江苏省徐州市2018年中考英语试卷及答案解析.pdf

徐州市徐州市 20182018 年初中学业水平考试年初中学业水平考试英语试题英语试题一、选择填空一、选择填空从从 A A、B B、C C、D D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Where do we usually see the sign?A.On the bus.B.In the streetC.Inside the museum.D.In the swimming pool【答案】B【解析】句意：我们通常在哪里看到这个标志？on the bus 在公交车上；in the street 在大街上；inside themuseum 在博物馆里；in the swimming pool在游泳池里。所给图片的意思是：禁止停车，这样的标志应该是在大街上可以看到，故应选B。2.一 I love these hair clips.are they?一 They are ten yuan.A.How manyB.How muchC.How oldD.How heavy【答案】B【解析】句意：-我喜欢这些发夹，他们多少钱？-十元。How many 多少，提问数量，修饰可数名词；Howmuch 多少，提问数量，修饰不可数名词；多少钱，提问价格；How old 多大，提问年龄；How heavy 多重，提问重量。根据下面的回答They are ten yuan可知，这里问的是发夹的价格，故选B。3.lives together with Mrs Black.She lives alone.A.SomebodyB.AnybodyC.NobodyD.Everybody【答案】C【解析】句意：没有人和Black 夫人住在一起，她一个人住。Somebody 某人；Anybody 任何人；Nobody 没有人；Everybody 每个人。根据句意She lives alone 可知，Black 夫人独自居住，所以没有人和她一起住，选C。4.If you dont feel well,youd better askfor help.1A.a policemanB.an accountantC.a pilotD.a doctor【答案】Da policeman 一个警察；an accountant 一个会计；a pilot【解析】句意：如果你感觉不舒服，你最好向医生求助。一个飞行员；a doctor 一个医生。根据句意If you dont feel well可知，这里说的是感觉不舒服的时候，应该找医生，故应选 D。5.Would you like some coffee?No,thanks.Idrink coffee.A.seldomB.oftenC.onlyD.always【答案】A【解析】句意：你想要喝一些咖啡吗？-不，谢谢。我很少喝咖啡。seldom 很少，几乎没有；often 经常；only仅仅，只；always 总是，一直。根据对话的意思可知，说话人拒绝了对方喝咖啡的建议，因此我们可以知道，他不喝咖啡，故应选A。6.The latest mobile phonein China.A.will makeB.has madeC.is makingD.is made【答案】D【解析】句意：最新的手机是在中国制造的。will make 将会制造，一般将来时态；has made 现在完成时态；is making 现在进行时态；is made 一般现在时的被动语态。根据句意可知，这句话的主语The latest mobilephone 与谓语动词 make 之间构成被动关系，应用被动语态，选项中只有D 是被动形式，故选 D。7.What are you doing?Im lookingthe kids.They should be back for dinner now.A.afterB.atC.forD.up【答案】C【解析】句意：-你在做什么？-我正在找孩子们，他们现在应该回来吃晚饭了。look after 照顾；look at 看；look for 寻找；look up 查找。根据对话的意思They should be back for dinner now可知，孩子们该回来吃晚饭了，但没有回来，所以说话人在找他们。故选C。8.Millie spoke in a very low voice,but Iunderstand what she said.A.couldB.mightC.canD.may【答案】A2【解析】句意：Millie 用很低的声音说话，但是我能明白她说了什么。could 能，是 can 的过去式；might 可以，可能；can 能；may 可以，可能。根据句意和句中的 but 表示转折可知，这里表示“能够明白”上句话中Millie spoke in用的是一般过去时态，故这里也用过去时，选A。9.Sandy seemedthis morning.Do you know what was wrong?A.satisfiedB.relaxedC.amazedD.unhappy【答案】D【解析】句意：Sandy 今天早上好像不开心，你知道她怎么了吗？satisfied 满足的，满意的；relaxed 放松的；amazed 吃惊的；unhappy 不开心的。根据句中 what was wrong 可知，Sandy 不开心了，故应选 D。10.I look stupid with this haircut.All my classmates willme.A.laugh atB.agree withC.depend onD.worry about【答案】A【解析】句意：我剪了头发看起来很傻，我所有的同学都嘲笑我。laugh at 嘲笑；agree with 同意；dependon 依靠，取决于；worry about 为担心。根据句意 I look stupid可知，这里应表示“嘲笑”，故选 A。11.We must find outthe professor is coming,so we can book a room for him.A.howB.whyC.whenD.where【答案】C【解析】句意：我们必须查明教授什么时候回来，所以我们可以给他预订一个房间。how 怎样；why 为什么；when 什么时候；where 在哪里。根据句意 so we can book a room for him可知，应该是知道教授什么时候回来，才能给他订房间，故应选C。12.As an engineer,you cant becareful.You should pay attention to every detail.A.veryB.tooC.soD.quite【答案】B【解析】句意：作为一名工程师，你再小心都不为过，你应该注意每个细节。very 很，非常；too 太；so 如此；quite 相当，很。cant too是一个固定的句型，“再也不为过，越越好”，故应选 B。13.You dont have to tell me your answer now.Give it someand then let me know.A.supportB.helpC.protectionD.thought【答案】D3【解析】句意：你不必现在告诉我你的答案，考虑一下，然后告诉我。support 支持；help 帮助；protection保护；thought 想法。根据句意 You dont have to tell me your answer now可知，这里应表示让对方考虑一下再做回答，故应选 D，give it some thought是固定短语，“考虑一下”。14.Linda was busy when I went to see her yesterday.Shefor an exam.A.will studyB.was studyingC.has studiedD.is studying【答案】B【解析】句意：我昨天看到Linda 的时候，她非常的忙，她正在为考试复习。will study 一般将来时态，将要学习；was studying 过去进行时态，表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作；has studied 现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响；is studying 现在进行时，表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。根据句中所给的情景see her yesterday可知，这里表示昨天看到 Linda 的时候，她正在做的事情，应用过去进行时态，故选 B。15.How is your English going?.I can read pretty well and my writing has improved.A.Not badB.Not yetC.Not at allD.Not any more【答案】A【解析】句意：-你的英语学得怎么样？-还不错，我能很好的阅读，而且我的写作水平也提高了。Not bad还不错；Not yet.还没有；Not at all.没关系；Not any more 不再。根据句意 How is your English going?可知，这里问的是英语的学习情况，答语中应用形容词，故应选A。二、完形填空二、完形填空根据短文内容，从各题所给的根据短文内容，从各题所给的 A A、B B、C C、D D四个选项中选出最佳选项。四个选项中选出最佳选项。What will the future world be like?Many people are glad to give their _16_ Here are two imaginationsabout the world of _17_ When people talk about the future,we like to think that well have our own personalflying car.We would fly at 480 kilometres per hour,avoiding traffic lights，_18_ roads and speedingtickets _19_，some people point to the disadvantages of flying cars.One big problem is:what will happen if theflying cars _20_?Then there will be problems with traffic control.Also,if_21_ become popular,therewill surely be too much air traffic _22_ it seems that flying cars will face more than a few problems if they areto get off the ground!.Imagine you have your own Ironman_23_.Several companies are trying to build apractical robot exoskeleton.This is a suit of robot arms and legs which follows your movement.It will_24_the wearer to lift heavy objects,walk a long way and even punch through walls!It is_25_ in many ways,4especially for people with disabilities.This suit might help people to walk again after_26_ or injury（受伤）.Butthe disadvantage at the moment is the_27_.Even a simple suit can cost hundreds of thousands of pounds.Another problem is battery life.A suit like this needs a lot of_28_ and batteries only last about 15 minutes at themoment.One other problem is that a badly programmed robot wearer.You wouldnt want your robot leg or armbending（弯曲）suit could _29_ the the wrong way.car above our heads,So in the future，_30_ we might be able to fly to work and lift a there are plenty of problems to solve beforethis will be possible.16.A.suggestionsB.instructionsC.opinionsD.reasons17.A.pastB.yesterdayC.presentD.tomorrow18.A.emptyB.wideC.busyD.dirty19.A.MoreoverB.InsteadC.In factD.However20.A.put downB.break downC.write downD.calm down21.A.theyB.youC.weD.I22.A.AndB.ButC.SoD.or23.A.glovesB.suitC.helmetD.shoes24.A.askB.wishC.inviteD.allow25.A.beautifulB.peacefulC.colorfulD.useful26.A.diseaseB.holidayC.workD.party27.A.qualityB.priceC.needD.number28.A.chancesB.powerC.restD.experience29.A.hurtB.attractC.protectD.attack30.A.whetherB.unlessC.althoughD.until16.C17.D18.C19.D20.B21.A22.C23.B24.D25.D26.【答案】A27.B28.B29.A30.C【解析】这篇短文给我们想象了未来世界的样子，文章中主要提到了关于未来世界的两个想象：一个是飞行汽车；另一个是钢铁侠套装。这两种发明都有他们的优点，但同时也有很多的问题需要解决。16.句意：很多人都乐意给出他们的观点。suggestions 建议；instructions指导；opinions观点；reasons理由。根据上句话 What will the future world be like?可知，这个问题是“未来的世界会是什么样子的？”关于这个问题，不同的人会有不同的看法，故应选C。517.句意：这里有两个关于明天世界的想象。past 过去；yesterday昨天；present现在；tomorrow明天。根据短文开头第一句话 What will the future world be like?可知，这篇短文想象的是未来的世界，故应选D。18.句意：empty 空的；wide宽的；busy我们每小时能飞 480 英里，避开交通灯、拥挤的道路和超速罚款单。忙的；dirty脏的。根据文意可知，这里介绍的是flying car飞行车，有了它，我们就可以避免路上交通上容易出现的问题，如交通灯、交通拥挤和超速罚款，因此这里应选C，表示道路拥挤。19.句意：然而一些人指出了飞行车的缺点。Moreover 而且；Instead相反；In fact事实上；However然而。上文 We would fly at 480 kilometres per hour,avoiding traffic lights，_3_ roads and speeding tickets讲述的是飞行车的优点，而这句话中some people point to the disadvantages of flying cars 提到的是它的缺点，因此两句话之间是转折的关系，故选D。20.句意：break down坏掉；write down一个大问题是：如果飞行车坏掉了会发生什么？put down 记下，镇压；写下；calm down平静下来。根据句意可知，这里说的是flying car的缺点，因此应该是如果飞行车坏了该怎么办，故选 B。21.句意：而且如果他们变得受欢迎，那么就一定会有太多的空中交通。They他们；you你，你们；we我们；I我。根据文意可知，这几句话介绍的是都是flying cars，这个空代指的就是flying cars，是复数的，故应选 A。22.句意：因此好像如果飞行车想要离开地面，他们将会面对很多的问题。And 和，而且，表示并列；But但是，表示转折；So因此，表示结果；or或者；否则。根据文意可知，上文提到了飞行车的优点和缺点，这句话是对未来世界可能会出现的飞行车做一个总结，表示的是结果，故应选C。23.句意：想象一下你有你自己的钢铁侠套装。gloves 手套；suit套装；helmet头盔；shoes鞋。根据下文This suit might help people to walk again after_11_ or injury可知，这里说的是钢铁侠套装，故应选B。24.句意：它能允许佩戴者举起重物、走很长的路，甚至穿过墙。ask 问，请求；wish希望；invite邀请；allow允许。根据上句话 This is a suit of robot arms and legs which follows your movement.可知，这种机器人的套装可以跟随你的移动，因此它 可以使你做到空后面列举的这些事情，故应选D。25.句意：它在很多方面都是很有用的，尤其是对于残疾人。beautiful 美丽的；peaceful和平的；平静的；colorful多彩的；useful有用的。根据下句话This suit might help people to walk again after_11_ or injury可知，这种套装能帮助人，所以他们是有用的，故选D。26.句意：这个套装可以帮助人们在疾病或受伤之后重新能走路。disease疾病；holiday假日；work工作；party聚会。根据句意可知，人们不能走路，原因可能是受伤了，或者是疾病导致，因应选A。27.句意：但是目前的缺点就是价格。quality 质量；price价格；need 需要；number数字。根据下句话 Even6a simple suit can cost hundreds of thousands of pounds.可知，一套简单的钢铁侠套装就要花费好几千英镑，所以它的一个缺点就是价格昂贵，故应选B。28.句意：一个像这样的套装需要很多的电量，电池目前只能持续15 分钟。chances机会；power电力，力量；rest休息；experience经历、经验。根据上句话Another problem is battery life可知，这里说的是这种套装的另外一个缺点就是电池的寿命，因此这里应说的是电池的电量，故应选B。29.句意：你不会想让你的机器人的腿或者胳膊弯曲，可能会伤害。hurt 伤害；attract吸引；protect保护；attack攻击。根据上句话 One other problem is that a badly programmed robot wearer.可知，这种套装的另一个问题是编程不良，这可能会导致一些伤害。故应选A。30.句意：因此在未来，虽然我们可能能够飞着去上班，但在此之前还有很多问题要解决。whether是否；unless除非，如果不；although 虽然，尽管；until直到时候。根据这两句话的意思可知，他们之间的转折的关系，故应选 C。点睛：这篇短文给我们想象了未来世界的样子，文章中主要提到了关于未来世界的两个想象：一个是飞行汽车；另一个是钢铁侠套装。这两种发明都有他们的优点，但同时也有很多的问题需要解决。文章是一篇科普说明文，在理解上有一定的难度，做题时，应努力抓住文章中心意思，并联系上下文的语境，捕捉关键词，弄清楚作者的写作意图。题型是完型填空，考查学生们在具体语境中综合运用语言的能力。做题时，应分为三步：首先阅读全文，掌握大意，理解作者的写作意图；然后逐空做题，注意空前后的搭配和上下文的语境；最后要再读一遍短文，检查答案。例如第2小题，短文开头第一句话What will the future world belike?就告诉我们，文章内容是关于未来世界的，因此这里应选tomorrow，不仅是明天的意思，还可以指未来。再如第 12小题，这里介绍的是这种套装的缺点，根据下句话Even a simple suit can cost hundreds ofthousands of pounds.可知，一套简单的钢铁侠套装就要花费好几千英镑，所以它的这个缺点就是价格昂贵，故应选 B。三、阅读理解三、阅读理解阅读下面三篇短文，从各题所给的阅读下面三篇短文，从各题所给的 A A、B B、C C、D D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。四个选项中选出最佳选项。AEvery morning,millions of people in China do Tai-chi.It ispopular with women and men.Tai-chi is a good kind of exercise7for old people.It is good for the body and for the mind.It ishealthy and relaxing.Tai-chi is from China.It is hundreds ofyears old.Tai-chi is a soft martial art（武术）.That means it is slow and calm.There are also hard martial arts.Shaolin Kung-fu,for example,which has a history of over 1,500 years,is ahard martial art.It is fast and dangerous.You have to be very fit and strong to do hard martial arts.In Beijing,Master Li Yu is teaching Shaolin Kung-fu to thirty young students,three of whom come from abroad.Shaolin Kung-fu is difficult,said Li Yu.You must practise every move many times.Sports like football and basketball are also popular in China.But martial arts like Tai-chi and Kung-fu are part ofChinese culture and history.31.How many types of martial arts does this passage tell us?A.Only one.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.32.What is Master Li Yu teaching?A.Tai-chi.B.Shaolin Kung-fu.C.Football.D.Basketball.33.Which sentence is TRUE according to the passage?A.It is easy to learn Shaolin Kung-fu.B.Men like Tai-chi better than women do.C.Tai-chi has a shorter history than Shaolin Kung-fu.D.People must be very healthy and strong to do Tai-chi.【答案】31.B32.B33.C【解析】这篇短文给我们介绍了太极和少林功夫两种武术形式，太极属于“软”武术，而少林功夫属于“硬”功夫，他们都是中国历史和文化的一部分。31.细节理解题。根据短文中Tai-chi is a soft martial art、Shaolin Kung-fu,for example,which has a history ofover 1,500 years,is a hard martial art.可知，这篇短文中提到了太极和少林功夫两种武术形式，故应选B。32.细节理解题。根据短文第三段中 In Beijing,Master Li Yu is teaching Shaolin Kung-fu to thirty young students,three of whom come from abroad.可知，李宇是教少林功夫的，故应选B。33.推理判断题。根据短文中 It is hundreds of years old.以及 Shaolin Kung-fu,for example,which has a history ofover 1,500 years,is a hard martial art.可知，太极有几百年的历史，而少林功夫的历史有1500多年，因此太极的历史比少林功夫短，故C 是正确的。根据Shaolin Kung-fu is difficult,said Li Yu.可知 A 不对；根据 It ispopular with women and men.可知B不对；根据Tai-chi is a soft martial art以及You have to be very fit and strong8to do hard martial arts.可知 D 不对。点睛：这篇短文给我们介绍了太极和少林功夫两种武术形式，太极属于“软”武术，而少林功夫属于“硬”功夫，他们都是中国历史和文化的一部分。短文内容比较容易理解，后面的题目设置以细节理解题为主，考查的是文章细节信息的理解。做题时，应根据题目所问，在短文中搜索有用信息作答。例如第3 小题，这个题目是判断题，但其实我们也是从文章细节信息中寻找线索来判断，因此四个选项我们都要从文章中找到信息来印证他们是对是错。根据短文第一段It is hundreds of years old.以及第三段中Shaolin Kung-fu,for example,which has a history of over 1,500 years,is a hard martial art.可知，太极有几百年的历史，而少林功夫的历史有 1500多年，因此太极的历史比少林功夫短，故C是正确的。其他三个选项也可以在短文中找到依据判断他们是错误的。B BMartina looked out of the window.Arobinrobin was singing a lively song in the tree.At this time,Grandpa,wholived with the family since Grandma had died,came in.He looked at the floor as if looking for something.He said,When the robin sings.he stopped,trying to remember what he had started to say.Spring is here,Mum finished the sentence.And Im thinking of our spring cleaning,Mum suggested.Martina,you can help me,right?Martina agreed unwillingly.They cleaned the house.They cleaned upstairs,downstairs,inside,outside,until everything was clean.ThenMum pointed to Grandpas sofa and shouted.That old sofa has got to go.Well buy Grandpa a new one.It was true and Martina had to agree.The sofa was really old.As they tried to move the sofa,Grandpa stood intheir way.You cant take my sofa,he shouted.Its old,Mum said.Grandpa tried to push his sofa back into place.Well buy you a new one,Mum promised.I dont want a new one,Grandpa insisted.Mum let go of the sofa.Well talk about it tonight when John getshome.John,Martinas dad,was still at work.Why dont you let us take away the sofa?Its too old!Martina asked when the family were having supper.Grandpa shook his head and said,I sat in this sofa,with your grandma right here,when I asked her to marry me.Itwas so long ago,but when I sit in this sofa and close my eyes I feel she is near.Its amazing,Martina thought,how Grandpa can remember things from the past.These days he forgets almosteverything.The old man smiled to Martina and went on.And the night your father was born,I sat in this sofa.I was nervouswhen they placed the little babythe little baby into my arms.9I think Im beginning to understand,Martina said.Many years later,Grandpa continued,I sat in this sofawhen the doctor called and told me that your grandma was ill.I was lost without her,but the sofa gave me thecomfort.I do see now,Martina looked at Grandpa.This is not just an old sofa.This sofa is more like a friend.Yes,Grandpa added.Weve got through a lot together.The whole family agreed that the living room would be boringwithout the old sofa.34.What is a robin?A.A bird.B.A cat.C.A fish.D.A worm.35.What was Grandpa like these days?A.Careless.B.Impatient.C.Organized.D.Forgetful.36.Who was the little baby in Paragraph 9?A.Martina.B.Martinas dad.C.Martinas mum.D.Martinas uncle.37.Whats the best title for this passage?A.Martinas wishB.A spring cleaningC.A happy familyD.The old sofa【答案】34.A35.D36.B37.D【解析】Martina 的家里有爷爷的一个旧的沙发，她和她的妈妈在打扫卫生的时候想把它扔掉，再买个新的。但是 Martina 的爷爷不同意，因为这个旧沙发里有他最美好的回忆。34.词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在的句子Arobinrobin was singing a lively song in the tree.可知，robin是一个名词，它在树上唱歌，因此我们可以猜到robin指的是一种鸟。故选A。cat猫；fish鱼；worm虫子。他们不在树上或者不会唱歌。35.细节理解题。根据短文中Its amazing,Martina thought,how Grandpa can remember things from the past.These days he forgets almost everything.可知，Martina的爷爷最近总是忘事，因此他是forgetful 健忘的。选D。36.细节理解题。根据短文中 The old man smiled to Martina and went on.And the night your father was born,I satin this sofa.I was nervous when they placedthe little babythe little baby into my arms.可知，这里 Martina的爷爷在告诉她，她的爸爸出生时候的事情，因此这个小婴儿指的就是Martina的爸爸。故选 B。37.主旨大意题。这个故事讲述了Martina 爷爷的沙发，虽然它很旧了，但是它却承载着Martina 爷爷的很多回忆。全文都是围绕这个沙发来讲述的，而且沙发对于爷爷有着不寻常的意义，故用The old sofa 作为题目是最好的，选 D。10点睛：这篇短文是一则记叙文，讲述了Martina 爷爷的沙发的故事。文章内容比较容易理解，后面的题目设置有细节理解、词义猜测和主旨大意题。第1 小题是一个猜词题，我们必须要将这个单词置于文章的具体语境中，根据它所在的这句话Arobin was singing a lively song in the tree.可知，robin是一个名词指代一种事物，而且它会在树上唱歌，在选项中只有bird鸟是合适的。再如第 4小题，题目要求选择最恰当的题目，文章的标题应该是能反映文章的中心思想或者概括文章大意，或者是文章的中心词。这篇短文的关键词就是 Martina爷爷的沙发，它虽然很旧，但是它里面有Martina