毒品预防与中国戒毒模式讲座-云南警官学院禁毒系.ppt
毒品预防与毒品预防与中国戒毒模式中国戒毒模式DRUG PREVENTIONDRUG PREVENTION AND DRUG DETOXIFCATION AND AND DRUG DETOXIFCATION AND REHABILITATION IN CHINAREHABILITATION IN CHINA骆寒青教授骆寒青教授 By By LuohanqingLuohanqing professor professor 云南警官学院禁毒系云南警官学院禁毒系 Narcotics Control Department of Yunnan Narcotics Control Department of Yunnan Police OfficerPolice Officers Academys Academy 第一部分第一部分Part OnePart One 禁毒宣传与预防教育禁毒宣传与预防教育Drug preventionDrug prevention education and education and drug publicitydrug publicity 一、禁毒宣传与预防教育的目的一、禁毒宣传与预防教育的目的A.AimsA.Aims(一)政治上维护政府的崇高威信(一)政治上维护政府的崇高威信(A A)Politically to uphold the Politically to uphold the governmentgovernments prestiges prestige (二)经济上减少毒品带来的直接和间接损(二)经济上减少毒品带来的直接和间接损失失(B B)Economically to reduce the damage Economically to reduce the damage which is caused by drug directly and which is caused by drug directly and indirectly.indirectly.(三)净化社会风气,维护安定团结(三)净化社会风气,维护安定团结(C C)To purify the atmosphere of To purify the atmosphere of society and to maintain security and society and to maintain security and unification.unification.二、禁毒宣传预防教育的意义二、禁毒宣传预防教育的意义B.The significanceB.The significance (一)禁毒宣传与预防教育,能够使广大人民(一)禁毒宣传与预防教育,能够使广大人民群众了解政府的禁毒决心,增强全民禁毒意群众了解政府的禁毒决心,增强全民禁毒意识识(A A)It can enable people to learn about It can enable people to learn about the determination of the government to the determination of the government to fight against drug,and can raise fight against drug,and can raise awareness of people against drugawareness of people against drug.(二)禁毒宣传与预防教育,能够使广大人民(二)禁毒宣传与预防教育,能够使广大人民群众了解国家的毒品问题现状,提高对毒品群众了解国家的毒品问题现状,提高对毒品危害的认识危害的认识(B B)It can enable people to learn about It can enable people to learn about present situation of drug and can raise present situation of drug and can raise awareness of the harms done by drug.awareness of the harms done by drug.(三)(三)禁毒宣传与预防教育,能够禁毒宣传与预防教育,能够预防毒品犯预防毒品犯罪罪(C C)It can prevent drug-related crimes.It can prevent drug-related crimes.预防毒品犯罪预防毒品犯罪(prevent drug-related crimesprevent drug-related crimes)1 1、禁毒宣传教育能够提高人民群众对毒品的、禁毒宣传教育能够提高人民群众对毒品的抵抗力;抵抗力;1.It can enable people to resist drug 1.It can enable people to resist drug abuseabuse;2 2、禁毒宣传教育能够起到预防青少年吸毒的、禁毒宣传教育能够起到预防青少年吸毒的作用。作用。1.It can prevent teenagers from abusing 1.It can prevent teenagers from abusing drugs.drugs.(四)禁毒宣传与预防教育,能够有效地震慑(四)禁毒宣传与预防教育,能够有效地震慑毒品犯罪毒品犯罪(D D)It can frighten effectively drug-It can frighten effectively drug-related crimes.related crimes.(五)禁毒宣传与预防教育是争取国际支持,(五)禁毒宣传与预防教育是争取国际支持,促进国际合作交流的有效途径促进国际合作交流的有效途径(E E)It is an effective way to earn It is an effective way to earn internet support and to enhance internet support and to enhance international cooperation and international cooperation and exchange.exchange.三、禁毒宣传与预防教育的要求三、禁毒宣传与预防教育的要求C.theC.the necessities necessities(一)禁毒宣传与预防教育要始终坚持政府的(一)禁毒宣传与预防教育要始终坚持政府的直接统一领导直接统一领导(A)A))It should be directly under the It should be directly under the leadership of the government leadership of the government(二)禁毒宣传与预防教育要求社会各界积极(二)禁毒宣传与预防教育要求社会各界积极投入投入(B B)It needs participation from all It needs participation from all walks of life.walks of life.(三)禁毒宣传与预防教育要做到准确性、策(三)禁毒宣传与预防教育要做到准确性、策略性和多样性略性和多样性(C C)It should be accurateIt should be accurate,diverse and diverse and tactful.tactful.(四)禁毒宣传与预防教育要有超前性和预见(四)禁毒宣传与预防教育要有超前性和预见性性(D D)It should be ahead of times and of It should be ahead of times and of foresight.foresight.四、禁毒宣传与预防教育的途径四、禁毒宣传与预防教育的途径D.ApproachesD.Approaches (一)吸毒的个人预防(一)吸毒的个人预防 (A A)individual preventionindividual prevention (二)吸毒的家庭预防(二)吸毒的家庭预防 (B B)family preventionfamily prevention(三)吸毒的学校预防(三)吸毒的学校预防(C C)school preventionschool prevention (四)吸毒的社区预防(四)吸毒的社区预防 (D D)community preventioncommunity prevention (五)吸毒的社会预防(五)吸毒的社会预防 (E E)society preventionsociety prevention第二部分第二部分Part TwoPart Two国外毒品预防方案评国外毒品预防方案评INTRODUCTION TO DRUG PREVENTION INTRODUCTION TO DRUG PREVENTION SCHEMES IN FOREIGCOUNTRIESSCHEMES IN FOREIGCOUNTRIES 一、知识一、知识-态度态度-行为模型行为模型A.knowledgeA.knowledge-attitude-behavior-attitude-behavior modelmodel二、学校情感教育二、学校情感教育 B.emotionB.emotion education in schools education in schools(一)价值阐明(一)价值阐明(A A)statement of valuestatement of value (二)毒品替代(二)毒品替代 (B B)substitution substitution (三)个人与社会技能(三)个人与社会技能 (C C)individual and social skillsindividual and social skills三、三、“坚决说不坚决说不C.sayC.say “NoNo”to drug to drug 四、四、“无毒品学校无毒品学校”D.NonD.Non-drug school-drug school五、学生援助方案五、学生援助方案E.studentE.student aids scheme aids scheme六、社会影响模式的发展六、社会影响模式的发展 从从吸烟看吸毒吸烟看吸毒F.theF.the evolvement of social evolvement of social influence model-view drug influence model-view drug abuse from the viewpoint of abuse from the viewpoint of smokingsmoking七、毒品滥用抵制七、毒品滥用抵制G.refuseG.refuse to abuse drug to abuse drug(一)训练拒绝技能(一)训练拒绝技能(A A)training skills of rejectingtraining skills of rejecting(二)公共承诺(二)公共承诺(B B)public commitmentpublic commitment(三)回应广告(三)回应广告(C C)response to advertisementresponse to advertisement(四)规范教育(四)规范教育(D D)standard educationstandard education(五)使用青少年领袖(五)使用青少年领袖(E E)employ teenage leadersemploy teenage leaders第三部分第三部分Part ThreePart Three中国戒毒模式中国戒毒模式DRUG DETOXIFCATION AND REHABILITATION IN CHINA中中国国戒戒毒毒模模式式自愿戒毒自愿戒毒Voluntarytreatment 强制隔离戒毒强制隔离戒毒Compulsory treatment 家庭戒毒家庭戒毒Family treatment 自愿治疗机构戒毒自愿治疗机构戒毒Voluntary treatment institutes社区康复社区康复Rehabilitation in community社区戒毒社区戒毒Drug treatment in residential community 国家国家采取各种措施采取各种措施帮助帮助吸毒人员戒除毒瘾,教育和挽救吸毒人员戒除毒瘾,教育和挽救吸毒人员。吸毒成瘾人员吸毒人员。吸毒成瘾人员应当应当进行戒毒治疗。公安机关可以进行戒毒治疗。公安机关可以对涉嫌吸毒的人员进行必要的对涉嫌吸毒的人员进行必要的检测检测。公安机关应当对吸毒人。公安机关应当对吸毒人员进行员进行登记登记。The government tries every method to help addicts get rehabilitated.Drug addicts shall undergo treatment.The police shall give test to the suspected addicts.The addicts shall be registered.为了加强对吸毒人员的管理和帮教,提高戒毒的成效,为了加强对吸毒人员的管理和帮教,提高戒毒的成效,禁毒法禁毒法针对吸毒人员的不同情况,分别规定了针对吸毒人员的不同情况,分别规定了自愿戒毒、自愿戒毒、社区戒毒社区戒毒和和强制隔离戒毒、社区康复强制隔离戒毒、社区康复,并规定期限是,并规定期限是一年至一年至三年三年,其场所的设置、管理体制和经费保障由国务院规定,其场所的设置、管理体制和经费保障由国务院规定。戒毒措施Drug rehabilitation measures(一)自愿戒毒(一)自愿戒毒Voluntary Treatment 吸毒人员可以自行到具有戒毒治疗资质的医疗机构接受吸毒人员可以自行到具有戒毒治疗资质的医疗机构接受戒毒治疗。戒毒治疗。Drug abusers may turn to qualified health agencies for treatment voluntarily.设置戒毒医疗机构或者医疗机构从事戒毒治疗业务的,应设置戒毒医疗机构或者医疗机构从事戒毒治疗业务的,应当符合国务院卫生行政部门规定的条件,报所在地的省级卫生当符合国务院卫生行政部门规定的条件,报所在地的省级卫生行政部门批准,并报同级公安机关备案。行政部门批准,并报同级公安机关备案。The drug treatment agencies shall meet the requirements of the health administrations,and shall obtain the approval from provincial health authority,meanwhile shall report to the public security organ at the same level for the record.戒毒治疗不得以营利为目的。戒毒治疗的药品、医疗戒毒治疗不得以营利为目的。戒毒治疗的药品、医疗器械和治疗方法不得做广告。戒毒治疗收取费用的,应当器械和治疗方法不得做广告。戒毒治疗收取费用的,应当按收费标准执行按收费标准执行。Drug treatment shall not conducted for seeking profits.No advertisements for drugs,equipments and methods for treatment.The treatment fee shall be charged in accordance with relevant standards.省、自治区、直辖市人民政府卫生行政部门会同公安省、自治区、直辖市人民政府卫生行政部门会同公安机关、药品监督管理部门依照国家有关规定,根据巩固戒机关、药品监督管理部门依照国家有关规定,根据巩固戒毒成果的需要和本行政区域艾滋病流行情况,可以组织开毒成果的需要和本行政区域艾滋病流行情况,可以组织开展戒毒药物维持治疗工作。展戒毒药物维持治疗工作。The health administrations at provincial level,together with public security organs and drug supervision departments,may conduct maintenance treatment in line with the relevant regulations.(二)社区戒毒(二)社区戒毒Drug treatment in residential community【决定机关决定机关】对吸毒成瘾人员,对吸毒成瘾人员,公安机关可以责令公安机关可以责令其接受其接受社区戒毒,同时通知吸毒人员户籍所在地或者现居住地的社区戒毒,同时通知吸毒人员户籍所在地或者现居住地的城市街道办事处、乡镇人民政府。城市街道办事处、乡镇人民政府。The police has power to ask drug abusers to accept drug treatment,meanwhile notify the relevant agencies where the permanent residence is registered.【期限期限】社区戒毒的期限为社区戒毒的期限为三年。三年。The duration of treatment is three years【戒毒地点戒毒地点】戒毒人员应当在戒毒人员应当在户籍所在地户籍所在地接受社区戒毒;接受社区戒毒;也可以在也可以在现居住地现居住地接受社区戒毒。接受社区戒毒。The drug abusers can receive drug treatment either in registered permanent residence or present residence.【责任机关责任机关】城市街道办事处、乡镇人民政府负责社区戒城市街道办事处、乡镇人民政府负责社区戒毒工作。应与戒毒人员签订社区戒毒协议,落实有针对性毒工作。应与戒毒人员签订社区戒毒协议,落实有针对性的社区戒毒措施。的社区戒毒措施。The residences offices and township peoples governments are responsible for drug treatment in residential community,signing agreement with drug abusers for treatment,implementing relevant treating measures.【指导协助机关指导协助机关】公安机关和司法行政、卫生行政、民政、公安机关和司法行政、卫生行政、民政、教育、劳动和社会保障等部门应当对社区戒毒工作提供指教育、劳动和社会保障等部门应当对社区戒毒工作提供指导和协助。对无职业且缺乏就业能力的戒毒人员,应当提导和协助。对无职业且缺乏就业能力的戒毒人员,应当提供必要的职业技能培训、就业指导和就业援助。供必要的职业技能培训、就业指导和就业援助。The police,together with judicial departments,public health administrations,civil affairs departments and labor and social security departments,shall provide guidance and assistance for drug treatment.Vocational training,instructions and assistance shall be offered to those who are unemployed and are unable find jobs by themselves.(三)强制隔离戒毒Compulsory treatment【对象对象】吸毒成瘾人员有下列情形之一的,应当予以强制隔离戒毒:吸毒成瘾人员有下列情形之一的,应当予以强制隔离戒毒:(一)拒绝接受社区戒毒的;(一)拒绝接受社区戒毒的;(二)在社区戒毒、社区康复期间吸食、注射毒品的;(二)在社区戒毒、社区康复期间吸食、注射毒品的;(三)严重违反社区戒毒、社区康复协议的;(三)严重违反社区戒毒、社区康复协议的;(四)经社区戒毒、强制隔离戒毒、社区康复后再次吸食、注射毒品的;(四)经社区戒毒、强制隔离戒毒、社区康复后再次吸食、注射毒品的;If drug abuser is in one of following status,he or she shall receive compulsory treatment.a.who refuses to receive drug treatment in residential community;b.who resumes taking or injecting drugs while receiving treatment;c.who goes against the community rehabilitation agreement;d.who resumes taking or injecting drugs after having finished treatment.【决定机关和期限决定机关和期限】对吸毒成瘾人员实施强制隔离戒毒,由对吸毒成瘾人员实施强制隔离戒毒,由县级以上公县级以上公安机关决定安机关决定。强制隔离戒毒的期限为。强制隔离戒毒的期限为二年二年,自作出决定之日起计算。,自作出决定之日起计算。【决定程序决定程序】公安机关对吸毒成瘾人员决定予以强制隔离戒毒的,应当公安机关对吸毒成瘾人员决定予以强制隔离戒毒的,应当制作强制隔离戒毒决定书,在执行强制隔离戒毒前送达被决定人,并在制作强制隔离戒毒决定书,在执行强制隔离戒毒前送达被决定人,并在送达后二十四小时以内通知被决定人的家属、所在单位和户籍所在地公送达后二十四小时以内通知被决定人的家属、所在单位和户籍所在地公安派出所;被决定人不讲真实姓名、住址,身份不明的,公安机关应当安派出所;被决定人不讲真实姓名、住址,身份不明的,公安机关应当自查清其身份后通知。自查清其身份后通知。The police departments above county level can decide whether the drug abuser receives compulsory treatment or not.The treatment duration is 2 years.After deciding,the police shall make a decision notification and send it to the drug abuser family members,employer and local police station of registered permanent residence with 24 hours before implementation of the decision of compulsory treatment.For those who refuse to tell their authentic names,address,or identity,the police shall first identify,then make notification.【司法救济司法救济】被决定人对公安机关作出的强制隔离戒毒决被决定人对公安机关作出的强制隔离戒毒决定不服的,可以依法申请行政复议或者提起行政诉讼定不服的,可以依法申请行政复议或者提起行政诉讼。【执行场所执行场所】强制隔离戒毒在强制隔离戒毒场所执行。强制隔离戒毒在强制隔离戒毒场所执行。If the abuser is not satisfied with the decision of receiving compulsory treatment,he or she may apply for administrative reconsideration or administrative litigation.The compulsory treatment takes place in compulsory treatment centers.【场所设置场所设置】强制隔离戒毒场所的设置、管理体制和经费保障,由国强制隔离戒毒场所的设置、管理体制和经费保障,由国务院规定。各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府根据戒毒工作的实际需要务院规定。各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府根据戒毒工作的实际需要统一规划建设。县级以上地方各级人民政府财政部门应当将强制隔离统一规划建设。县级以上地方各级人民政府财政部门应当将强制隔离戒毒场所的基本建设投资和所需经费,列入本级基本建设计划和财政戒毒场所的基本建设投资和所需经费,列入本级基本建设计划和财政预算。强制隔离戒毒人员的生活费、治疗费应当编报预算,由各级财预算。强制隔离戒毒人员的生活费、治疗费应当编报预算,由各级财政专项拨付。政专项拨付。The State Council is responsible for planning,setting up management system and deciding how to provide funds to the compulsory treatment center,and the governments at provincial level establish the center,governments above county level shall list the expense for infrastructure of the centers into their budget.The fee for treatment and living expenses of the patient shall be shared by the special financial allocation from the governments at all levels.【主管机关主管机关】强制隔离戒毒场所的主管部门由各省、自治区、直辖强制隔离戒毒场所的主管部门由各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府根据有利于戒毒人员戒除毒瘾、身心康复,从返社会和禁市人民政府根据有利于戒毒人员戒除毒瘾、身心康复,从返社会和禁毒执法等原则确定。毒执法等原则确定。(禁毒法未规定)(禁毒法未规定)The governments at provincial level can designate who will be in charge of the compulsory treatment centers.【提前解除或者延长戒毒期限的规定提前解除或者延长戒毒期限的规定】强制隔离戒毒所应强制隔离戒毒所应对戒毒人员执行强制隔离戒毒措施一年后,戒毒人员提出对戒毒人员执行强制隔离戒毒措施一年后,戒毒人员提出提前解除申请的,以及期满前对其戒毒情况进行诊断评估。提前解除申请的,以及期满前对其戒毒情况进行诊断评估。强制隔离戒毒所可根据诊断评估结果,提出提前解除强制强制隔离戒毒所可根据诊断评估结果,提出提前解除强制隔离戒毒措施或延长强制隔离戒毒期限的意见,报强制隔隔离戒毒措施或延长强制隔离戒毒期限的意见,报强制隔离戒毒的决定机关批准。离戒毒的决定机关批准。After one year in treatment canter,the patient can apply for lifting the sanction of staying in compulsory treatment center ahead of schedule,and the center evaluates the situation of the patient,then report the outcome to the authority in charge for apprval.对于从戒毒所脱管或经强制隔离戒毒后再次吸食、对于从戒毒所脱管或经强制隔离戒毒后再次吸食、注射毒品的人员,可以延长其强制隔离戒毒期限。注射毒品的人员,可以延长其强制隔离戒毒期限。延长强制隔离戒毒期限不超过一年延长强制隔离戒毒期限不超过一年For those who relapse into drug use or injection after finishing the treatment in the compulsory center,the duration of compulsory treatment can be lengthened.But the lengthened duration can not exceed one year.(四)社区康复Rehabilitation in community对于被解除强制隔离戒毒的人员,强制隔离戒毒的决定机对于被解除强制隔离戒毒的人员,强制隔离戒毒的决定机关可以责令其接受不超过三年的社区康复。关可以责令其接受不超过三年的社区康复。社区康复参照禁毒法关于社区戒毒的规定实施。社区康复参照禁毒法关于社区戒毒的规定实施。县级以上地方各级人民政府根据戒毒工作的需要,可以开县级以上地方各级人民政府根据戒毒工作的需要,可以开办戒毒康复场所办戒毒康复场所 For those who finish the compulsory treatment,the authority in charge can ask him or her to receive at least three-year rehabilitation in community.Rehabilitation in community shall be carried out with reference to the drug regulations on drug treatment in residential community.Governments above county level can set up rehabilitation center in view of the concrete conditions.【戒毒康复场所的生产经营活动的规定】戒毒康复场所可以引进符合国家产业政策的康复生产项目,也可以与企业采取合作的方式进行康复生产。戒毒康复场所组织戒毒康复人员参加生产劳动的,应当参照国家劳动用工制度的规定支付劳动报酬。具体由各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府依照本规定结合当地实际确定。The rehabilitation center may introduce some projects,or carry out production in cooperation with enterprises under the permission of the relevant national policiesThose who participate in production in rehabilitation centers shall get paid according the national standards.【社会力量开办戒毒康复场所的规定社会力量开办戒毒康复场所的规定】对社会对社会力量依法开办的公益性戒毒康复场所应当给予扶持,提供必要的便利和帮助。企业和社会组织设立非营利性戒毒康复机构的,应当经县级以上人民政府禁毒主管部门审查同意,向民政部门申请办理民办非企业单位登记,并报省级禁毒主管部门备案。Governments shall facilitate and support non-government organizations which intend to set up rehabilitation centers for non-profit purpose.Such organizations shall be reviewed and approved by the authority in charge of drug control at county level,and register to civil affairs department,then put it on record in the provincial authority in charge of drug control.应当具备以下条件:应当具备以下条件:(一)具有完全民事行为、责任能力;(一)具有完全民事行为、责任能力;(二)能为康复人员提供必要的康复环境和条件;(二)能为康复人员提供必要的康复环境和条件;(三)能为康复人员提供必要的戒毒治疗、心理康复和劳(三)能为康复人员提供必要的戒毒治疗、心理康复和劳动就业条件;动就业条件;(四)能为康复人员提供安全保障和职业技能培训。(四)能为康复人员提供安全保障和职业技能培训。Such non-government organization shall possess the following qualifications:a.civil liability;b.able to offer conditions for rehabilitationc.able to offer drug treatment,psychological rehabilitation and jobs.d.able to offer security and vocational training.一、吸毒成瘾理论一、吸毒成瘾理论Drug Addiction Theory二、戒毒治疗与康复技术二、戒毒治疗与康复技术Drug Abuse Treatment and Rehabilitation三、中国禁吸戒毒工作和成效三、中国禁吸戒毒工作和成效Prohibiting drug abuse and drug treatment in china,and achievements四、云南禁吸戒毒工作和成效四、云南禁吸戒毒工作和成效Prohibition of drug abuse and detoxification in Yunnan and their effects 一、吸毒成瘾理论一、吸毒成瘾理论Drug Addiction Theory(一)(一)吸毒吸毒与与吸毒成瘾吸毒成瘾Drug abuse and Drug Addiction吸毒成瘾的特征吸毒成瘾的特征Features of drug addiction1、耐受性耐受性(Tolerance)2、生理依赖性生理依赖性(Physical dependence)3、心理依赖性心理依赖性(Psychological dependence)(二)吸毒人员(二)吸毒人员(Addicts)发现发现(Find)认定认定(confirm)登记登记(Register)处置处置(deal with)吸毒人员吸毒人员发现发现find情绪不稳无故旷课、旷工、表现变坏面色灰暗、眼睛无神、身体消瘦频繁要钱、有偷窃行为长时间躲避他人外出行为神秘鬼祟藏有毒品及吸毒工具与吸毒者交往认定认定confirm证据不足,尿样复检,证据不足,尿样复检,药品催瘾医学实验药品催瘾医学实验 i