2021年英语四级阅读真题练习.pdf

精选 word文档 下载可编辑生活的不公正A friend of mine,in response to a conversation we were having about theinjustices of life,asked me the question,Who said life was going to be fair,or that itwas even meant to be fair Her question was agood one.It reminded me of something Iwas taught as a youngster:life isnt fair.Its a disappointment,but its absolutely true.One of the mistakes many of us make is that we feel sorry for ourselves,or for others,thinking that life should be fair,or that someday it will be.Its not and it wont be.One of the nice things about surrendering to the fact that life isnt fair is that itkeeps us from feeling sorry for ourselves by encouraging us to do the very best wecan with what we have.We know its not lifes jobto make everything perfect:its ourown challenge.Surrendering to this fact also keeps us from feeling sorry for othersbecause we are reminded that everyone is dealt a different hand;everyone has uniquestrengths and problems in the process of growing up,facing the reality and makingdecisions;and everyone has those times that they feel unfairly treated.The fact that life isnt fair doesnt mean we shouldnt do everything in our power toimprove our own lives or the world as a whole.To the contrary,it suggests that weshould.When we dont recognize or admit that life isnt fair,we tend to feel pity forothers and for ourselves.Pity,of course,is a self-defeating emotion that does nothingfor anyone,except to make everyone feel worse than they already do.When we dorecognize that life isnt fair,however,we feel compassion for others and for ourselves.And compassion is a heartfelt emotion that delivers loving-kindness to everyone ittouches.The next time you find yourself thinking about the injustices of the world,tryreminding yourself of this very basic fact.Youmay be surprised that it can make youout of self-pity and into helpful action.练习题Choose correct answers to the question:The author thought of his friends question as a good one,because _.A.he also wanted to know who held such an opinionB.it made him recall something during his childhoodC.like his friend,he also thought life was unfairD.he learned something from the question as a youngsterSurrendering to the fact that life isnt fair will _.A.keep us from making everything perfectB.keep us from doing everything in our powerC.make us face challenges in the life bravelyD.make us know its our duty to perfect thingsThe second paragraph of the passage mainly discusses _.A.its nice to accept the injustice of lifeB.its nice to surrender to the lifeC.we should not surrender to the lifeD.we should not feel sorry for ourselvesIn the last paragraph,this very basic fact refers to the fact that _.A.you should not pity for othersB.life isnt and wont be fairC.sympathy is a heartfelt emotionD.pity is a self-defeating emotionFrom the passage,we can learn that the authors attitude to life is _.A.positive B.negative C.Self-pity D.indifferent精选 word文档 下载可编辑C 推理判断题。本题考查隐含的因果关系。第 1 段破折号后面的内容为隐含的原因，由此可见 C 为本题正确选项 A没有原文依据，选项 B与结论并无合理的因果关系，选项 D对原文有曲解，原文是说这个问题使作者想起了年轻时候的往事，而并不是选项 D中说的 leam from the question。D 事实细节题。本题考查复合句的理解。第 2段首句中 do the very bestwe can 与第 2 句 We knowits our challenge 表明选项 D为本题正确答案。本题最具干扰性的是选项 C，其中的 challenge在第 2 句明确提到，但是此处的challenge不是指挑战生活，而是指本句第一个分句中提到的让所有事情完美。A 主旨大意题。本段第 1 句是主题句,理解这个同位语从句是关键,只有选项 A表达了这一句的意思。要注意其中 surrender的宾语是 the fact that life isntfair,而不是 life,这样就可以否定最具干扰性的 B选项了。B 词义推断题。本题考查 this 所指的理解。最后一段倒数第 2 句中,thisvery basic fact指的是本句的从句中的 the injustices of the world,另外，短语 thefact that life isnt fair在文中反复出现，是本文的主题，因此结合上下文可以推出答案。其余三项虽然在文中均有提及,但只是个别细节,并非作者反复强调的中心话题。A 观点态度题。作者批评了自怜的情绪,提出对他人要有同情心,强调承认生活不公平并不是向生活妥协,而是将我们从自我怜悯中摆脱出来，采取一些有积极意义的行动，由此可见，作者对生活的态度是积极的，即选项 A。美国制服风Americans are pound of their variety and individuality,yet they love and respectfew things more than a uniform,whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator orthe uniform of a five-star general.Why are uniforms so popular in the United StatesAmong the arguments for uniforms,one of the first is that in the eyes of mostpeople they look more professional than civilian(百姓的)clothes.People havebecome conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform.Thetelevision repairman who wears uniform tends to inspire more trust than one whoappears in civilian clothes.Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by auniform.What easier way is there for a nurse,a policeman,a barber,or a waiter tolose professional identity(身份)thanto step out of uniformUniforms also have many practical benefits.They save on other clothes.Theysave on laundry bills.They are tax-deductible(可减税的).They are often morecomfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and theconsequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them.Thoughthere are many types of uniforms,the wearer of any particular type is generally stuckwith it,without change,until retirement.When people look alike,theytend to think,speak,and act similarly,on the job at least.Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems.Though they are long-lasting,often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes.Some uniformsare also expensive to maintain,requiring professional dry cleaning rather than thehome laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.练习题Choose correct answers to the question:It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality _.A.still judge a man by his clothes精选 word文档 下载可编辑B.hold the uniform in such high regardC.enjoy having a professional identityD.will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform People are accustomed to think that a man in uniform _.A.suggests quality workB.discards his social identityC.appears to be more practicalD.looks superior to a person in civilian clothes The chief function of a uniform is to _.A.provide practical benefits to the wearerB.make the wearer catch the pubic eyeC.inspire the wearers confidence in himselfD.provide the wearer with a professional identity According to the passage,people wearing uniforms _.A.are usually helpfulB.have little or no individual freedomC.tend to lose their individualityD.enjoy greater popularity The best title for this passage would be _.A.Uniforms and SocietyB.The Importance of Wearing a UniformC.Practical Benefits of Wearing a UniformD.Advantages and Disadvantages of UniformsB 事实细节题。根据文章首句转折词 yet后面的信息尽管美国人很为他们的多样性和个性自豪，但是没有什么比制服更让他们喜爱与尊敬的了结合核心词 uniform及同义表达(holdin high regard即 respect),故选 B。A 推理判断题。根据第 2 段第 2句人们习惯性地期望穿制服的人有较高的专业素质，故选 A。选项 D错在用 superior来比较人了，文中用的是 superiorquality。D 主旨大意题。根据第 2 段首句 they look more professional than civilianclothes及尾句的反问 What easier way is thereto lose professional identity than tostep out of uniform 选含有高频词汇 professional 的 D。C 推理判断题。根据第 4段首句中的 loss of individuality进行同义替换,选C。D 主旨大意题。根据第 2 至 4段首句的对比,对于文章最好的概括为选项D制服的优缺点。父亲形象Congratulations,Mr.Jones,its a girl.Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and bring forth a differentresponse from every man who hears these words.Some feel pride when they receivethe news,while others worry,wondering whether they will be good fathers.Althoughthere are some men who like children and may have had considerable experiencewiththem,others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them.Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children forsome time.For other couples,pregnancy wasan accident that both husband and wifehave accepted willingly or unwillingly.Whatever the reaction to the birth of a child,it is obvious that the shift from therole of husband to that of father is a difficult task.Yet,unfortunately,few attempts精选 word文档 下载可编辑have been made to educate fathers in this reconciliation(协调)process.Althoughnumerous books have been written about American mothers,only recently hasliterature focused on the role of fathers.It is argued by some writers that the change to the fathers role,although difficult,is not nearly as great as the change the wife must take to the mothers role.Themothers role seems to require a complete transformation in daily routine and highlyinnovative(创新的)adaptation.On the other hand,the fathers role is less demandingand immediate.However,even though we mentioned the fact that growing numbersof women are working outside the home,the father is still thought by many as thebreadwinner in the household.练习题Choose correct answers to the question:What can we know about fatherhood from the passageA.It brings a feeling of excitement to most manB.It make some man feel proud and others uneasyC.It has a different meaning for men who have daughtersD.It means a responsibility that men accept unwillinglyWhat does the passage say about the shift from the role of husband to that offatherA.Numerous books have been written about it.B.Not enough attention has been paid to it.C.The shift is harder for men than for women.D.The shift is a difficult but incomplete one.What can we know about mothers from the passageA.Mothers get more attention and recognition from societyB.Mothers are innovative and demanding according to some writersC.Mothers generally stay at home to take care of the childrenD.Mothers should help fathers in their reconciliation processWhich of the following will the author most probably disagree withA.Its as difficult to be a father as it is to be a mother.B.More books should focus on the role of fathers.C.The father is still the breadwinner in the household.D.Fathers are as important to children as mothers.The authors purpose in writing this passage is toA.explain why there are few books on the role of fathers.B.praise mothers for their great contributions to the home.C.criticize fathers for not taking enough responsibility in bringing up thechildren.D.complain about the lack of social programs to help fathers in their role shift.B 事实细节题。由第 2段第 2 句中的 pride和 worry可以判断选项 B是对该句的近义替换。选项 A原文未提到。选项 C 曲解了原文第 2段第 1 句的意思，该句中的 Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning表示对于每个男人来说当上父亲具有不同的意义，而不是就琼斯先生而言。第 2 段最后一句表明只有部分人不情愿接受责任，因此在 D选项 men前面加上 some才正确。B 推理判断题。根据第 3段最后两句可以推断选项 B正确。选项 A与第 3段最后一句陈述的相反。最后一段第 1句虽有提及向父亲角色的转变很困难,但并未像选项 C 那样对比。选项 D错在 incomplete一词,文中并未提及与该词相关的内容。精选 word文档 下载可编辑A 推理判断题。本题可用排除法。选项 B曲解了最后一段第 2、3句对母亲角色的描述。选项 C 与原文最后一句不符。选项 D原文未提及。只有选项 A概括了全文关于母亲的论述，而且第 2段最后一句也暗示母亲受到的关注更多。C 推理判断题。最后一句提到很多人仍然认为父亲应该负担家计,但从本句的用词如 even though 和 still 可以看出作者对这种看法并不认同，由此可以判断只有选项 C 作者可能不赞成。D 主旨大意题。原文第 1、2 段讲到父亲们对将为人父的不同反应;第 3段指出很少有人尝试帮助父亲完成角色的转换;最后一段是一些作家对此做出的不太符合事实的解释，因此，只有选项 D能概括文章的写作目的。选项 A只是文中第 2 段中的某个细节;选项 B的重点是 mother,与本文的论题不符;作者并无批评父亲之意，因此选项 C 不正确。