一般现在时语法总结演示教学.ppt

一般现在时语法总结一般现在时语法总结定定义一般现在时：表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的一般现在时：表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一种时间状态种时间状态1.1.表示现在的状态表示现在的状态：e.g.e.g.Hes twelve.Hes twelve.Shes at work Shes at work.2.2.表经常或习惯性的动作表经常或习惯性的动作：e.g.e.g.I get up at 6:30 every dayI get up at 6:30 every day.He reads English every morningHe reads English every morning.常用的状常用的状语：often,sometimes,usually,everyday等。等。3.3.表主语具备的性格和能力等表主语具备的性格和能力等：e.g.e.g.She likes noodles.She likes noodles.They speak French They speak French.4.表示不受时间限制的普遍真理和自然规律表示不受时间限制的普遍真理和自然规律：e.g.e.g.Two and four is six.Two and four is six.The moon goes around the earth.The moon goes around the earth.具体用法具体用法具体用法具体用法1.表示表示经常的或常的或习惯性的性的动作，常与表示作，常与表示频率的率的时间状状语连用。用。(时间状状语：always,usually,everymorning/night/evening/day/week/year,often,sometimes,seldom,onceamonth,onSundays)e.g.Ileavehomeforschoolat7:00everymorning.Hegetsupatsixinthemorning.2.表示客表示客观事事实和普遍真理。和普遍真理。e.gTheearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.3表示格言或警句中。表示格言或警句中。e.gPridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必者必败。4.表示按表示按规定、定、计划或划或时间表将要表将要发生的事。生的事。e.gThetrainstartsat10oclockinthemorning.火火车将在早上将在早上10点开出。点开出。Weleaveverysoon.我我们很快就离开很快就离开。这类用法限于表示用法限于表示“移移动”的的动词：go去，去，come来，来，leave离开，离开，start出出发，begin开始，开始，arrive到达，到达，takeoff起起飞，等。，等。常用的时间状语1.频度副词频度副词:sometimes(有时有时),often,always(总是总是),usually(通常通常),seldom,never(决不决不)twice a week,seldom,once a month,on Sundays2.inthemorning/afternoon/evening每周六每周六onSaturdays每周日每周日onSundays3.everymorning/night/evening/day/week/year,e.g.Ileavehomeforschoolat7:00everymorning.Igetupat6:30everyday.HereadsEnglisheverymorning.4.一次一次once两次两次twice三次三次threetimes一周两次一周两次twiceaweek每周四次每周四次fourtimesaweek结构构结构结构1：主语主语+be（am/is/are）+其它其它陈述句：陈述句：SheisfromAmerica.否定句：否定句：Sheis notfromAmerica.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：IsshefromAmerica?肯定回答肯定回答：Yes,sheis.否定回答否定回答：No,sheisnt.一般现在时含有一般现在时含有be动词变动词变疑问、否定句疑问、否定句的口诀：要变一般疑问的口诀：要变一般疑问句，句，be动词动词提前提前很容易。否定句，很简单，很容易。否定句，很简单，not在在be动词动词后面后面站站。结构构结构构2：主主语+行行为动词+其它其它陈述句述句结构：主构：主语+行行为动词+其它其它(但是当主但是当主语是第三人称是第三人称单数数时，行行为动词+s/es/y改改i加加es)Wegotoschoolat7:00.ShestudiesEnglisheveryday.否定句否定句结构：主构：主语+dont/doesnt+动词原形原形+其它其它Wedontgotoschoolat7:00.ShedoesntstudyEnglisheveryday.疑疑问句句结构：构：Do/Does+主主语+动词原形原形+其它其它Doesshegotoschoolat7:00?肯定回答：肯定回答：Yes,shedoes.否定回答：否定回答：No,shedoesnt.一般一般现在在时行行为动词变疑疑问句口句口诀：一添、二改、三原、四一添、二改、三原、四问号。号。即一添即一添Do/Does,二大写改小写，三二大写改小写，三动词用原形，四句末加用原形，四句末加“？”一般现在时变否定句口诀：若是一般现在时变否定句口诀：若是没有没有be动词，动词，do,does加加not要牢记。要牢记。1.如果主语是如果主语是名词复数名词复数和和第一人称第一人称I、we，第第二人称二人称 you第三人称第三人称 they谓语动词不用做谓语动词不用做任何变化，即仍然用动词原形表示：任何变化，即仍然用动词原形表示：肯定句肯定句 主语主语+动词原形动词原形+其他其他 否定句否定句 主语主语+dont+动词原形动词原形+其他其他 一般疑问句一般疑问句 Do+主语主语+动词原形动词原形+其他其他 例例 1)We usually go to school at 7:30.我们通常我们通常7:30上学去。上学去。go 2)My parents give ten yuan to my sister every week.我父母每星期给我妹妹十元钱。我父母每星期给我妹妹十元钱。v2.主语是任何一个主语是任何一个单数单数名词或者是名词或者是第三人称第三人称单数单数，谓语动词要进行必要的变化。特别，谓语动词要进行必要的变化。特别提一点：提一点：不可数名词也算作单数处理不可数名词也算作单数处理。肯定句肯定句:主语主语+动词的第三人称单数动词的第三人称单数+其他其他 否定句否定句:主语主语+doesnt+动词原形动词原形+其他其他 一般疑问句一般疑问句:Does+主语主语+动词原形动词原形+其他其他 肯定回答肯定回答:Yes，主语，主语+does 否定回答否定回答:No，主语，主语+doesnt 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+一般疑问句一般疑问句 一般现在时v动词的第三人称单数形式(一般现在时一般现在时第三人第三人称单（称单（he,she,it)1.一般情一般情况况词尾加尾加-s：reads,writes2.以以ch,sh,s,x,结尾的尾的词加加-es：watches,washes,guesses,goes.3.以以辅音字母音字母+y结尾的尾的词变y为i,再加再加-es:cry-cries,study-studies4.以以辅音字母音字母+O结尾的尾的词，一一般情般情况况是在是在词尾尾加加esgoesdoes.5.特殊特殊is-arehas-have1、一般、一般动词，在，在词尾加尾加 s;如：如：work-works,live-lives,play-plays,sing-sings.eg:She lives in Ningbo.她住在宁波。她住在宁波。2、以、以/s/z/等音素等音素结尾的尾的动词，词尾加尾加-es，如，如词尾尾为e，只加只加-s.读作作/iz/如：如：teach-teaches,wash-washes.eg:My mother washes the coat.我母我母亲洗了大衣。洗了大衣。行为动词行为动词do一般现在时一般现在时第三人称单第三人称单（he,she,it)的构成规则：的构成规则：动词变化化规律律3.以以辅音字母加音字母加y 结尾的尾的词，把，把y变i在加在加es，读作作ZStudy flystudiesflies 4.以以辅音字母音字母+O结尾的尾的词，一般情况是在，一般情况是在词尾加尾加es 读作作Zgo do goesdoes5.特殊情况：特殊情况：have has EX2EX2 1.Tom often_(get)up at six in the morning 1.Tom often_(get)up at six in the morning 2.The earth _(go)around the sun.2.The earth _(go)around the sun.3.Marys parent _(live)in Beijing.3.Marys parent _(live)in Beijing.4.She _(draw)very well.4.She _(draw)very well.Ex1.Ex1.写出下列写出下列写出下列写出下列词词的的的的单单三形式：三形式：三形式：三形式：look;go;give;fly;have look;go;give;fly;have looks;golooks;goeses;give;gives s;flies;has ;flies;has getsgoeslivesdraws特殊疑特殊疑问句句特特殊殊疑疑问词：what（什什么么）,when,what time（什什么么时间）,who（谁）,where（在在哪哪里里）,why（为什什么么）,how（怎怎样）,how many+可可数数名名词的的复复数数（多多少少），how long（多多长时间）,how often（多多久久一一次次）which(哪哪一一个）等个）等定定义：含有含有特殊疑特殊疑问词的句子叫的句子叫特殊疑特殊疑问句句一般现在时变否定句口诀：若是一般现在时变否定句口诀：若是没有没有be动词，动词，do,does加加not要牢记。要牢记。一、疑问词一、疑问词+一般疑问句句序：一般疑问句句序：Where are you from?Im from the north.What do you want?I want the books on your desk.特殊疑特殊疑问句的句的语序序 二，与陈述句的语序同：（疑问词作主语或修饰主语)Whogivesyouthepresent.Mr.Wanggivesmethepresent.Whatisinthebox?Whichismine?Whosebookisonthedesk?一般现在时Summary（小（小结）一般一般现在在时顺口溜口溜第一、二人称和复数，第一、二人称和复数，动词原形不原形不变换。当主当主语是是三三单时，动词后后加加s(es)别忘忘怀。要要变一般疑一般疑问句，句，be动词提前提前很容易。很容易。若是若是没有没有be动词，Do和和Does开开头要注意。要注意。否定句，很否定句，很简单，not在在be动词后面站后面站。若是若是没有没有be动词，do,does加加not要牢要牢记。一般现在时Complete the passage.（用括号内词的适当形式填空）I _(be)a student.I _(be)from ChinaMr Wei_(be)my English teacher.He _(speak)English well and he _(work)hard a lot.I_(like)English very much.Lucy_(be)myfriend.She _(be)from America.She _(not speak)Chinese well.We _(not like)football.We _(be)good friends.amamisspeaksworkslikeisisdoesntspeakdontlikeare Tom goes to school every day by bike.1.就就Tom 提提问 2.就就goes to school提提问 3.就就by bike提提问 Ex.请做做练习。1.Who goes to school every day by bike?2.What does Tom do every day by bike?3.How does Tom go to school every day?V 选择疑疑问句句选择疑疑问句句:(直直接接回回答答，与与YES 和和NO 无关）无关）1Does she work in a factory or in an office?2Which do you like best,football,basketball or volleyball?Eg:Does she play football or basketball?A.Yes,she does B.she plays football.C.No,she doesnt some、anyv一般说来，some用于肯定句中，any用于否定句和疑问句中。改疑改疑问句或否定句句或否定句时，原句里的，原句里的some要改成要改成anyTherearesomebooksonthedesk.(改为否定句)Therearentanybooksonthedesk.Arethereanybooksonthedesk?Whynotbuysomeapples?为什么不买些苹果呢?Wouldyoulikesomemoreapples?你要不要再吃点苹果?注意：在表示建议或希望得到肯定回答时，some可用于疑问句，不用变成any.and orv变否定句时，and要变成orThereissomeairandwateronthemoon.Thereisntanyairorwateronthemoon.Hehassomebrothersandsisters.Hedoesnthaveanybrothersorsisters.在否定句当中，too要改为eitherIlikeeatingapples,too.Idontlikeeatingapples,either.三、仿造示例完成句子，用上三、仿造示例完成句子，用上but和和and。Module:Jack,ride a bike,ride a horse.Jack can ride a bike,but he cant ride a horse.Jack can ride a bike and horse.1.Betty,ride a bike,swim_Betty can ride a bike,but he cant swim.Betty can ride a bike and swim.含含be或情态动词一般疑问句的改或情态动词一般疑问句的改写写秘诀：一调二改三问号一调：即把句中的be或情态动词调到主语前；二改：改换主语称谓，即将句中的主语I my mine we our ours等第一人称分别改为相应的第二人称you your yours等；三问号：句末的句号改为问号 第二家族：含行为动词（或称为实义动词）一般疑问句的改写 秘诀：一加二改三问号秘诀：一加二改三问号一加：即在句首加助动词Do或Does；二改：1、把谓语动词改为原形；2、改换主语称谓（同第一家组）；三问号：句末的句号改为问号。对划线部分提问对划线部分提问 3.Its Wednesday today.4.His favourite sport is basketball.5.My brother works in Shenzhen.6.One of my classmates comes from Australia.7.Lucy usually gets up at 6:30 in the morning.Whatdayisittoday?Whatshisfavouritesport?Wheredoesyourbrotherwork?Wheredoesoneofyourclassmatescomefrom?WhendoesLucygetupinthemorning?I do my homework.(用用He 改写改写)He does his homework.She does her homework.(用用we改写改写)We do our homework.Tom does his homework.(用用they 改写改写)They do their homewrk.II 一般一般现在在时的的否定式1.Be 动词的否定式的否定式:be+notI am a teacher.You are a workerShe is a doctorWe are friends.Im not a teacherYou arent a workerShe isnt a doctor.We arent friends.is not=isntare not=arent 否定句否定句否定句型否定句型v1.谓语动词或助动词是谓语动词或助动词是 be、have或者情态动或者情态动词词can/may/must 等，在将助动词后加等，在将助动词后加not.I am not at college.Mr.Wang isnt 50 years old.The Jacksons doesnt have two sons.You may not go now.v2.谓语动词是谓语动词是实义动词实义动词，是在谓语动词前加，是在谓语动词前加do not 或或does not，谓语动词改用动词原，谓语动词改用动词原型。型。I dont have lunch at home.They dont play basketball on the sportsground.Mr.Jimmy doesnt know French.Ex1.将下列各句从肯定式改将下列各句从肯定式改为否定式否定式1.I talk to Peter because I like him.2.Kate comes from America.Kate works with Peter3.I am Chinese,and I am a student.4.They know each other.I dont talk to Peter because I dont like him.Kate doesnt come from America.Kate doesnt work with Peter.I am not Chinese,and I am not a studentThey dont know each other.疑问句型问句型v1.对于谓语动词或助动词是对于谓语动词或助动词是 be、have、can/may/must 等，将这些词移到主语前面。等，将这些词移到主语前面。vAre you students？vYes,we are./No,we arent.vIs Jane in the classroom?vYes,he is./No,he isnt.vDoes the house have two rooms?vYes,it does/No,it doesnt.vIs there any water in the glass?vYes,there is./No,there isnt.vCan you swim?vYes,I can./No,I cant.v2.谓语动词是实义动词，方法是在主语前加助谓语动词是实义动词，方法是在主语前加助动词动词do或或does构成，句中动词要改用原型动词。构成，句中动词要改用原型动词。do用于第一人称和名词复数，用于第一人称和名词复数，does用于第三人用于第三人称单数和名词单数或不可数名词。称单数和名词单数或不可数名词。vDo you know it？vYes,I do./No,I dont.vDoes she have a pen？vYes,she does./No,she hasnt.have 这里这里是实义动词是实义动词 vDo they play basketball after school?vYes,they do./No,they dont.概念：用概念：用 yes 或或 no 来回答的疑来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑句叫做一般疑问句。句。III一般疑问句一般疑问句I am a teacher.You are a worker.He is a student.We are friends.1.对于于BE 动词，疑，疑问句要求把句要求把BE 提前，第一人称的提前，第一人称的单数和复数数和复数（I/WE），第一），第一变成第二人称。成第二人称。疑疑问句句Are you a teacher?Are you a worker?Is he a student?Are you friends?2.对于于实意意动词，疑，疑问句要求是：当主句要求是：当主语是他是他(he)，她，她(she)，它，它(it)时，句子前，句子前面加面加DOES，并把，并把动词恢复原形；当主恢复原形；当主语是其他人称是其他人称时，句前加，句前加DO，第一人，第一人(I/we)称称换第二人称第二人称(you)。I often go there.You like the music.He goes to work by bus.We/You/They like it.Do you often go there?Do you like the music.?Does he go to work by bus?Do you/they like it?Ex1.请做练习1.Her parents live in Shanghai.否否:Her parents_ in Shanghai.疑：疑：_ her parents_ in Shanghai?.2.You study English.否：否：You study English.疑：疑：you study English?3.How often Tom football?A.is,play B.do,play C.does,play D.does,plays dont liveDo liveDontDo C请把下列句子把下列句子变成否定句和疑成否定句和疑问句。句。1.The sun rises in the east.2.Tom gets up at six in the morning.The sun doesnt rise in the east.Does the sun rise in the east?Tom doesnt get up at six in the morning.Does Tom get up at six in the morning?3.TheyliveinShanhai.4.Iamastudent.They dont live in Shanhai.Do they live in Shanhai?I am not a student.Are you a student?结束结束