初中英语单词分类记忆大全.pdf
初中英语单词分类初中英语单词分类一、分类记忆法一、分类记忆法名词(1)星期(week)Monday(星期一)Tuesday(星期二)Wednesday(星期三)Thursday(星期四)(2)月份(month)January(一月)February(二月)March(三月)April(四月)May(五月)June(六月)(3)季节(season)spring(春节)summer(夏天)(4)时间(time)second(秒)minute(分)hour(小时)day(天)night(夜)(5)国家(country)China(中国)Japan(日本)Friday(星期五)Saturday(星期六)Sunday(星期天)July(七月)August(八月)September(九月)October(十月)November(十一月)December(十二月)autumn(秋天)winter(冬天)week(星期)month(月份)year(年)century(世纪)England(英国)India(印度)1Canada(加拿大)America/the United States(美国)Australia(澳大利亚)(6)大洲Asia(亚洲)Africa(非洲)(7)方位(direction)east(东)south(南)north(北)right(右)(8)交通工具(transport)bike/bicycle(自行车)bus(公共汽车)car(小汽车)jeep(吉普车)(9)饮食(meal)breakfast(早餐)lunch(午餐)supper(晚餐)(10)米面及肉类食品rice(米、米饭)porridge(粥)dumpling(饺子)noodle【常用复数】(面条)meat(肉)(11)水果(fruit)Germany(德国)Russia(俄罗斯)France(法国)America(美洲)Europe(欧洲)west(西)left(左)train(火车)ship(轮船)plane(飞机)dinner(正餐、晚餐)snack(快餐)picnic(野餐)beef(牛肉)mutton(羊肉)chicken(鸡肉)egg(鸡蛋)2apple(苹果)banana(香蕉)pear(梨子)(12)蔬菜(vegetable)tomato(西红柿)potato(马铃薯)onion(洋葱)(13)零食(snack)chocolate(巧克力)hamburger(汉堡包)cake(蛋糕)bread(面包)mooncake(月饼)ice cream(冰淇淋)cheese(奶酪)(14)饮料(drink)juice(果汁)milk(牛奶)tea(茶)(15)调料(relish)butter(黄油)sauce(酱油)(16)学习用品pen(钢笔)pencil(铅笔)eraser(橡皮擦)(17)颜色(color)orange(橙子)strawberry(草莓)carrot(胡萝卜)cabbage(洋白菜、卷心菜)salad(沙拉)dessert(甜食)candy(糖果)biscuit(饼干)pie(馅饼)cheese(干酪;奶酪)green tea(绿茶)coffee(咖啡)sugar(糖)salt(盐)ruler(直尺)knife(小刀)3red 红色(的)yellow 黄色(的)blue 蓝色(的)green 绿色(的)black 黑色(的)white 白色(的)(18)衣着clothes(衣服)hat(帽子)shirt(衬衫)T-shirt(男衬衫)coat(外套、上衣)raincoat(雨衣)uniform(制服)skirt(裙子)(19)科目(subject)Chinese(汉语)math(数学)English(英语)history(历史)P.E.(体育)(20)身体部位(body)head(头)hair(头发)neck(脖子)eye(眼睛)nose(鼻子)orange 橙黄色(的)brown 棕色(的)褐色(的)pink 粉红色(的)purple 紫色(的)gray 灰色(的)dress(裙子、衣服)trousers(裤子)pants(裤子)jeans(牛仔裤)shorts(短裤)sock(袜子)shoe(鞋子)geography(地理)biology(生物)physics(物理)chemistry(化学)mouth(嘴巴)tooth(牙齿)ear(耳朵)face(脸)arm(手臂)4hand(手)finger(手指)heart(心)back(背部)(21)亲属father(父亲)mother(妈妈)parents(父母)grandfather/grandpa(爷爷、外公)grandmother/grandma(奶奶、外婆)grandparents(爷爷奶奶、外公外婆)brother(哥、弟)sister(姐、妹)(22)动物(animal)lion(狮子)tiger(老虎)elephant(大象)camel(骆驼)cow(奶牛)pig(猪)fox(狐狸)snake(蛇)duck(鸭子)chicken(鸡)hen(母鸡)bird(小鸟)(23)职业knee(膝盖)leg(腿)foot(脚)cousin 堂(表)兄弟、堂(表)姐妹husband(丈夫)妻子(wife)son(儿子)daughter(女儿)uncle(叔、伯、舅、姨夫、姑父)aunt(姨母、姑母、伯母、婶母、舅母)rabbit(兔子)panda(熊猫)deer(鹿)giraffe(长颈鹿)sheep(羊)fish(鱼)ant(蚂蚁)mouse(mice)/rat(老鼠)dog(狗)cat(猫)monkey(猴子)pig(猪)5teacher(老师)doctor(医生)nurse(护士)policeman(男警察)policewoman(女警察)reporter(记者)shop assistant(店员)bank clerk(银行职员)(24)公共场所shop/store(商店)bank(银行)hospital(医院)police station(警察局)TV station(电视站)stop(车站)cinema(电影院)theater(戏剧院)hotel(旅馆)restaurant(餐馆)(25)学校(school)primary school(小学)middle school(中学)junior high school(初中)(26)房间(room)Living-room(起居室、客厅)bedroom(卧室)(27)宇宙waiter(服务员)scientist(科学家)student(学生)farmer(农民)fisherman(渔夫)cook(厨师)barber(理发师)factory(工厂)company(公司)market(市场)supermarket(超市)museum(博物馆)post office(邮局)school(学校)airport(飞机场)church(教堂)senior high school(高中)university(大学)bathroom(洗澡房)kitchen(厨房)6sun(太阳)moon(月亮)star(星星)earth(地球)sky(天空)(28)天气(weather)sunny(晴朗的)rainy(多雨的)cloudy(多云的、阴天的)(29)运动(sport)basketball(篮球)football(足球)volleyball(排球)(30)乐器drum(鼓)trumpet(喇叭)piano(钢琴)二、构词记忆法二、构词记忆法1、合成法air(空气)rain(雨)cloud(云)wind(风)snow(雪)windy(有风的)snowy(多雪的)baseball(棒球)tennis(网球)table tennis/ping-pong(乒乓球)violin(小提琴)guitar(吉他)由两个或者两个以上的词合成新词,这种构词法叫做合成法。classroom(教室)=class+room,worldwide(全世界的)=world(世界)+wide(广泛的),downstairs(在楼下)=down(向下)+stairs(楼梯),friendship(友谊)=friend(朋友)+ship(船),everywhere(各地;到处)=every+where.homework(家庭作业)=home+work,7housework(家务)=house+work,southeast(东南部)=south+east,underground(地下的)=under(在下面)+ground(地面),schoolbag(书包)school+bag,homeland(故乡;祖国)home(家)+land(土地),hometown(家乡)home(家)+town(镇),basketball(篮球)basket(篮子)+ball(球),special(adj.特殊的)special(n.特色菜),stop(v.停止)stop(n.车站),countryside(乡村)country(国家;乡村)+side(边),playground(操场)play(玩)+ground(地面),toothbrush(牙刷)tooth+brush(刷),toothpaste(牙膏)tooth+paste(糊状物),oversleep(睡过头)over+sleep,earthquake(地震)earth(地球)+quake(震动)2、词缀记忆法(1)前缀1)un-(不、非,表否定):able(能够的)unable(不能的)、comfortable(舒服的)uncomfortable(不舒服的)、crowded(拥挤的)uncrowded(不拥挤的)、pleasant(令人愉快的)unpleasant(使人不愉快的)、usual(寻常的)unusual(不同寻常的)、healthy(健康的)unhealthy(不健康的)、happy(快乐的)unhappy(不快乐的)、friendly(友好的)unfriendly(不友好的)、2)dis-(不、非,表否定):8advantage(优点、优势)disadvantage(缺点、劣势)、cover(覆盖)discover(发现)、agree(同意)disagree(不同意)、likedislike(不喜欢)、honest(诚实的)dishonest(不诚实的)、play(玩)display(陈列)3)im-(不、非,表否定):polite(有礼貌的)impolite(不礼貌的)、possible(可能的)impossible(不可能的)4)re-(又、再、重新):review(复习)、return(归还)、rewrite(重写)、recycle(再循环;回收利用)5)inter-(相互、在一起):interview(面试)、international(国际的)、internet(因特网)6)en-(使)encourage(鼓励)、endanger(危及;使遭受危险)(2)后缀1)-or/-er(从事某职业的人或某类人):actor(演员)visitor(参观者)collector(搜集者)translator(翻译家)director(主任;主管)singer(歌手)teacher(老师)reader(读者)writer(作家)foreigner(外国人)learner(学习者)villager(村民)winner(胜利者)foreigner(外国人)owner(所有者;物主)law(法律)lawyer(律师)9特例:post(邮寄;邮政)poster(海报)draw(画画)drawer(抽屉)elevate(提升)elevator(电梯)equal(平等的)equator(赤道)cook(煮)cook(厨师)cooker(厨具)、2)-ist(人,名词后缀):science(科学)scientist(科学家)、art(艺术)artist(艺术家)、tour(n.v.旅行)tourist(旅行者)、terrorist(恐怖分子)3)-tion(表示动作、状态,名词后缀):predict(v.预言)prediction(n.预言)、compete(v.竞争)competition(n.竞争)、invite(v.邀请)invitation(n.邀请、请柬)、invent(v.发明)invention(n.发明)instruct(v.指示)instruction(n.指示;用法说明)attend(v.注意)attention(n.注意、专心)、describe(v.描述)description(n.描述)、attract(v.吸引)attraction(n.有吸引力的事物或人)、pollute(v.污染)pollution(n.污染)、donate(捐赠)donation(捐赠物;捐款)、organize(组织)organization(组织;机构)、pronounce(发音)pronunciation(发音(法))4)-ment(表示动作、状态,名词后缀):develop(v.发展)development(n.发展)、flower(花)finger(手指)slipper(拖鞋)helicopter(直升机)refrigerator(冰箱)calculator(计算器)10advertise(v.登广告)advertisement(n.广告)、entertain(v.款待;使娱乐)entertainment(n.娱乐)、improve(v.改善)improvement(n.改善)、argue(v.争论)argument(n.争论)、state(v.陈述)statement(n.陈述;声明)、require(v.要求)requirement(n.要求)、government(政府)5)-ture/-ure(名词后缀)picture(图画)temperature(温度)future(将来)structure(结构;构造)6)-th(名词后缀)true(真实的)truth(真相)breath(n.呼吸)7)-ful(充满,形容词后缀):success(成功)successful(成功的)、wonder(奇迹)wonderful(精彩的)、colorcolorful(颜色鲜艳的、丰富多彩的)、beauty(美的东西)beautiful(美丽的)、carecareful(仔细的、小心的)、peacepeaceful(平静的、和平的)、playplayful(顽皮的)8)-less(没有、无,形容词后缀):carecareless(粗心的)、helphelpless(无助的)、9)-y(表性质,形容词后缀):homehomeless(无家可归的birth(n.出生)creature(生物)pressure(压力)pleasure(愉快)11fun(乐趣)funny(有趣的)、health(健康)healthy(健康的)、sleep(睡觉)sleepy(困倦的)、taste(味道;品尝)tasty(味美可口的)特例:photography(摄影(业))energy(活力;力量)10)-al(的,形容词后缀):luck(运气)lucky(幸运的)shiny(有光泽的;发亮的)sleepy(困倦的)guilty(内疚的;有罪的)salty(含盐的;咸的)nature(大自然、天性)natural(天然的、天生的、自然的)、nation(国家)national(国际的)、person(个人)personal(私人的、个人的)、medicine(药、医学)medical(医学的)、normal(正常的)、final(最后的)11)-able(能够的,形容词后缀):comfortable(舒服的)knowledgeable(知识渊博的)12)-ous(形容词后缀)delicious(美味的)nervous(紧张的)13)-ern(表方向的):eastern(东方的)western(西方的)14)-ly(形容词或副词后缀):作形容词后缀时:lovely(可爱的)friendly(友好的)作副词后缀时:lively(充满活力的)daily(每日的;日常的)usually(通常)southern(南方的)northern(北方的)enormous(巨大的)adjustable(可调整的)suitable(合适的)12simply(简单地)probably(可能地)really(真正地)quickly(迅速地)slowly(缓慢地)certainly(当然)15)-ed(形容词后缀):surprised(感到惊讶的)interested(感兴趣的)excited(感到兴奋的)relaxed(轻松的)worry(担心)worried(烦恼的)annoyed(恼怒的)、embarrassed(感到尴尬的)16)-ing(形容词或名词后缀):形容词后缀:interesting(有趣的)exciting(令人兴奋的)outstanding(杰出的)amazing(令人惊异的)disappointing(令人失望的)following(以下的)、willing(乐意的;心甘情愿的)fascinating(迷人的)名词后缀:building(建筑物)training(训练)clearly(清楚地;明显地)extremely(极其;非常)gradually(逐渐地)strongly(坚定地)exactly(正;恰恰)normally(通常;正常地)organized(有组织的)injured(受伤的)tired(疲倦的)spotted(有斑点的)endangered(濒临灭绝的)polluted(被污染的)frustrating(令人失望的)embarrassing(令人尴尬的)tiring(令人疲倦的)confusing(令人困惑的)convincing(令人信服的)thrilling(令人激动的)misleading(令人误解的;骗人的)meaning(意思)ending(结局;结尾)13附:国家、地区加后缀后表示“民族、语言或所属国家、地区(人或语言)的”China(中国)Chinese 中国人、汉语、中国(人)的Japan(日本)Japanese 日本人、日语、日本(人)的England(英国)Englishman 英国人、英国男人Englishwoman 英国女人English 英语(的),英国(人)the English总称英国人America(美国/洲)American 美国/洲人、美国(英)语、美国(人)的Australia(澳大利亚、澳洲)Australian 澳大利亚人、澳大利亚(人)的India(印度)Indian 印第安人、印第安语、印度的、印第安人的Russia(俄罗斯)Russian 俄国人、俄国的Canada(加拿大)Canadian 加拿大人、加拿大(人)的France(法国)French 法语(的)、法国(人)的the French总称法国人Frenchman 法国男人Frenchwoman 法国女人Germany(德国)German 德语(的)、德国(人)的Asia(亚洲)Asian 亚洲人、亚洲(人)的Africa(非洲)African 非洲人、非洲(人)的Europe(欧洲)European 欧洲人、欧洲(人)的3、转化法一个单词由一种词类转化为另一种词类,这种构词法教转化法。单词转化后意义往往与之前的意义密切联系。show(n.展览、展示)show(v.表演、展出),water(n.水)water(v.浇水),slow(adj.慢的)slow(v.放慢),walk(v.散步、走)take a walk(n.散步),rest(v.休息)take a rest(n.休息),14look(v.看)have a look(n.看一下,看一看),store(n.商店)store(v.储存),graduate(v.毕业生)graduate(v.毕业),taste(n.味道)taste(味道;鉴赏力),sound(n.声音)sound(v.听起来),light(n.光线)light(v.点燃)study(v.学习;研究)study(n.学习;研究),smell(n.嗅觉;气味)smell(v.闻),empty(adj.空的)empty(v.排空),fool(n.愚人)fool(愚弄),kid(n.小孩)kid(v.开玩笑;戏弄),land(n.陆地)land(v.着陆),display(n.陈列;展览)display(v.陈列;展览),smile(n.微笑)smile(v.微笑),waste(n.浪费;废弃物)waste(v.浪费),lock(n.锁)lock(v.锁住),book(n.书)book(v.预定),4、缩写和简写telephonephone(电话),airplaneplane(飞机),laboratorylab(实验室),advertisementad(广告),examinationexam(考试),mathematicsmath(数学),photograghphoto(照片),veterinarianvet(兽医)、refrigeratorrefrige(冰箱),televisionTV(电视机)三、同义近义词记忆法三、同义近义词记忆法answerreply(回答)reachget toarrive at/in(到达)beginstart(开始)fastquick(快速的)questionproblem(问题)healthyfit(健康的)15voicesound(声音)tourtrip(旅行)bicyclebike(自行车)oftenusually(常)illsick(生病的)ratmouse(老鼠)trashlitterrubbishgarbage(垃圾)possibleprobable(可能的)veryquite(非常)shopstore(商店)cleversmart(聪明的)holidayvacation(假期)cutelovely(可爱的)areadistrict(地区)filmmovie(电影)四、反义词记忆法四、反义词记忆法manwomanboygirlmistermadamwaiter(男服务生)waitress(女服务员)police(警察)thief(小偷)beforeafterbigsmalleasydifficultaskanswerborrowreturnlook aftertake care of/care for(照顾)photophotograghrightcorrectimpoliterude(不礼貌的;粗鲁的)termsemester(学期)pursewallet(钱包)disappointingfrustrating 令人失望的fixrepairmend(修理)fleeescaperun away(逃跑)smoke(抽烟)snake(蛇)themetopic(主题)perhapsprobably(或许;大概)chanceopportunity(机会)companyfirm(公司)shakequake(震动)drywetearlylatebirthdeathcoldhotcoolwarmcarefulcarelesssafedangerousbuysellcheapexpensiveyoungold16newoldhungryfullstrongweakbusyfreelaughcrypossibleimpossiblelosefindlongshorttall(高的)short(矮的)firstlastinterestingboringawakeasleeprichpoorhealthyillancientmodernquickslowpositive(积极的、肯定的)negative(消极的、否定的)pushpullbeautifulugly(丑陋的)quietnoisysucceedfailcleandirty五、形近词记忆法aloud(大声地)cloud,bandbankhigh(高的)low(低的)rightwrongfatthin(瘦的)updownlikedislikelovehatesavewasteacceptrefuse(拒绝)lightheavytakebringsamedifferentfull(饱的)hungry(饿的)full(满的)empty(空的)adult(成年人)child(小孩)huge(巨大的)tiny(微小的)native(本地的;本国的 foreign(外国的)wait in line(排队等候 cut in line(插队)out of style(过时的 in style(时尚的)soft(柔软的)hard(坚硬的)hard-working(勤勉的)lazy(懒惰的)accept(接受)refuse(拒绝)betterletterbedred17boxfoxcarrymarrytalkwalkfromform(形成、养成)meatmeetsheshyplanplaykindkinghandhangwillwishwastetastehearheartcause(引起)course(课程)treetruesoonmoonlistlistennumberNovemberfuture(将来)furniture(家具)inviteinvent,boytoybirdbridge(桥)imagine(想象)magazine(杂志ringking,sweep(打扫)sweet(甜的)rulerulerreadyalreadyquitequiet(安静的)moneymonkeybankblank(空白的)taketape(录音带)movemoviespeedspeechshirtshortthirdtiredsalesafedoorfloorkitchenchickentomatopotatoeightheight(高度)placepalace(宫殿)throughthoughwashwishdreamdrumrestrestaurantcupcutwatchmatchsandstandprogramprogressmilemilkfailmailbelt(带子)leftreadbreadexcuse(原谅)exercisestarstayteateam18strict(严厉的)districtagainagainst(反对)bark(吠声)dark(黑暗(的))parkrocksockpartypartner(伙伴)camera(相机)comedy(喜剧)shoeshow(展示、表演)tower(塔)towel(毛巾)deardeal(处理)dress(穿衣服)press(压)roof(屋顶)root(根)special(特殊的)specific(明确的;具体的)fly(飞行)fry(油煎)dream(梦想)cream(奶油)rush(冲)brush(刷)chess(象棋)less(更少的)bow(鞠躬;弯腰)bowl(碗;一碗的容量)bridge(桥)porridge(粥)station(车站;站)situation(情景;kill(杀害)skill(技巧)member(成员)remember(牢记)flee(逃跑)free(自由的)camp(露宿)calm(镇静的)附录:一、不规则形容词副词比较级与最高级一、不规则形容词副词比较级与最高级bigpigpet(宠物)vet(兽医)popular(流行的)population(人口)square(广场)quarter(四分之一;一刻钟)complain(抱怨)explain(解释)lazy(懒惰的)crazy(疯狂的)shall(将要)shell(贝壳)garage(汽车库)garbage(垃圾)skin(皮肤)sink(沉没)scoop(勺子;用勺舀)spoon(调羹)middle(中间(的))riddle(谜语)staff(原料;材料)stuff(职员)cheer(喝彩;鼓励)cheese(奶酪)glue(粘贴;胶水)blue(蓝色)catch(抓住)fetch(去拿来;来拿去)plane(飞机)planet(行星)purpose(目的;意图)purse(钱包)smile(微笑)similar(相似的)pie(馅饼)tie(领带)left(左边)lift(举起)ten(十)net(网)hatchat(聊天)19原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstillworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurthestfurthest二、不规则名词复数形式二、不规则名词复数形式(1)单复数同形的名词ChineseChinese,JapaneseJapanese,deerdeer,sheepsheep,fishfish(2)单复数不同形的名词childchildren,footfeet,toothteeth,manmen,womanwomen,GermanGermans,mousemice附:以 f(e)结尾的单词,一般变 f 为 v,再加 es 或 s。如:wifewives,knifeknives,wolfwolves,thiefthieves,shelfshelves,oneselfoneselves,lifelives,halfhalves,leafleaves把这几个词记下来:妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌;躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。特例:roof(屋顶)其复数形式为 roofs;等等。三、不规则动词表三、不规则动词表1、过去式与过去分词与动词原形相同的动词beatbeatbeat/beatencost costcost20cutcutcuthit hit hithurthurt hurtlet let letputputputreadreadread2、原单词中字母 i 改为 a 即可变为其过去式和过去分词的动词babysitbabysatbabysatsitsatsat3、原单词中字母 i 改为 a 即可变为其过去式,字母 i 改为 u 即可变为其过去分词的动词beginbeganbegundrinkdrankdrunkringrangrungsingsangsungswimswamswum4、原单词 aw/ow 改为 ew 即可变为其过去式,单词后面加上字母 n 即可变为其过去分词的动词draw drew drawngrow grew grownknowknewknown5、原单词 eep 改为 ept 即可变为其过去式和其过去分词的动词keepkeptkeptsleep sleptsleptsweep sweptswept6、原单词 end 改为 ent 即可变为其过去式和其过去分词的动词lendlentlent21spendspentspentsendsentsent7、过去式和过去分词以 aught/ought 结尾的动词bring broughtbroughtbuy boughtboughtcatch caughtfight foughtthink thoughtteach taught8、过去式与过去分词同样的动词build builtfeedfedfeel feltfind foundhang hung hangedhave/has hadhearheardholdheldlaylaidlearn learned/learntleave leftloselostmakemademeanmeantmeetmetpaypaidcaughtfoughtthoughttaughtbuiltfedfeltfoundhunghangedhadheardheldlaidlearned/learntleftlostmademeatmetpaid22saysaidsaidshowshowedshowed/shownspellspelled/speltspelled/speltstandstoodstoodtelltoldtoldwin9、其它特殊记am/isarebearbreakdo/doesdriveeatfallflyforgetfreezegetgivegolieliemayriderunseewonwaswereborebrokediddroveatefellflewforgotgotgavewentlayliedmight roderansawwonbeenbeenbornbrokendonedriveneatenfallenflownforgotten/forgotfrozengotten/gotgiven gonelainlied/riddenrunseen23 frozeshall should/speakspokespokentaketooktakenwear worewornwrite wrotewritten24