2021年12月四级真题第三套.pdf
20212021 年年 12 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第月大学英语四级考试真题（第 3 3 套）套）Part IPart IWritingWriting(30minutes)(30minutes)Directions:Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay onthe challenges of starting a career afterthe challenges of starting a career aftergraduation.graduation.You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.Part IIPart IIListening ComprehensionListening Comprehension(25 minutes)(25 minutes)说明：由于说明：由于20182018 年年 1212 月四级考试全国共考了月四级考试全国共考了 2 2 套听力，本套真题听力与前套听力，本套真题听力与前2 2 套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。PartPart Reading ComprehensionReading Comprehension(40 minutes)(40 minutes)Section ASection ADirections:Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a listof choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage throughcarefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item onAnswer Sheet 2Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.A few months ago,I was down with a terrible cold which ended in a persistent bad cough.No matter how manydifferent26I tried,I still couldnt get rid of the cough.Not only did it27my teaching but also my life as a whole.Then one day after class,a student came up to me and28traditional Chinese medicine.From her description,Chinesemedicine sounded as if it had magic power that worked wonders.I was 29 because I knew so little about it and havenever it before.Eventually,my cough got so much 30that I couldnt sleep at night,so I decided to give it a try.TheChinese doctor took my pulse and asked to see my tongue,both of which were new 31to me because they are bothnon-existent in Western medicine.Then the doctor gave me a scraping（刮）treatment known as“Gua Sha”.I was a little32at first because he used a smooth edged tool to scrape the skin on my neck and shoulders.A few minutes later,the 33strokes started to produce a relieving effect and my body and mind began to34deeper into relaxation.I didnt feel anyimprovement in my condition in the first couple of days,but after a few more regular visits to the doctor,my cough startedto35.Then,within a matter of weeks,it was completely gone!A)deepenB)experiencesC)hesitantD)inconvenienceE)lessenF)licensesG)pressuredH)recommendedI)remediesJ)scaredK)sensitiveL)sinkM)temporaryN)trembleO)worse1Section BSection BDirections:Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement containsinformation given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose aparagraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the correspondingletter onAnswer Sheet 2Answer Sheet 2.How a Poor,Abandoned Parisian Boy Became a Top ChefHow a Poor,Abandoned Parisian Boy Became a Top ChefA)When you drop a piece of food on the floor,is it really OK to eat if you pick it up within five seconds?An urbanfood myth contends that if food spends just a few seconds on the floor,dirt and germs wont have much of a chance tocontaminate it.Research in my lab has focused on how food becomes contaminated,and weve donesome work on thisparticular piece of wisdom.B)While the“five-second rule”might not seem like the most pressing issue for food scientists to get to the bottom of,its still worth investigating food myths like this one because they shape our beliefs about when food is safe to eat.C)So is five seconds on the floor the critical threshold（门槛）that separates a piece of eatable food from a case of foodpoisoning?Its a bit more complicated than that.It depends on just how many bacteria can make it from floor to food in afew seconds and just how dirty the floor is.D)Wondering if food is still OK to eat after its dropped on the floor is a pretty common experience.And its probablynot a new one either.A well-known,but inaccurate,story about Julia Child may have contributed to this food myth.Someviewers of her cooking show,The French Chef,insist they saw Child drop lamb on the floor and pick it up,with the advicethat if they were alone in the kitchen,their guests would never know.E)In fact it was a potatopancake,and it fell on the stovetop,not on the floor.Child put it back in the pan,saying,“Butyou can always pick it up and if youre alone in the kitchen,whos going to see it?”But the misremembered story persists.Its harder to pin down the origins of the oft-quoted five-second rule,but a 2003 study reported that 70%of women and 56%of men surveyed were familiar with the five-second rule and that women were more likely than men to eat food that haddropped on the floor.F)G)H)I)We also found that the kind of surface made a difference as well.Carpets,for instance,seem to be slightly betterplaces to drop your food than wood or tile.When a carpet was contaminated,less than 1%of the bacteria were transferred.But when the food was in contact with tile or wood,45-70%of bacteria were.2J)Last year,a study from Aston University in the UK used nearly identical parameters（参数）to our study and foundsimilar results.They also reported that 87%of people asked either would eat or had eaten food fallen on the floor.K)Should you eat food fallen on the floor then?From a food safety standpoint,if you have millions or more bacteriaon a surface,0.1%is still enough to make you sick.Also,certain types of bacteria are extremely harmful,and it takes only asmall number to make you sick.For example,10 bacteria or less of an especially deadly strain of bacteria can cause severeillness and death in people with compromised immune systems.But the chance of these bacteria being on most surfaces isvery low.L）And its not just dropping food on the floor that can lead to bacterial contamination.Bacteria are carried by various“media”,which can include raw food,moist surfaces where bacteria have been left,our hands or skin and from coughing orsneezing（打喷嚏）.Hands,foods and utensils（器皿）can carry individual bacteria living in communities contained withina protective film.These microscopic layers of deposits containing bacteria are known as biofilms and they are found onmost surfaces and objects.Biofilm communities can harbor bacteria longer and are very difficult to clean.Becteria in thesecommunities also have an enhanced resistance to sanitizers（清洁剂）and antibiotics compared to bacteria living on theirown.M）N）Research or common sense tells us that the best thing to do is keep your hands,utensils and other surfaces clean.36.A research project found bacteria made their way to the food on the floor in five seconds.37.Whether food is contaminated depends much on the number of bacteria that get onto it.38.Food contamination may result from various factors other than food dropping on the floor.39.Males are less likely than females to eat food that may have been contaminated.40.The authors research centers around how food gets contaminated.41.Keeping everything clean is the best way to stay healthy.42.Chances are you will not fall sick because of eating food picked up from the floor.43.44.Some strains of bacteria are so harmful that a tiny few can have deadly consequences.45.Researchers found how many bacteria got onto the food did not have much to do with how long the food stayed ona contaminated floor.Section CSection CDirections:Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.Foreach of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OnePassage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.3The latest in cat research reveals that the lovely animal seems to have a basic grasp on both the laws of physics and theins and outs of cause and effect.According to a newly published study,cats seem to be able to predict the location of hiding prey（猎物）using boththeir ears and an inborn（天生的）understanding of how the physical world works.“Cats use a causal-logical understanding ofnoise or sounds to predict the appearance of invisible objects,”leadresearcher Saho Takagi says in a press release.The researchers conclude that cats hunting style may have developed basedon their common-sense abilities to infer where prey is,using their hearing.Scientists have explored this idea with other endearing creatures:babies.Like cats,babies appear to engage in whatscalled“preferential looking”looking longer at things that are interesting or unusual than things they perceive as normal.When babies expectations are violated in experiments like the ones performed with the cats,they react much like theiranimal friends.Psychologists have shown that babies apparently expect their world to comply with the laws of physics andcause and effect as early as two months of age.Does the study mean that cats will soon grasp the ins and outs of cause and effect?Maybe.Okay,so cats may not bethe next physics faculty members at Americas most important research universities.But by demonstrating their commonsense,theyve shown that the divide between cats and humans may not be that great after all.46.What do we learn from a newly published study about cats?A)They can be trained to understand the physical world.B)They know what kind of prey might be easier to hunt.C)They have a natural ability to locate animals they hunt.D)They are capable of telling which way their prey flees.47.What may account for the cats response to the noise from the containers?A)Their inborn sensitivity to noise.B)Their unusual sense of direction.C)Their special ability to perceive.D)Their mastery of cause and effect.48.What is characteristic of the way cats hunt,according to the Japanese researchers?A)B)They rely mainly on their hearing.D)They use both their ears and eyes.49.In what way do babies behave like cats?A)They focus on what appears odd.B)They view the world as normal.4C)They do what they prefer to do.D)They are curious about everything.50.What can we conclude about cats from the passage?A)They have higher intelligence than many other animals.B)They interact withe the physical world much like humans.C)They display extraordinarily high intelligence in hunting.D)They can aid physics professors in their research work.Passage TwoPassage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Imagine you enter a car with no steering wheel,no brake or accelerator padals（踏 板）.Under a voice-activatedcommand,you say an address.“The fastest route will take us 15.3 minutes.Should I take it?”You say“yes”and you are onyour way.The car responds and starts moving all by itself.All you have to do is sit back and relax.How weird would it be if,one day in the future,everyone had such a car?No crazy driving,no insults,no cutting in;traffic laws would be respected and driving much safer.On the other hand,imagine the cost savings for local policeenforcement and town budgets without all those speeding and parking tickets.A new technology has the potential to change modern society in radical ways.Theres no question that self-drivingvehicles could be an enormous benefit.The potential for safer cars means accident statistics would drop:some 94%of roadaccidents in the U.S.involve human error.Older drivers and visually-or physically-impaired people would gain a new levelof freedom.Maintaining safe speeds and being electric,self-driving cars would drastically reduce pollution levels anddependency on non-renewable fuels.Roads would be quieter,people safer.But we must also consider the impact of the new technology on those who now depend on driving for their livelihoods.According to the U.S.Department of Labor,in May 2015 there were 505,560 registered school bus drivers.The AmericanTrucking Association lists approximately 3.5 million professional truck drivers in the U.S.The companies developing self-driving vehicles should be partnering with state and federal authorities to offerretraining for this massive workforce,many of whom will be displaced by the new technology.This is simil ar to whatshappening in the coal and oil industries,a situation that fuels much of the current political discontent in this country.New technologies will,and should,be developed.This is how society moves forward.However,progress cant beone-sided.It is necessary for the companies and state agencies involved to consider the ethical consequences of thesepotential changes to build a better future for all.51.What would be the impact of the extensive use of driverless cars?A)People would be driving in a more civilized way.B)It would save local governments a lot of money.C)More policemen would be patrolling the streets.D)Traffic regulations would be a thing of the past.52.How would the elderly and the disabled benefit from driverless cars?A)They could enjoy greater mobility.B)They would suffer no road accidents.5C)They would have no trouble driving.D)They could go anywhere they want.53.What would be the negative impact of driverless cars?A)The conflict between labor and management would intensify.B)The gap between various sectors of society would be widened.C)D)Numerous professional drivers would have to find new ways of earning a living.54.What is the result of the introduction of new technologies in energy industries?A)Political dissatisfaction.B)Retraining of employees.C)Fossil fuel conservation.D)Business restructuring.55.What does the author suggest businesses and the government do?A)Keep pace with technological developments.B)Make new technologies affordable to everyone.C)Enable everyone to benefit from new technologies.D)Popularize the use of new technologies and devices.PartPart TranslationTranslation(30 minutes)(30 minutes)Directions:Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should writeyour answer onAnswer Sheet 2Answer Sheet 2.过去几年里，移动支付市场在中国蓬勃发展。随着移动互联网的出现，手机购物逐渐成为一种趋势。18 到 30岁的年轻人构成了移动支付市场的最大群体。由于现在用手机付款很容易，许多消费者在购物时宁愿用手机付款，而不愿用现金或信用卡。为了鼓励人们多消费，许多商店给使用移动支付的顾客打折。专家预测，中国移动支付市场未来仍有很大发展潜力。6
