people at the get-together.vt.写/编地址;发表演讲;发表演说address a speech.17.travelvi.旅行Why not consider tavel(l)ing to Paris for your next vacation?n.旅行He is on a travel to Shanghai.18.tripvi.旅行I dont like to trip far.n.旅行go on a school trip19.wishvt.希望;祝愿Wish you happy!Wish you a nice vacation!Wish you success!vi.希望I wish to meet her again.n.希望;祝愿Best wishes to you!With best wishes!20.hopevt.希望I hope(that)you can help me with my English.vi.希望He hopes to be a successful doctor.n.希望There is still hope to save his eyes.21.sleepvi.睡觉Did you sleep well last night?n.睡觉Have a good sleep!Tip:学会使用 asleep&sleepy22.walkvi.步行 I like walking to school better than riding a bike.n.步行have a walk23.drivevi.驾驶;开车Who can drive?vt.1)驾驶;开车;开车送(人)Can you drive a car?She drove me to work today.2)驱使;迫使;That drove her mad.n.驾车旅行;开车行程two hours drive24.ridevt.搭乘;乘坐;骑ride a bicycle/horsen.搭乘;乘坐;骑get/offer/give sb.a ridego for a ridefive hours car ride The bike ridetakes about 20 minutes.25.kindn.种类all kinds ofa new kind ofadj.善良的 a kind teacher3Tip:kind of有点儿26.rightn.1)右边turn righton the righttake a right2)权力We should hold on to the right of dreaming.adj.1)右边的your right hand2)正确的Is the answer right?3)恰当的behave in the right wayHe is the right man for this job.adv.1)直;径直;完全;立即go right hometake you right there2)正确地Do it right next time.27.left.adj.1)左边的on the left side of the street2)剩余的Theres only 3 minutes left.n.左边on the leftturn lefttake a leftv.(vi./vt.leave的过去式)They left for Guangzhou two hours ago.28.workn.工作What hard work it is?vi.工作；起作用Does the medicine work?29.straightadj.直的；笔直的straight haira straight streetadv.1）直直地；笔直地walk straight along this road2）直接；径直；立即I usually go straight home after work.30.longadj.长的；长时间的a long waya long time agoadv.长期地；长久地Ive waited for you for long.31.highadj.高的Mother is afraid of high places.adv.高He jumps the highest in the class.highlyadv.高度地We all speak/think highly of the brave boy.32.cleanadj.干净的a clean classroomvt.打扫clean the class room33.emptyadj.空的an empty bottlevt.清空；腾空；倒空empty your diskempty the fridge before going out34.faradj.远的a far placeadv.远；远远地He lives far from his company35.reportvt.报告Its reported that twenty more workers were saved.n.报告make a report36.outsideadv.在外边They usually eat outside in the day.prep.在的外边outside the school gateadj.外边的the outside world437.insideadv.在里边It is a game that can be played inside.prep.在里边inside the houseadj.里边的inside floor38.facen.脸；面子；表情lose facemake facesvt.面对；面临face the challenge bravelyface lots of problemsface the sea/lake39.changen.变化；改变There have been great changes in that place since the earthquake.vi.变化；改变People sure change.vt.变化；改变change it into a bird40.challengen.挑战Just regard your problems as challenges!vt.挑战She challenged me to play chess with her.41.colorn.颜色clothes in all colorsvt.染色；给上色color it brown42.studyn.1）学业；学习pay more attention to your study2）研究scientific studiesvt.学习；研究 study it carefully43.shopn.商店a clothes shopvi.购物；买东西Did you shop yesterday?Go shoppingvt.购物；买东西He shop some food for himself44.experimentn.实验；试验do an experimentvi.实验；试验You should experiment with your new idea.45.experienceun.经验lots of experience of teaching Englishcn.经历Can you tell me about your experiences in the last vacation?vt.经验；经历；体会You can experience peaceful country life here.46.tryn.尝试have a tryvi.尝试Who would like to try?Try to do it!vt.尝试;试着做She is trying babysitting.48.attemptn.尝试；企图make an attempt to do sth.vt./vi.尝试；企图Dont attempt everything one time.attempt to do sth.attempt doing49.mindn.脑子；想法make up ones mind to do sth.vi.在乎；介意I dont mind.vt.在乎；介意Would you mind not smoking here?550.earlyadj.早的Early birds catch the worms.adv.早；早早地go to bed early51.lateadj.晚的She is late for school againadv.晚；晚地He got up late this morning.stay up late watching TVlatelyadv.近来；最近What did you do lately?52.interestcn.兴趣；爱好I have two interestscollecting ancient coins and painting.uc.兴趣I have no interest in what you said.places of interestvt.使感兴趣It interested me a lot.53.worryvt.使担忧；使担心You know what worries me.It worries me a lot.vi.担心；担忧Dont worry.n.担心；忧虑No worry.I have too many worries.54.influencen.影响have a good influence on sb.vt.影响My father influences me a lot.55.smilen.微笑with a smile on ones facevi.微笑He smiled but didnt say anything.56.shown.表演；上映；展览A new movie is on show.The flowers are just for show.vt.把出示给某人看show me your ticket,please.57.boatn.船in a boatvi.划船Lets go boating.58.caren.关心；爱护take good care of sb.vi.1）关心；爱护care forcare aboutvi./vt.在乎；介意I dont care!They dont care who they are going to work with.59.freeadj.自由的 免费的a free dayfree concertsvt.使自由；释放I freed the birds.60.loven.爱；喜欢show your love to othersput your love to good usevt.爱；喜欢She loves pop music.61.dressn.1）（尤指妇女儿童的）衣服；服装；2）女式长裙She is wearing a dress.vt.给穿衣dress myselfget dressedbe well dressedvi.穿衣dress casuallyMy parents dress casually on weekends.62.seatn.座位4000 seats6vt.让坐下；给安排坐位They seated us in Row 2.All visitors are seated.63.crowdn.（一）群；（一）团/簇；人群a crowd of peoplecrowds of sheep/cloudsvi.拥挤；挤满Dont crowd around me!vt.塞满；挤满They crowded the car with six people,including two kids.64.burnn.烧伤Running cold water is helpful to treat a small burn.vi.烧伤；烤焦；燃烧The house is burning.vt.烧；烤；烧伤；烤焦The sun burned my skin.65.cutn.切口I can see a deep cut in his head.vt.砍；割；切Cut up the fruit.66.helpn.帮助Thanks for your help.vi.帮助Does it help(with your problem)?Can I do anything to help?vt.帮助Can I help you?67.guiden.向导；指南；手册 buy a tour guideI want to be a tour guide when I am older.vt.向导；指引；带领guide us out of the forest.68.leadn.处于领先地位的人或事I believe I can keep the lead.vt.引导；领导（反义：词 mislead 误导）Its Mr.Wang who leads us to work hard on this work.adj.处于领先地位的；领先的a lead singer69.hitn.成功而轰动一时的事物This song used to be a hit.a hit CDvt.撞击；打击The car nearly hit the boy.70.markn.标志；印记；分数get high marks in the test.You are supposed to make marks while walking alone in the forest so that you wont get lost.vt.做标记；批阅The teacher is marking our papers.71.correctadj.正确的；恰当的a correct answervt.纠正；改正；订正correct our mistakes72.testn.考试；测试；测验have/take a testa lab testvt.考试；测试；测验to test a machine73.examn.考试；测试；测验have/take an examvt.考试；测试；测验exam your English74.emailn.电子邮件send/get an email7vi.发电子邮件Can you email on a mobile phone?vt.电子邮件给email your friends75.ordern.1）秩序putin order2）命令follow/obey ones orderbreak ones order3）点菜May I have your order?Heres your order.vt.1）命令order sb.(not)to do sth.vi./vt.点菜 Can you order now?What did you order?Just eat what you have ordered.76.wondern.奇迹；奇观The Great Wall is one of the seven wonders in the world.vt.奇怪；怀疑；想知道I wonder what I can do to help her.77.watern.水polluted waterpure waterrunning waterfresh water(淡水)vt.浇水；灌溉water the plantswater the fields78.milkn.牛奶Most babies live on milk.vt.挤奶Have you ever milked a cow on the farm?79.needn.需要It just meet your need.vi./vt.需要You dont need to come today.We need three more workers.80.liftn.电梯；提升We go up and down the building in a lift.vt.提起；举起Who can lift the basket of apples onto the truck?81.handn.手on your left handn.帮助Can you lend me a hand?vi./vt.交；递；给Please hand in your papers now.hand it to me82.crossn.叉；叉形物；十字架She wears a beautiful cross round her neck.vt.横穿Be careful when you cross the street.Tip:acrossprep.trek across the desertrun across China(横贯中国)83.rainn.雨What heavy rain it is!There will be rain tomorrow?vi.下雨It is raining hard/heavily outside now.84.snown.雪Many children like snow.vi 下雪It hardly ever snows in Chengdu in winter.85.sweetadj.甜的；糖的The soup tastes kind of sweet.n.糖果I like sweets a lot86.supportn.支持Thank you for your support.I need your support.vt.支持I will always support you.87.aid8n.帮助offer sb.aidget aid fromfirst-aidv.帮助He even aided his classmates.五、五、常考的近义词。常考的近义词。一）名词noise/sound/voicefamily/home/house/roominformation/messageend/endingadvice/suggestionwork/job二）形容词，副词，连词，介词等quick/quickly/fast/soonwhen/whileround/aroundmiddle/mediumloud/loudly/aloudnear/nearby/nearlyacross/through/past三）动词say/speak/tell/talk;look(at)/see/watch/noticehope/wishlisten(to)/hear/hear of/hear about/hear fromhelp/aidhit/beat/hurt/knockbeat/winlook for/find/find out/discoverdiscover/invent/create六、常考的形近词常考的形近词。except/expectexpression/impression/pressure/permissionfall-fell-fallenfill-filled-filledfeel-felt-feltalone/lonelypast/passlie-lay-lainlay-lain-lainfun/funnychange/exchange/challenge七、七、最常考的不规则动词。最常考的不规则动词。beleavebearlendbeatletbecomeliebeginlightblowlosebreakmakebringmeanbuildmeetburnpaybuyputcatchreadchooserendcomeridecutringdorisedrawrundrinksaydriveseeeatsellfallsendfeedset9feelfightfindfleeflyforbidforgetfreezegetgivegogrowhanghavehearhideholdhurtkeepknowlayleadlearncostprefermisleadshakeshootshowshutsingsinksitsleepspeakspellspendstandstealsweepswimtaketeachtellthinkthrowwakewearwinwritestickoversleep八、八、常考词形转换的词。常考词形转换的词。1.luck-lucky-luckily-unlucky-unluckilyGood luck!a lucky day/girlan unlucky experience2.noise-noisy-noisilymake noise(s)a noisy boydo sth.noisily3.heavy-heavilyWhat heavy rain it is!Its raining heavily4.strong-stronglyI strongly believe in that he is strong enough to get over it.5.develop-developing-developed-developmenta developing/developed country6.confuse-confused-confusingI am confused by his confusing questions.7.lead-mislead-misleadinga misleading advertisement8.choose-choiceI cant decide which one to choose.You have to make a choice.9.decide-decisiondecide to do sth.We should learn to make decisions for ourselves10.difficult-difficultyIts difficult for sb.to do sth.He worked out this math problem without any difficulty11.confident-confidenceConfident people always have confidence in themselves.12.different-difference-differentlybe different formCan you tell the differences between these two cars?Tom thinks/feels differently.1013.important-importancebe important tothe importance of14.mean-meaning-meansWhat do you mean?transportation means(交通方式)I understand the meaning of the sentence.15.salt-saltyThe salt is not salty enough.16.scared-scaryThe little boy is scared by the scrary story.17.thrill-thrilled-thrillinga thrilling tripfeel thrilled18.peace-peaceful-peacefullyNow they are living peacefully in the peaceful countryside.We hope people in the world can live together in peace.19.use-useful-uselessI dont know if its a useful book or a useless one.20.care-careful-carefully-careless-carelessly21.succeed-success-successful-successfully22.die-dying-dead-deatha dying cata dead catHis death makes everybody sad.23.health-healthy-healthily-unhealthy-unhealthily24.friend-friendly-friendship-friendlinessIts the friendship that counts.A friendly smile25.serve-serviceSnacks are served in our hotel.Friendly service is their advantage.26.forget-unforgettable-forgetfula forgetful teacheran unforgettable day27.able-unable-disabledbe able/unable to do sth.They provided the disabled boy with a job.28.honest(adj.)-honesty(un.)-dishonest(adj.)-dishonesty(un.)The dishonest boy used to be an honest good student.29.like-dislikevt.I dislike milk,I cant stand it.30.like-unlikeprep.Unlike you,I dont want to hang out now.31.know-known-unknown-knowledge-knowledgeable32.wonder-wonderful-wonderfullya wonderful piece of musicfinish a task wonderfully33.beauty-beautiful-beautifullyMy daughter can play this piece of music beautifully.34.advertise-advertisement-advertisingAdvertising is a big business in the modern society.35.serious-seriouslyAnything serious?Yes,her left leg is seriously injured.36.athlete-athleticAlmost all athletes have athletic bodies.37.surprise-surprising-surprised-surprisinglyto ones surprisebe surprised to do sth.do sth.surprisingly38.amaze-amazing-amazedbe amazed at sth.an amazing story39.collect-collection-collectorThe stamp collector has a big collection of stamps.40.translate-translation-translatorThe translator is doing some translation work.41.interview-interviewerAn interviewer interviewed me on the radio program yesterday.42.report-reporterIts reported thatI used to work as a repo
