初中英语语法大全教学内容.ppt

Revision of Revision of Junior EnglishJunior English 初三英语初三英语初三英语初三英语(yn(yn y)y)复习复习复习复习第一页，共75页。Adjectives and Adverbs形容词、副词形容词、副词(fc)第二页，共75页。区别几组易混淆的副词、形容词区别几组易混淆的副词、形容词 already already 常用于肯定句、个常用于肯定句、个别别(gbi)(gbi)疑问句疑问句 yet yet 常用于否定句、疑问常用于否定句、疑问句句 *The train has already *The train has already gone.gone.*They havent come *They havent come back yet.back yet.such such 修饰名词修饰名词 so so 修饰形修饰形容词、副词容词、副词 *I have never seen such *I have never seen such an interesting film.an interesting film.*This box is so heavy *This box is so heavy that I cant carry it.that I cant carry it.第三页，共75页。alone(单独、独自单独、独自)作表语作表语(bioy)=by oneself lonely(孤独的孤独的)可作表语可作表语(bioy)、定、定语语 *He lived alone,but he didnt feel lonely.*Its a lonely village.hard(努力地努力地)hardly(几乎不几乎不)否定副词否定副词 *She works very hard,and he hardly has a rest on Sundays.第四页，共75页。The Comparative&Superlative Degrees of Adjectives&Adverbs第五页，共75页。形容词和副词形容词和副词(fc)比较级和最高级的构成比较级和最高级的构成第六页，共75页。规则变化规则变化单音节词和少数单音节词和少数(shosh)(shosh)双音节词双音节词 1)1)一般情况加一般情况加 er er 或或 est est fast faster fastest fast faster fastest high higher highest high higher highest clever cleverer clever cleverer cleverest cleverest 第七页，共75页。规则变化规则变化单音节词和少数单音节词和少数(shosh)(shosh)双音节词双音节词 2)2)以字母以字母 e e 结尾加结尾加 r r 或或 st st fine finer finest fine finer finest late later latest late later latest nice nicer nicest nice nicer nicest第八页，共75页。规则变化规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词单音节词和少数双音节词 3)3)重读闭音节、末尾只有重读闭音节、末尾只有(zhyu)(zhyu)一个辅音一个辅音 字母时双写加字母时双写加 er er 或或 est est fat fatter fattest fat fatter fattest big bigger biggest big bigger biggest thin thinner thin thinner thinnest thinnest 第九页，共75页。规则变化规则变化单音节单音节(ynji)(ynji)词和少数双音节词和少数双音节(ynji)(ynji)词词 4)4)以辅音字母加以辅音字母加 y y 结尾变结尾变 y y 为为 i i 加加 er er 或或 est est early earlier early earlier earliest earliest easy easier easiest easy easier easiest lucky luckier lucky luckier luckiest luckiest 第十页，共75页。规则变化规则变化规则变化规则变化部分双音节部分双音节部分双音节部分双音节(ynji)(ynji)(ynji)(ynji)和多音节和多音节和多音节和多音节(ynji)(ynji)(ynji)(ynji)词词词词 在词前加在词前加在词前加在词前加 more more more more 或或或或 most most most most slowly-more slowly-most slowly-more slowly-most slowly-more slowly-most slowly-more slowly-most slowlyslowlyslowlyslowly easily-more easily-most easily-more easily-most easily-more easily-most easily-more easily-most easilyeasilyeasilyeasily carefully-more carefully carefully-more carefully carefully-more carefully carefully-more carefully -most -most -most -most carefullycarefullycarefullycarefully第十一页，共75页。不规则变化不规则变化(binhu)good/well better best many/much more most little less least far farther farthest (far further furthest)bad/badly/ill worse worst 第十二页，共75页。形容词和副词形容词和副词(fc)比较级和最高级的用法比较级和最高级的用法第十三页，共75页。1)1)表示表示(biosh)(biosh)两者（人或事物）的两者（人或事物）的比较时用比较级，通常用连词比较时用比较级，通常用连词 than than 引导，表示引导，表示(biosh)“(biosh)“较较”或或“更更一些一些”的意思的意思 *This cake is more delicious *This cake is more delicious than that one.than that one.*Li Lei jumped farther than *Li Lei jumped farther than Jim(did).Jim(did).第十四页，共75页。2)2)表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较用最高级，最高级的前面较用最高级，最高级的前面(qin mian)(qin mian)一一般要加定冠词般要加定冠词thethe，后面可带，后面可带ofof（in,amongin,among）短语来说明比较的范围）短语来说明比较的范围 *Shanghai is the biggest city in *Shanghai is the biggest city in China.China.*Lucy sings(the)best of all.*Lucy sings(the)best of all.*He is the most careful among us.*He is the most careful among us.第十五页，共75页。3)3)在表示在表示“和和一样一样(yyng)”(yyng)”和和“不不及及”这类概念时，可这类概念时，可以用以用“as+“as+原级原级+as”+as”和和“not “not asas（soso）+原级原级+as”+as”的句型的句型 *Our teacher is as busy as *Our teacher is as busy as before.before.*He does not run so(as)*He does not run so(as)fast as I.fast as I.第十六页，共75页。4)4)可用可用much,still,a little,much,still,a little,even,far,three yearseven,far,three years等表示等表示(biosh)(biosh)程度的状语来修饰比较级程度的状语来修饰比较级 *She is much taller than *She is much taller than Mrs.Liu.Mrs.Liu.*He is three years older than *He is three years older than I.I.*This problem is a little *This problem is a little more difficult than the other more difficult than the other one.one.第十七页，共75页。5)5)几种比较级的使用句型几种比较级的使用句型(j xn)(j xn)1.“1.“比较级比较级+and+and+比较级比较级 ”表示表示“越来越越来越”*Your English is getting *Your English is getting better and better.better and better.你的英语越来越好了。你的英语越来越好了。*These days more and more *These days more and more people are learning English.people are learning English.现在学英语的人越来越多了。现在学英语的人越来越多了。第十八页，共75页。2.“the+2.“the+比较级，比较级，the+the+比较级比较级”表示表示(biosh)“(biosh)“越越就越就越”*The more,the better.*The more,the better.越多越好。越多越好。*The busier he is,the happier *The busier he is,the happier he feels.he feels.他越忙越高兴。他越忙越高兴。第十九页，共75页。3.“more(less)than”3.“more(less)than”表示表示 “不止不止(bzh)(bzh)，不到，不到”*She is more than thirty.*She is more than thirty.她三十多岁了。她三十多岁了。*The lightest weighs less *The lightest weighs less than 50than 50 kilograms.kilograms.最轻的不到五十公斤。最轻的不到五十公斤。第二十页，共75页。4.“more or less”4.“more or less”表示表示“差不多，差不多，或多或少或多或少”*The problem is more or less *The problem is more or less solved.solved.这个问题这个问题(wnt)(wnt)差不多已经解决差不多已经解决了。了。*Is it straight?More or *Is it straight?More or less.less.它直吗？它直吗？差不多吧。差不多吧。第二十一页，共75页。6)6)注意点注意点 形容词最高级前一定要用形容词最高级前一定要用thethe，副词最，副词最高级前可省略高级前可省略在比较级中为了避免重复，在在比较级中为了避免重复，在thethe后常用后常用oneone，thatthat，thosethose等词来替代前面提等词来替代前面提到到(t do)(t do)过的名词过的名词 *This pen is shorter than that *This pen is shorter than that one.one.*The weather here is warmer than *The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.that of Shanghai.第二十二页，共75页。3.3.用用oror连接两项需作比较的内容连接两项需作比较的内容(nirng)(nirng)时，须用比较级；若时，须用比较级；若oror连连接三项或三项以上的内容接三项或三项以上的内容(nirng)(nirng)时，则须用最高级时，则须用最高级 *Who is taller,Mary or *Who is taller,Mary or Jane?Jane?*Which is biggest,the sun,*Which is biggest,the sun,the moon or the earth?the moon or the earth?第二十三页，共75页。7)7)掌握几种同义掌握几种同义(tn y)(tn y)句转换句转换 1.He is taller than any 1.He is taller than any other student in his class.other student in his class.=He is taller than the =He is taller than the other students in his class.other students in his class.=He is taller than any of =He is taller than any of the other students in his class.the other students in his class.=He is the tallest =He is the tallest(student)in his class.(student)in his class.第二十四页，共75页。3.I prefer maths to English.=I like maths better than English.4.The box is too heavy for him to carry.=The box is so heavy that he cant carry it.=The box is not light enough for him to carry.第二十五页，共75页。Exercises第二十六页，共75页。选择选择(xunz)()1 Who gets home usually _ in your family?A.the latest B.later C.early D.as late()2 The more we looked at the picture,_.A.we like it less B.the less we liked it C.better we liked it D.it looked better()3 What a pity.Lucy ran _ than Lily.A.a few more slowly B.a little more slowly C.much more slowly D.little slowlierABB第二十七页，共75页。()4 Dont worry.Your baby is looked after _ here,the nurse are very _.A.careful,carefully B.carefully,careful C.care,careless D.careless,care()5 The idea became _.He wanted to try _.A.strangly,it out B.strangly,out it C.strange,it out D.strange,out it()6 Beijing is _ biggest cities in China.A.the first B.one of C.the second D.secondBCC第二十八页，共75页。用词的适当形式用词的适当形式(xngsh)填空填空1 He works very _.He _ has a rest on Sunday.(hard)2 _,he didnt fail in the exam.(luck)3 He was so _ that he couldnt believe this _ news.(surprise)4 He wont do it.I wont do it,_.(too)hardhardlyLuckilysurprisedsurprisingeither第二十九页，共75页。5 Mr.Green is feeling _ enough to go to work.(good)6 The old man looks very _ than you think.(friend)7 This box is not so _ as that one.(heavy)8 Lucy jumped _ of the four.(high)wellmore friendlyheavyhighest第三十页，共75页。Pronouns代代 词词第三十一页，共75页。代词代词(dic)的分类的分类 人称代词人称代词(dic)Personal Pronouns 物主代词物主代词(dic)Possessive Pronouns 反身代词反身代词(dic)Self Pronouns 不定代词不定代词(dic)Indefinite Pronouns 指示代词指示代词(dic)Demonstrative Pronouns 疑问代词疑问代词(dic)Interrogative Pronouns第三十二页，共75页。人称代词人称代词(dic)Personal(dic)Personal PronounsPronouns 数数 单数单数 复数复数人称人称 一一 二二 三三 一一 二二 三三主格主格 I you he she it I you he she it we you theywe you they宾格宾格 me me you him her it you him her it usus your them your them第三十三页，共75页。1.1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格语时用宾格 *They all like him very *They all like him very much.much.他们他们(t men)(t men)都很喜欢他。都很喜欢他。*She gave the books *She gave the books toto you you and me.and me.这些书是她送给你和我的。这些书是她送给你和我的。第三十四页，共75页。2.2.人称代词在作表语时，用宾格人称代词在作表语时，用宾格 *Whos knocking at the *Whos knocking at the door?door?Its me.Its me.谁敲门？谁敲门？-是我。是我。3.3.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序人称代词在并列使用时的顺序(shnx)(shnx)为为“第二人称，第三人称，第二人称，第三人称，第一人称第一人称”*You,she and I all enjoy the *You,she and I all enjoy the music.music.你我她都喜欢音乐。你我她都喜欢音乐。第三十五页，共75页。4.she 4.she可以用来代表国家、船只、大可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等地、月亮等 *We love our motherland,*We love our motherland,we hope shell be stronger and we hope shell be stronger and bigger.bigger.我们热爱我们的祖国我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她我们希望她更强大。更强大。*The ship is leaving.*The ship is leaving.Shes on her first trip Shes on her first trip toto Boston.Boston.轮船轮船(lnchun)(lnchun)要起航了。这是要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。她第一次去波士顿。第三十六页，共75页。5.it 5.it作为人称代词时，可以表示天作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间气、距离、时间(shjin)(shjin)、环境等、环境等 *What the weather like *What the weather like today?today?Its windy.Its windy.今天的天气怎么样？今天的天气怎么样？-有风。有风。*Its about five *Its about five minutes walk from home minutes walk from home toto school.school.从家到学校的路程大约从家到学校的路程大约5 5分钟。分钟。第三十七页，共75页。6.it 6.it可作为形式主语，将不定式、可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳显得平稳 *Its hard *Its hard toto reach reach the apples.the apples.很难够到苹果。很难够到苹果。*Its good for you *Its good for you taking a walk after supper.taking a walk after supper.对你来说饭后散步对你来说饭后散步(sn b)(sn b)是有好处的。是有好处的。第三十八页，共75页。物主代词物主代词 Possessive Pronouns Possessive Pronouns 形容词性形容词性 名词名词(mng(mng c)c)性性 my my mine mine your your yoursyours his his hishis her her hershers its its itsits our our ours ours your your yoursyours their their theirstheirs第三十九页，共75页。1.1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语定语 *My brother is a worker.*My brother is a worker.我弟弟我弟弟(d di)(d di)是个工人。是个工人。*His parents are very *His parents are very friendly.friendly.他的父母非常友善。他的父母非常友善。第四十页，共75页。2.2.名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语语和宾语(bny)(bny)*Whose dictionary is this?*Whose dictionary is this?Its mine.Its mine.这字典是谁的？这字典是谁的？-我的。我的。*Our room is big and theirs is *Our room is big and theirs is small.small.我们的房间大，他们的房间小。我们的房间大，他们的房间小。*You may use my pen.Ill use *You may use my pen.Ill use hers.hers.你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。第四十一页，共75页。3.3.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：词的关系：形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词+名词名词=名词性物主名词性物主代词代词 注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是的关系是单数还是(hi shi)(hi shi)复数。复数。*These books arent ours.Ours *These books arent ours.Ours are new.are new.(our books=ours)(our books=ours)*This is not our room.Ours is *This is not our room.Ours is over there.over there.(our room=ours)(our room=ours)第四十二页，共75页。4.“of+4.“of+名词性物主代词名词性物主代词”表示所属表示所属 *A sister of his is a nurse.*A sister of his is a nurse.他的一个妹妹是个护士他的一个妹妹是个护士(h(h shi)shi)。*Tom is a friend of mine *Tom is a friend of mine 我的一个朋友我的一个朋友第四十三页，共75页。反身代词反身代词 Self Pronouns Self Pronouns单数单数(dnsh)(dnsh)myself yourself himself myself yourself himself herself itselfherself itself复数复数 ourselves ourselves yourselves yourselves themselvesthemselves第四十四页，共75页。1.1.反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语和同反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语和同位语位语 *He thinks more of others than of *He thinks more of others than of himself.himself.他想到别人比想到自己更多一些。他想到别人比想到自己更多一些。*That poor boy was myself.*That poor boy was myself.那个可怜的孩子那个可怜的孩子(hi zi)(hi zi)就是我自己。就是我自己。*He himself was a doctor.*He himself was a doctor.他本人就是一个大夫。他本人就是一个大夫。*I myself can work the problem *I myself can work the problem out.out.我能亲自算出这道题我能亲自算出这道题第四十五页，共75页。2.2.反身代词反身代词(fn shn di c)(fn shn di c)有以下有以下常见搭配常见搭配 enjoy oneself=have a good enjoy oneself=have a good time time by oneself=alone by oneself=alone help oneself help oneself toto learn sth.by oneself=teach learn sth.by oneself=teach oneself sth.oneself sth.注意：注意：oneself oneself 有单复数之分有单复数之分 *I enjoy myself.*I enjoy myself.*Children,help *Children,help yourselves yourselves toto some fish.some fish.第四十六页，共75页。不定代词不定代词 Indefinite Pronouns Indefinite Pronouns 不是指明代替不是指明代替(dit)(dit)特定名词特定名词（或形容词）的代词（或形容词）的代词 all,each,every,both,all,each,every,both,either,neithereither,neither none,one,little,few,none,one,little,few,many,muchmany,much other,another,some,any,other,another,some,any,nono 由由some,any,no,every some,any,no,every 等构等构成的合成代词成的合成代词第四十七页，共75页。几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词 1.some/any 1.some/any some some（一些（一些(yxi),(yxi),某）一般用某）一般用于肯定句中于肯定句中 *There are some flowers in *There are some flowers in front of the house.front of the house.any any（一些（一些(yxi),(yxi),任何）多用于疑任何）多用于疑问句和否定句问句和否定句 *Do you have any picture-*Do you have any picture-books?books?第四十八页，共75页。注意：注意：somesome有时也可用于表示请求、征有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中求意见的疑问句中 *Would you like some meat?*Would you like some meat?你想要些肉吗？你想要些肉吗？*May I ask some questions?*May I ask some questions?我可以我可以(ky)(ky)问问题吗？问问题吗？*Could I have some apples?*Could I have some apples?我可以我可以(ky)(ky)吃苹果吗？吃苹果吗？*Will you give me some water?*Will you give me some water?你能给我些水吗？你能给我些水吗？第四十九页，共75页。2.many/much 2.many/much many many 修饰修饰(xish)(xish)或指代复数或指代复数名词名词 *There are many eggs in the *There are many eggs in the basket.basket.*Many of us like playing *Many of us like playing games.games.much much 修饰修饰(xish)(xish)或指代不可或指代不可数名词数名词 *He doesnt know much *He doesnt know much English.English.第五十页，共75页。3.another/other 3.another/other another another 泛指三个或三个以上泛指三个或三个以上(yshng)(yshng)中的另一个中的另一个 *I dont want this *I dont want this coat.Please show me another.coat.Please show me another.other other 后面接名词，泛指别的、后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的其他的 *Do you have any other *Do you have any other questions?questions?第五十一页，共75页。4.the other/others/the others4.the other/others/the others the other the other 1.1.特指特指(t zh)(t zh)两个中的另一两个中的另一个个 *He has two sons.One *He has two sons.One is a worker,the other is a is a worker,the other is a doctor.doctor.2.2.修饰名词，特指修饰名词，特指(t zh)(t zh)另另一个、另一些一个、另一些 *Tom likes swimming,*Tom likes swimming,and the other boys in his class and the other boys in his class like swimming,too.like swimming,too.第五十二页，共75页。others泛指其他的人或物泛指其他的人或物 *He often helps others.*Some are playing basketball,others are playing football.the others 特指确定特指确定(qudng)范围内剩范围内剩下的全部人或物下的全部人或物 *There are fifty students in our class.Twenty of them are girls,the others are boys.第五十三页，共75页。5.few/a few/little/a little5.few/a few/little/a little few/a few few/a few 修饰修饰(xish)(xish)可数名可数名词词 little/a little little/a little 修饰修饰(xish)(xish)不不可数名词可数名词 few,little few,little 表示否定意义表示否定意义,译译为为“没有几个没有几个”，“没有多少没有多少”a few,a little a few,a little 表示肯定意义表示肯定意义,译为译为“有几个有几个”，“有一点有一点”第五十四页，共75页。*There are few people living *There are few people living here.here.这里几乎没人住。这里几乎没人住。*There are a few students in *There are a few students in the classroom.the classroom.教室里有一些教室里有一些(yxi)(yxi)学学生。生。*I know little English.*I know little English.我不懂英语。我不懂英语。*There is a little milk in *There is a little milk in the bottle.the bottle.瓶子里有些牛奶。瓶子里有些牛奶。第五十五页，共75页。few 和 little 与 quite 或 only 连用时，常加不定冠词 a *There are quite a few new books in the library.图书馆里颇有些(yuxi)新书。第五十六页，共75页。6.every/each every单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of 连用 *Every child likes playing games.each 表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语(zhy)、宾语和同位语