初中完形填空解题技巧(公开课)教学教材.ppt

ClozeCloze第一页，共29页。ClozeCloze一、中考一、中考(zhn ko)英语完形填空英语完形填空的命题特点的命题特点中考英语完形填空旨在全面考查考生英语基础知识和综中考英语完形填空旨在全面考查考生英语基础知识和综合运用语言的能力，其中包括词汇辨析能力、阅读理解合运用语言的能力，其中包括词汇辨析能力、阅读理解能力、逻辑推理和判断能力等。它不仅要求考生具有扎能力、逻辑推理和判断能力等。它不仅要求考生具有扎实的基础知识，而且还要求考生具有独立分析、对比取实的基础知识，而且还要求考生具有独立分析、对比取舍及灵活处理问题的能力。舍及灵活处理问题的能力。完形填空的命题原则是完形填空的命题原则是“以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化词汇语境化”。实词中偏重于对动词和名词的考查，同。实词中偏重于对动词和名词的考查，同时也兼顾对形容词、副词以及时也兼顾对形容词、副词以及(yj)其它词类的考查。其它词类的考查。试题以情境意义选择为主，纯语法性选择近年已趋近于试题以情境意义选择为主，纯语法性选择近年已趋近于零。零。第二页，共29页。Guessing the words 广东高考完形填空题究竟考什广东高考完形填空题究竟考什么？怎么考？请看以下研究么？怎么考？请看以下研究(ynji)结果。结果。命题命题(mng t)揭密揭密完型填空的特点：完型填空的特点：(1)(1)首句不设空：因为首句不设空：因为(yn wi)(yn wi)首句是文首句是文章的窗口，不设空有助于考生了解或推测章的窗口，不设空有助于考生了解或推测全文的大意，全文的大意，(2)(2)选项特点：同一小题的四个选项必须选项特点：同一小题的四个选项必须是同一词类，且为同一语法形式。是同一词类，且为同一语法形式。(3)(3)设空方式：命题者主要从以下三种层设空方式：命题者主要从以下三种层面上设题。面上设题。句子层面：在理解本句的基础上重要信句子层面：在理解本句的基础上重要信息点可能在空格前，也可能在空格后。息点可能在空格前，也可能在空格后。句组层面：考生需在理解空格所在句及句组层面：考生需在理解空格所在句及其前一句或后一句之后才可选出正确答案。其前一句或后一句之后才可选出正确答案。语篇层面：必须理解前后几句或上下段语篇层面：必须理解前后几句或上下段落，甚至整个篇章，才可选出正确答案。落，甚至整个篇章，才可选出正确答案。轻语法，重逻辑轻语法，重逻辑第三页，共29页。ClozeClozeHow to get high scores？1.正确的答题步骤正确的答题步骤 2.必要必要(byo)的答题技巧的答题技巧 3.适量的实践训练适量的实践训练第四页，共29页。ClozeCloze1.1.注重首句，浏览全文注重首句，浏览全文,掌握大意。掌握大意。a.a.应用阅读技能应用阅读技能,进行缺词阅读进行缺词阅读.b.b.注意首段和末端以及每个段落的首句注意首段和末端以及每个段落的首句.2.2.注重语境，瞻前顾后注重语境，瞻前顾后,试填答案。试填答案。a.a.先填上固定搭配与习惯先填上固定搭配与习惯(xgun)(xgun)表达表达,基本句型等基本句型等较容易的空格较容易的空格.b.b.对语境和语义还不太明朗的空格要反复推敲对语境和语义还不太明朗的空格要反复推敲,力力争突破难点争突破难点.3.3.通读全文通读全文,检查核对检查核对.确保最佳。确保最佳。解题步骤解题步骤(bzhu)与策略与策略第五页，共29页。ClozeClozehospital nightno/littleWarming-up:请根据前后文填词请根据前后文填词(tin c)，使句子逻辑一，使句子逻辑一致致1.Mr Black is a doctor,he works in the _.2.A nurse not only works in the day,but also works during the_.3.He is rather busy,so he has _ time to have lunch at home.第六页，共29页。ClozeCloze4.We have an English test this term,its very easy,most students can _this test.5.The whole class went to the zoo yesterday,they were very tired _happy.pass butWarming-up:请根据前后文填词，使句子逻辑请根据前后文填词，使句子逻辑(lu j)一一致致第七页，共29页。ClozeCloze第八页，共29页。ClozeClozeSkill 1：context（上下文、语境（上下文、语境(y jn)）In New York,on a Friday night,a young artist stood at the gate of a train station.He was playing his _1_.His music was so great that many people put money into his hat.The next day,the young artist came to the same place,and played the violin as usual.1.A.piano B.guitar C.violin D.saxviolinviolin第九页，共29页。ClozeClozeSkill 1：context（上下文、语境（上下文、语境(y jn)）Once a king was walking around a pool with his ministers（大臣（大臣(dchn)）.Suddenly,he came up with an idea.He asked,“How many baskets of 2 are there in the pool?”.as big as the pool,there is one basket of water2.A.fish B.flowers C.water D.applesbasket of waterwaterbaskets of第十页，共29页。ClozeCloze When we talked,I discovered（发现（发现(fxin)）some differences in school life between the US and China.For example,each class lasts fifty minutes in the US.It is a little _3_ than that in China.We usually have forty-five minutes in each class.3.A.shorter B.longer C.earlier D.laterfiftySkill 2：logic（逻辑推理）（逻辑推理）forty-five第十一页，共29页。ClozeClozeSkill 2：logic（逻辑推理）（逻辑推理）My mother often asked me，“What is the most important part of the body?”I thought sound was very important to us as humans，so I said“My 4 ，Mommy”She said，“NoMany people are deaf（聋（聋的）的）4.A.ears B.eyes C.body D.headsounddeaf第十二页，共29页。ClozeCloze When two people are in a conversation,the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time,in order to make sure that the listener pays attention 5 what he or she is speaking5.A.for B.of C.with D.topays attentiontoSkill 3：regular collocation（固定（固定(gdng)搭配）搭配）pay attention to 注意注意(zh y)第十三页，共29页。ClozeClozeSkill 3：regular collocation（固定（固定(gdng)搭搭配）配）Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes,which would be awarded to people who made great 6 to the causes of peace,literature,and the sciences.6.A.additions B.sacrifices C.changes D.contributionsmade great tomake contributions to对对做出贡献做出贡献(gngxin)第十四页，共29页。ClozeClozeSkill 4：words analysis（词义（词义(c y)辨析）辨析）7.But by using literary texts(文学文学(wnxu)文文本本)alongside other texts,teachers can 7 students improve their reading skills.7.A.want B.help C.get D.ask第十五页，共29页。ClozeClozeSkill 5：background knowledge（背景（背景(bijng)知识知识:包括生活及文化方面的）包括生活及文化方面的）But we run so fast that,afterwards,we had trouble 8 .8.A.speaking B.moving C.sleeping D.breathingrun so fast第十六页，共29页。ClozeClozeLiumei is among the _9_ ones.The Chinese University of Hong Kong granted(答应答应(d yng)给）给）Liu a full scholarship-HK$500,000.Not all students are so fortunate.9.A.poor B.smart C.lucky D.silent 同义同义(tn(tn y)y)重现重现第十七页，共29页。ClozeClozeFriendship is one of the permanent themes in the literature of all language.Some of us like _10_ friends while others like different friends.Personally I prefer both.Having similar friends has many advantages.10.A.true B.right C.same D.similar原词原词(yun(yun c)c)重现重现反义同现反义同现逻辑关系：转折逻辑关系：转折(zhunzh)(zhunzh)第十八页，共29页。ClozeCloze1 1、contextcontext（上下文、语境（上下文、语境(y jn)(y jn)）3、regular collocation（固定（固定(gdng)搭配）搭配）2、logic（逻辑（逻辑(lu j)）Skills of Cloze Tests(完形填空的解题技巧完形填空的解题技巧)4、words analysis（词义辨析）（词义辨析）5、background knowledge（背景知识）（背景知识）第十九页，共29页。ClozeCloze1.1.Martin Luther King was an important Martin Luther King was an important 1 1 of black of black people in American.He believed that black people and white people in American.He believed that black people and white people should have equal rights.In 1963,Dr Kingpeople should have equal rights.In 1963,Dr King led a march in Washington D.C.A lot of Americans went led a march in Washington D.C.A lot of Americans went there to take part in the there to take part in the 2 2 .They wanted the .They wanted the government to government to 3 3 the laws that were unfair to black the laws that were unfair to black people.Dr King believed in gaining equal rights for all people.Dr King believed in gaining equal rights for all people through peace and not force.When he was killed people through peace and not force.When he was killed in 1968,the United States in 1968,the United States 4 4 a great leader.a great leader.1)A.runner B.singer C.leader D.teacher1)A.runner B.singer C.leader D.teacher 2)A.crowd B.war C.group D.march 2)A.crowd B.war C.group D.march 3)A.sign B sell C.pass D.change 3)A.sign B sell C.pass D.change 4)A.lost B.found C.bought D.died 4)A.lost B.found C.bought D.died leaderleadermarchmarchthat were unfair tothat were unfair towas killedwas killed第二十页，共29页。ClozeCloze2.Every American knows the Mayflower.The Mayflower 2.Every American knows the Mayflower.The Mayflower was the name of the famous _1_ that_2_ from Englandwas the name of the famous _1_ that_2_ from Englandtoto the new world in 1620.There were 102 pilgrims the new world in 1620.There were 102 pilgrims（十六（十六世纪英国世纪英国(yn(yn u)u)移民）移民）on board.It was a dangerous trip for one on board.It was a dangerous trip for one small ship small ship toto make,and it _3_ more than 66 days .make,and it _3_ more than 66 days .The pilgrims were very _4_ when they finally saw land.The pilgrims were very _4_ when they finally saw land.In this New World,there were no homes or towns.They In this New World,there were no homes or towns.Theyhad had toto build their own _5_.This became Known as build their own _5_.This became Known as Plymouth,Massachusetts.Plymouth,Massachusetts.1)A.flower B.ship C.film D.place 1)A.flower B.ship C.film D.place 2)A.flew B.sailed C.planted D.grew2)A.flew B.sailed C.planted D.grew3)A.made B.took C.spent D.cost3)A.made B.took C.spent D.cost4)A.painful B.fearful C.powerful D.thankful 4)A.painful B.fearful C.powerful D.thankful 5)A.ship B.house C.fields D.city5)A.ship B.house C.fields D.cityPlymouth,MassachusettsPlymouth,Massachusettsshipshipwhen they finally saw landwhen they finally saw land第二十一页，共29页。ClozeClozeHave a try!第二十二页，共29页。ClozeCloze Tess was eight years old when her parents talking about her little brother,Andrew.All she knew was that he was very sick and they had no money.Only a very costly 1 could save him now and no one wanted to 2 them the money.She heard Daddy say to her Mother 3 ,“Only a miracle(奇迹(qj)can save him now.”Tess got all the change she had and 4 her way to the drug store.1.A.surgeon B.companion C.protection D.operation2.2.A.borrow B.lend C.make D.leave3.A.happily B.proudly C.angrilyD.sadly4.A.made B.took C.sailed D.passedmake ones way to朝朝走去走去 第二十三页，共29页。ClozeCloze5.A.doubtful B.bad C.puzzling D.unlucky6.A.buy B.purchase C.sell D.share7.A.looked B.ran C.came D.rolled “What do you want?”the clerk asked.“A miracle.”Tess answered.“My little brother has something 5 growing inside his head and my dad says only a miracle can save him now.”“We dont 6 miracles here,little girl.”The clerk said.The clerks brother was a well-dressed man.He 7 over and asked the little girl,“What kind of miracle does your brother need?”come over走近，走过来走近，走过来(gu li)look over仔细检查仔细检查 run over撞倒撞倒，跑过去，跑过去 roll over翻滚；翻身翻滚；翻身 第二十四页，共29页。ClozeCloze8.A.replied B.allowed C.accepted D.expected9.A.tired B.deaf C.nervous D.sick10.A.wait B.beg C.pay D.apply11.A.high B.low C.loud D.excited “I dont know,”Tess 8 with tears in her eyes.“I just know hes really 9 ,but my dad cant 10 for a miracle,so I want to use my one dollar and eleven cents”.Tess answered in a 11 voice.第二十五页，共29页。ClozeCloze12.A.exact B.same C.proper D.reasonable13.A.spending B.waste C.charge D.tip14.A.achievement B.success C.medicine D.miracle15.A.devotion B.faith C.trust D.patience “A dollar and eleven cents-the 12 price of a miracle for a little brother.”smiled the man.That well-dressed man was Dr.Carlton Armstrong,a surgeon.The operation was completed without 13 and it wasnt long before Andrew was home again and doing well.That surgery is a real 14 .It costs one dollar and eleven cents,plus the 15 of a little child.第二十六页，共29页。ClozeClozeSummary（总结(zngji)）2 _the answers according to the passage is a good way to do a cloze.Guessing1 You should_the passage,then you may find the answer is just in the passage.read through3:Chose the best answers.第二十七页，共29页。ClozeClozeSteps of Cloze Tests(完形填空的解题完形填空的解题(ji t)步骤步骤)1 1、跳过空格，通读、跳过空格，通读(tn d)(tn d)全文，掌全文，掌握大意握大意3、复读全文、复读全文(qun wn)，逐个核对，逐个核对，验证答案验证答案2、瞻前顾后，瞻前顾后，先易后难，先易后难，各个击破各个击破2mins10mins2mins第二十八页，共29页。ClozeClozeTips to Close Test:Tips to Close Test:1 1注重首、尾句。注重首、尾句。2 2克服畏难、急躁情绪克服畏难、急躁情绪,耐心通读全文。耐心通读全文。3 3切勿看到一个空格就急着选出一个答切勿看到一个空格就急着选出一个答 案，必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。案，必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。4 4先易后难先易后难,注意注意(zh y)(zh y)从文中同样结构或类从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。5 5如果选项从语法角度无法确定，则必须从如果选项从语法角度无法确定，则必须从 语篇语篇(前提示、后暗示前提示、后暗示)意义上加以鉴别。意义上加以鉴别。第二十九页，共29页。