2018年6月大学英语六级考试真题(第三套).pdf
20182018年6 6月六级考试真题（第三套）PartPartWritingWriting(30(30minutes)minutes)Directions:Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of buildingthe importance of buildingtrust between businesses and consumerstrust between businesses and consumers.You can cite examples to illustrate your views.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.PartPart Listening ComprehensionListening Comprehension说明：说明：20182018年年6 6月六级真题全国共考了两套听力。本套的听力内容与第二套月六级真题全国共考了两套听力。本套的听力内容与第二套的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样而已，故在本套中不再重复给出。的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样而已，故在本套中不再重复给出。PartPart Section ASection AReading ComprehensionReading Comprehension(40 minutes)(40 minutes)Directions:Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerAnswerSheet 2Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in thebank more than once.When Elon Musk says that his new priority is using artificial intelligence to build domestic robots,we should look forward to the day in admiration.Mr.Musk is a guy who gets things done.The founder of two tech companies,Tesla Motors andSpaceX,is bringing electric vehicles to mass market and26humans to live on other planets.This sounds like so much hot air,but the near$13 billion fortune this entrepreneur has27comes from practical achievements rather than hypothetical ones.A lot of clever people are28about artificial intelligence,fearing that robots will one daybecome so29that theyll murder all of us.These fears are mostly30:as with hysteriaabout genetic modification,we humans are generally wise enough to manage these problems withspeed and care.And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot.It could,31,be likehaving a babysitter and a nurse rolled into oneor,if that required32intelligence beyond thepower of Mr.Musks imagined machine,at least someone to chop the carrots,wash the car and mowthe lawn.Once purchased and trained,this would allow the33user to save money and time,freeing up34space in our busy lives to read a good book.That is why we welcome Mr.Musks latest35,and wish him well.As long as robots add tothe sum of human happiness,reduce suffering,and create time to read world-class journalism,weshould be their fans.Especially since journalism is one job robots will never do.A)amassedB)casualC)emotionalD)enablingE)eventuallyF)exaggeratedG)extravagantH)generouslyI)misleadingJ)preciousK)rewardL)smartM)sphereN)terrifiedO)ventureSection BSection BDirections:Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2Answer Sheet 2.In the real world,nobody cares that you went to an Ivy League schoolIn the real world,nobody cares that you went to an Ivy League schoolA As a high school junior,everything in my life revolved around getting into the right college.Idiligently attended my SAT,ACT,and Advanced Placement test preparation courses.I juggled(尽力应付)cross-country and track schedules,newspaper staff,and my churchs youth group anddrama team.I didnt drink,party,or even do much dating.The right college,I thought,was onewith prestige,one with a name.It didnt have to be the Ivy League,but itneeded to be a“topschool.”B Looking back now,nine years later,I cant remember exactly what it was about these universitiesthat made them seem so much better.Was it a curriculum that appeared more rigorous,perhapsOr an alumni network that I hoped would open doors down the line Maybe.“I do think there areadvantages to schools with more recognition,”notes Marybeth Gasman,a professor of highereducation at the University of Pennsylvania.“I dont necessarily think thats a reason to go toone.”C In reflection,my firm belief in the power of the brand was naive,not to mention a bit snobby.Iquickly passed over state schools and southern schools,believing their curriculums to beautomatically inferior to northeastern or western counterparts.Instead,I dreamed of living inNew York City and my parents obliged me with a visit to New York Universitys(NYU)campus.During the tour,tuition fees were discussed.(NYU is consistently ranked one of the count1ysmost expensive schools,with room and board costs totaling upwards of$64,000 a year.)Up untilthen,I hadnt truly realized just how expensive an education can be.Over the next few months,Irealized not only could I not afford my dream school,I couldnt evenafford the ones where Idbeen accepted.City University of New York(CUNY),Rutgers University,and Indiana Universitywere out of reach as were Mississippi State and the University of Alabama,where I would have topay out-of-state fees.Further complicating my college search was a flourishing track careerIwanted to keep running but my times werent quite fast enough to secure a scholarship.D And so,at 11pm on the night of Georgia State Universitys(GSU)midnight deadline,I appliedonline.Rated No.466 overall on Forbes Lists Top Colleges,No.183 in Research Universities,andNo.108 in the South,I cant say it was my top choice.Still,the track coach had offered me awalk-on spot,and I actually found the urban Atlanta campus a decent consolation prize after NewYork City.E While it may have been practical,it wasnt prestigious.But heres the thing:I loved my“lower-tier”(低层次的)university.(I use the term“low-tier”cautiously,because GSU is awell-regarded research institution that attracts high quality professors and faculty from all overthe country.)We are taught to believe that only by going to the best schools and getting thebest grades can we escape the rat race and build a better future.But what if lower-tier collegesand universities were the ticket to escaping the rat race After all,where else can you leaveschool with a decent degreebut without a lifetime of debtF My school didnt come pre-packaged like the more popular options,so we were left to take careof ourselves,figuring out city life and trying to complete degree programs that no one waschampioning for us to succeed in.What Im saying is,I loved my university because it taught us allto be resourceful and we could make what we wanted out of it.G I was lucky enough to have my tuition covered by a lottery-funded scholarship called HOPE(Helping Outstanding Pupils Educationally).When I started college,the HOPE scholarship wasfunded by the state of Georgia and offered to graduating high school seniors with a GPA oforhigher.Living costs and books I paid for with money earned during high school,supplemented bya small college fund my deceased grandfather left for me and a modest savings account myparents created when I was born.H So what about all that name recognition Sure,many of my colleagues and competitors have moreglamorous alma maters(母校)than I do.As a journalist,I have competed against NYU,Columbia,and Northeastern graduates for jobs.And yet,not a single interviewer has ever asked me aboutmy educational background.In fact,almost every interview Ive ever had was due to aconnectionone that Ive gained through pure determination,not a school brand.I According to The Boston Globe,students who earned their bachelors in 2012 have an averagemonthly loan payment of$312,which is one-third more than those who graduated in 2004.Ultimately,thats the thing universities dont want to admit.Private universities aremoney-making institutions.If you can afford to buy prestige,thats your choice.For the rest of us,however,our hearty lower-tiered universities are just fine,thank you.J Wealthy universities talk up the benefits their name will give graduates:namely,strong alumninetworks,star faculty,and a rsum boost.But you neednt attend an Ivy League school to reapthose rewards.Ludacris and the former CEO of Bank of America Ken Lewis are alumni of mycollege,as well as VICE s first female editor-in-chief,Ellis Jones.Successful people tend to besuccessful no matter where they go to school,and lower-tier schools can have alumni networksjust as strong as their big name counterparts.In fact,lower-tier school alumni networks arearguably stronger,because fellow alumni recognize that you didnt necessarily have an easy pathto follow.They might be more willing to offer career help,because your less famous schooldenotes that,like them,you are also full of energy and perseverance.K The Washington Post reported on a recent study by Princeton economists,in which collegegraduates who applied to the most selective schools in the 12th grade were compared to thosewho applied to slightly less selective schools.They found that students with more potentialearned more as adults,and the reverse held true as well,no matter where they went to school.L Likewise,star faculty are not always found where youd expect.Big name schools are notnecessarily the best places for professors;plus,many professors split teaching time betweenmultiple colleges and/or universities.This means,for instance,a CUNY student could reasonablyexpect to receive the same quality of instruction from a prestigious professor as they would ifthey were enrolled in the same class at NYU.M Its possible that some hiring managers may be drawn to candidates with a particular educationalrsum,but its no guarantee.According to a 2012 survey described in The Atlantic,collegereputation ranked lowest in relative importance of attributes in evaluating graduates for hire,beaten out by top factors like internships,employment during college,college major,volunteerexperience,and extracurriculars.N Maybe students who choose less prestigious universities are bound to succeed because they aredetermined to.I tend to think so.In any case,if I could do it again,Id still make the same choice.Today Im debt-free,resourcefuland I understand that even the shiniest packaging cant predictwhat youll find on the inside.36.Modest institutions can also have successful graduates and strong alumni networks.37.The money the author made in high school helped pay for her living expenses and books atcollege.38.The author came to see how costly college education could be when she was trying to choose auniversity to attend.39.A recent study found that a graduates salary is determined by their potential,not the universitythey attended.40.The author cannot recall for sure what made certain top universities appear a lot better.41.None of the authors job interviewers cared which college she went to.42.The author thinks she did the right thing in choosing a less prestigious university.order to be admitted to a prestigious university,the author took part in various extracurricularactivities and attended test preparation courses.44.The author liked her university which was not prestigious but less expensive.45.Colleges are reluctant to admit that graduates today are in heavier debt.Section CSection CDirections:Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer SheetAnswer Sheet2 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OnePassage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Economically speaking,are we better off than we were ten years ago Twenty years agoIn their thirst for evidence on this issue,commentators seized on the recent report by the CensusBureau,which found that average household income rose by%in 2015.Unfortunately,thatconclusion puts too much weight on a useful,but flawed and incomplete,statistic.Among the moresignificant problems with the Censuss measure are that:l)it excludes taxes,transfers,andcompensation like employer-provided health insurance;and 2)it is based on surveys rather than data.Even if precisely measured,income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being,such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.While thinking about the question,we came across a recently published article by Charles Jonesand Peter Klenow,which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare.While by nomeans perfect,it is considerably more comprehensive than average income;taking into account notonly growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time,life expectancy,andinequality.Moreover,it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and overtime.The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example.Suppose we want tocompare the economic welfare of citizens of the.and France in 2005.In 2005,as the authors observe,real consumption per person in France was only 60%as high asthe.,making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French onaverage.However,that comparison omits other relevant factors:leisure time,life expectancy,andeconomic inequality.The French take longer vacations and retire earlier,so typically work fewerhours;they enjoy a higher life expectancy,presumably reflecting advantages with respect to healthcare,diet,lifestyle,and the like;and income and consumption are somewhat more equallydistributed there than in the.Because of these differences,comparing Frances consumption withthe.s overstates the gap in economic welfare.Similar calculations can be used to compare the.and other countries.For example,thiscalculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97%of.levels,but estimates Mexicanwell-being at 22%.The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economys performance over time.According tothis measure,as of the early-to-mid-2000s,the.had the highest economic welfare of any largecountry.Since 2007,economic welfare in the.has continued to improve.However,the pace ofimprovement has slowed markedly.Methodologically,the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare ismulti-dimensional.Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-lifechanges could be incorporatedfor example,decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declinesin crime rates.46.What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census BureauA)It is based on questionable statistics.C)It evidences the improved welfare.B)It reflects the economic changes.D)It provides much food for thought.47.What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow methodA)It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries.B)It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary peoples livelihood.C)It focuses on peoples consumption rather than their average income.D)It is a more comprehensive measur
