2021年6月英语四级真题及答案汇总.pdf
20212021 年年 6 6 月英语四级真题及答案汇总月英语四级真题及答案汇总Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture should start your essay with a brief description of the pictureand then comment on the kids understanding of going to should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.“Why am I going to school if my phone already knows everything?”Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are requiredto select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank followingthe passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Eachchoice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letterfor each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.You may notuse any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.The U.S.Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all studentshave equal access to a quality education.Today it is（36）the launch of the ExcellentEducators for All Initiative.The initiative will help states and school districtssupport great educators for the students who need them most.All children are（37）to a high-quality education regardless of their race,zip code or familyincome.It is（38）important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need tohelp students reach their full（39）,U.S.Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said.Despite theexcellent work and deep（40）of our nations teachers and principals,students in high-poverty,high-minority schools are unfairly treated across our country.We have to do better.Local leadersand educators will（41）their own creative solutions,but we must work together to（42）ourfocus on how to better recruit,support and（43）effective teachers and principals for all students,especially the kids who need them most.Todays announcement is another important step forward in improving access to a qualityeducation,a（44）of President Obamas year of action.Later today,Secretary Duncan will leada roundtable discussion with principals and school teachers from across the country about the（45）of working in high-need schools and how to adopt promising practices for supportinggreat educators in these schools.A.AnnouncingB.beneficialC.challengesD.commitmentE.componentF.contestsG.criticallyH.developI.distributingJ.enhanceK.entitledL.potentialM.properlyN.qualifiedO.retainSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph fromwhich the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph ismarked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.The Changes Facing Fast FoodThe Changes Facing Fast FoodA)Fast-food firms have to be a thick-skinned bunch.Health experts regularly criticize themseverely for selling food that makes people fat.Critics even complain that McDonalds,whoselogo symbolizes calorie excess,should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup.Theseare things fast-food firms have learnt to cope with.But not perhaps for much longer.The burgerbusiness faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already adapting strategies inresponse to shifts in the global economy.B)Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof.When consumers need to cut spending,the logic goes,cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive.Suchtrading down proved true for much of the latest recession,when fast-food companies pickedup customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual restaurants.Traffic was boosted inAmerica,the home of fast food,with discounts and promotions,such as$1 menus and cheapcombination meals.C)As a result,fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their moreexpensive competitors.In 2020 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6%,but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains.In some markets,such as Japan,France and Britain,total spending on fast food increased.Same-store sales in America atMcDonalds,the worlds largest fast-food company,did not decline throughout the downturn.Panera Bread,an American fast-food chain known for its fresh ingredients,performed well,too,because it offers higher-quality food at lower prices than restaurants.D)But not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate.Many,such as Burger King,haveseen sales fall.In a severe recession,while some people trade down to fast food,many others eatat home more frequently to save money.David Palmer,an analyst at UBS,a bank,says smallerfast-food chains in America,such as Jack in the Box and Carls Jr.,have been hit particularly hardin this downturn because they are competing with the global giant McDonalds,which increasedspending on advertising by more than 7%last year as others cut back.E)Some fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customersbetter value.During the recession companies set prices low,hoping that once they had temptedcustomers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive items.But inmany cases that strategy did not work.Last year Burger King franchisees(特许经营人)sued(起诉)the company over its double-cheeseburger promotion,claiming it was unfair for them to berepuired to sell these for$1 when they cost$1.10 to make.In May a judge ruled in favour ofBurger King.Nevertheless,the company may still be cursing its decision to promote cheapchoices over more expensive ones because items on its value menu now account for around 20%of all sales,up from 12%last October.F)Analysts expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this year.But the downturn ismaking companies rethink their strategies.Many are now introducing higher-priced items toentice(引诱)consumers away from$1 specials.KFC,a division of Yum!Brands,which also ownsTaco Belland Pizza Hut,has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around$5.And in May BurgerKing introduced barbecue(烧烤)pork ribs at$7 for eight.G)Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items,including drinks.McDonalds started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks.Its McCafe line nowaccounts for an estimated 6%of sales in America.Starbucks has sold rights to its Seattles Bestcoffee brand to Burger King,which will start selling it later this year.H)As fast-food companies shift from super size to more buys,they need to keepcustomer traffic high throughout the day.Many see breakfast as a big opportunity,and not justfor fatty food.McDonalds will start selling porridge(粥)in America next year.Breakfast has thepotential to be very profitable,says Sara Senatore of Bernstein,a research firm,because themargins can be high.Fast-food companies are also adding midday and late-night snacks,such asblended drinks and wraps.The idea is that by having a greater range of things on the menu,wecan sell to consumers products they want all day,says Rick Carucci.,the.chief financial officer ofYum!Brands.I)But what about those growing waistlines?So far,fast-food firms have cleverly avoidedgovernment regulation.By providing healthy options,like salads and low-calorie sandwiches,they have at least given the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity(肥胖症).These offerings are not necessarily loss-leaders,as they broaden the appeal of outlets togroups of diners that include some people who dont want to eat a burger.But customers cannotbe forced to order salads instead of fries.J)In the future,simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough.Everypackaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now,saysof UBS.Americas health-reform bill,which Congress passed this year,requires restaurant chainswith 20 or more outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve on the menu.A study bythe National Bureau of Economic Research,which tracked the effects on Starbucks of a similarcalorie-posting law in New York City in 2007,found that the average calorie-count per transactionfell 6%and revenue increased 3%at Starbucks stores where a Dunldn Donuts outlet wasnearby-a sign,it is said,that menu-labelling could favour chains that have more healthyofferings.K)In order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere,fast-food companies willhave to continue innovating(创新).Walt Riker of McDonalds claims the change it has made in itsmenu means it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago.We probably sell morevegetables,more milk,more salads,more apples than any restaurant business in the world,hesays.But the recent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonalds from including toys inits high-calorie Happy Meals,because legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthy food,suggests there is a lot more left to do.46.Some people propose laws be made to stop McDonalds from attaching toys to its foodspecials for children.47.Fast-food finns may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation in the nearfuture.48.Burger King will start to sell Seattles Best coffee to increase sales.49.Some fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they are helping to tacklethe obesity problem.50.During the recession,many customers turned to fast food to save money.51.Many people eat out less often to save money in times of recession.52.During the recession,Burger Kings promotional strategy of offering low-priced items oftenproved ineffective.53.Fast-food restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.54.Many fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by introducing higher-priceditems.55.A newly-passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of what they serveon the menu.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questionsor unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A.,B),C)and D).Youshould decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.If you think a high-factor sunscreen(防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays,you may bewrong.Research in this weeks Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number ofmelanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence,it cant prevent them.Melanomas are the mostaggressive skin cancers.You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair,fair skin,blue orgreen eyes,or sunburn easily,or if a close relative has had one.Melanomas are more common ifyou have periodic intense exposure to the sun.Other skin cancers are increasingly likely withlong-term exposure.There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas theevidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer.A 2020 Australian study of1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate ofmelanomas of people who used cream as needed.A second study,comparing 1,167 people withmelanomas to 1,101 who didnt have the cancer,found that using sunscreen routinely,alongsideother protection such as hats,long sleeves or staying in the shade,did give some protection.Thisstudy said other forms of sun protection not sunscreen seemed most beneficial.The studyrelied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives,so its notentirely reliable.But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of securityin the sun.Many people also dont use sunscreen properlyapplying insufficient amounts,failing toreapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long.It is sunburn that is mostworrying recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the riskof all skin cancers.The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates,as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign.So if there is a heat wave thissummer,it would be best for us,too,to slip on a shirt,slop on(抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.56.What is peoples common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?A.It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.B.It will protect them from sunburn.C.It will keep their skin smooth and fair.D.It will work for people of any skin color.57.What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?A.It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.B.It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.C.It is ineffective with long-term exposure.D.It is ineffective for people with fair skin.58.What do we learn from the 2020 Australian study of 1,621 people?A.Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.B.High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.C.Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.D.Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.59.What does the author say about the second Australian study?A.It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.B.It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.C.It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.D.It confirms the results of the first Australian study.60.What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?A.Using both covering up and sunscreen.B.Staying in the shade whenever possible.C.Using covering up instead of sunscreen.D.Applying the right amount of sunscreen.Passage TwoPassage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Across the rich world,well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled.Some 65%of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce,compared with 32%of men with only a high-school certificate.This gap is part of a deepeningdivide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor.Rapid technological advancehas raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled.Theconsequences,for individuals and society,are profound.The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people,and they will live longerthan ever before.Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more willalmost double,from 600 million to 1.1 billion.The experience of the 20th century,when greaterlongevity(长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work,haspersuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth,while the swellingranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a newtrend,the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled.Employment rates are fallingamong younger unskilled people,whereas older skilled folk are working longer.The divide is mostextreme in America,where well-educated baby-boomers(二战后生育顶峰期诞生的美国人)areputting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of thewor
