表语从句.pdf
表语从句都英教育表语从句一、定义：1.表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。Eg:Theproblemis puzzling.这问题令人困惑主语 连系动词形容词作表语The problemis when we can get a pay rise.问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪.主语 连系动词一个句子作表语-表语从句2.连接表语从句的连接词有：that,what,who,when,where,which,why,whether,how.He has becomea teacher.他已经成为一名教师。He has becomewhat he wantedto be ten yearsago.他已经成为了他10 年前想成为的。His suggestionis good.他的建议是好的。His suggestionis that we shouldstay calm.他的建议是，我们应该保持冷静。The questionis when he can arriveat the hotel.问题是，他什么时候可以到达酒店who will travelwith me to Beijingtomorrow.谁与我明天将前往北京。why he criedyesterday.昨天他为什么哭。how I can persuadeher to join us in the party.我怎么能说服她加入我们的派对。whetherthe enemy is marchingtowardsus.是否敌人正向我们行进.二 注意：1.表语从句一定要用陈述语序。False:The questionis when can he arriveat the hotel.Right:The questionis when he can arriveat the hotel.2.不可以用 if，而用 whether连接表语从句(as if 例外）。引导宾语从句时可以互换引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whetherif/whether位于介词后要用位于介词后要用whetherwhether,位于句首时要用位于句首时要用whetherwhether引导表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句时要用引导表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句时要用whetherwhetherFalse:The questionis if the enemy is marchingtowardsus.Right:The questionis whetherthe enemyis marchingtowardsus.Right:It lookedas if he had understoodthis question.3.不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。Right:The questionis who will travelwith me to Beijingtomorrow.Right:The questionis why he criedyesterday.4.that4.that 在表语从句中不可以省掉。在表语从句中不可以省掉。表语从句的基本用法表语从句的基本用法:表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是联系动词。表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是联系动词。名词性从句在 be 等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句.例如：The problemis how we can get the thingswe need.(how在表语从句中充当方式状语)The scissorsare not what I need.(what在表语从句中充当宾语)这把剪刀不是我所需要的。What I told him was that I wouldfind him a good play.我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what 在主语从句中作直接宾语，that 作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，不能省略)That is what I want to tell you.(what 在表语从句中充当直接宾语)1表语从句都英教育That is why she failedto pass the exam.(why在表语从句中充当原因状语)那就是她考试不及格的原因。注意：注意：“That“That is is why.”why.”是常用句型，是常用句型，意为意为“这就是这就是 的原因的原因/因此因此”，其中其中 whywhy 引导的名词性从句在引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，句中作表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结，又如：That is why you see this oldwoman beforeyou know,Jeanne.(前文提到 Jeanne 对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异，说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后，用这一句来进行概括)。That is why I came.这就是我来的原因。下面是两个与“Thatis why.”形式相似的结构，它们与“Thatis why.”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚：(1)“Thatis why.”与“Thatis the reasonwhy.”同义，只不过从语法结构上讲，“Thatis the reasonwhy.”中 why 引导的是 个定语从句，将其中的the reason 去掉则与“Thatis why.”结构一样，例如：That is(the reason)why I cannotagree.这就是我不能同意的理由。(2)“Thatis because.”句型中从属连词because 引导的名词性从句在此作表语，这也是个常用句型，意为“这就是为什么/因为”。“Thatis because.”与“Thatis why.”之间的不同在于“Thatis because.”指原因或理由，“Thatis why.”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果，例如：He did not see the film last night.That is becausehe had to help his littlesisterwith her homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影，那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。(第一句话说明结果，第二句话说明原因)He had seen the film before.That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看过那部电影，因此他昨天晚上没有去看。(第一句话说明原因，第二句话说明结果)The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is“programmed”to make us do so.(2007 上海)A.when B.why C.whether D.thatYou are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is _ I disagree.(2004)A.why B.where C.what D.how I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that _ you had a few days off?(1999)A.why B.when C.what D.where_ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.(2000 上海)A.What;why B.That;what C.What;because D.Why;that_ made the school proud was _ more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities.A.What;because B.What;thatC.That;what D.That;becauseAre you still thinking about yesterdays game?Oh,thats _.(2003 北京春)A.what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about itD.when I feel excited表语从句与宾语从句的关系宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句。其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同。故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句，充当表语的句子叫表语从句。宾语从句(1)对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点语序:从句的语序必须是陈述句语序,即“主语+谓语”这种形式。时态:当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候,从句可以是任何时态,而当主句是一般过去时的时候,从句,从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态,即(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时)。连接词:当从句意思完整,主句意思肯定时,连接词用 that,且可以省去,当从句意思完整,主句意思不确定或含否定含意时,常用 if 或 whether(是否),当从句意思不完整时,连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词。表语从句在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句，位于主句系动词的后面。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。2表语从句都英教育也是名词性从句的一种。如：What the police want to know is when you enred red the room 警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间。The The trouble is that we are short of funds 困难是我们缺乏资金。This This is what we should do 这是我们应当做的。That”s s why I want you to work there 那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。His His first question was whether Mr.Smith had arrived yet 他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有。注意：从句中的疑问句用正常语序，即陈述语序。as as if,as though,because 也可用来引导表语从句。She She seems as if she had done a great thing 她看起来好像做了一件大事。It It is because you eat too much 那是因为你吃得太多了。1.The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whether2The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.because of3.Go and get your coat.It s _you left itA.whereB.thereC.there whereD.where there4The problem is _to take the place of TedA.who can we getB.what we can getC.who we can getD.that we can get5.What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.不填6.The reason is_I missed the bus.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what7.That is_ _ we were late last time.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what8.She looked _ she were ten years younger.A.thatB.likeC.asD.as though9.I fell sick!-I think it is _ you are doing too much.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.because10.The reason why he hasnt come is _.A.because his mother is illB.because of his mothers being illC.that his mother is illD.for his mother is ill11.He was born here.-That is _ he likes the place so much.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how12.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.whythat/what 的区别1_your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies.A.What;how are youB.That；how you areC.How；that you areD.What；how you are2.The trouble is_we are short of tools.A.whatB.thatC.howD.why that3.America was _was first called“India”by Columbus.A.whatB.whereC.the placeD.there where4.China is becoming stronger and stronger.It is no longer_.A.what it used to beB.what it was used to beingC.what it used to beingD.what it was used to be5._he really means is _he disagrees with us.A.What thatB.That whatC.What whatD.That what6.The energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work.A.that B.which C.what D.such3
