四级阅读精读技巧.ppt

四级阅读精读技巧 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望文章体裁文章体裁n n1、以说明和议论为主 n n2、关注重点n n说明文：定义、概念、重要数据、细节n n议论文：作者观点，支持什么，反对什么文章类型文章类型n nA、现象解释型、现象解释型n nB、问题解决方案型、问题解决方案型n nC、结论解释型、结论解释型 句子结构句子结构n n1）多重复合句（it）n n2）多重并列句（and、not only.but also）n n3）经典被动句 (it is believed that)n n4）倒装句(hardly,rarely,seldom,never)n n5）双重否定=肯定n n6）比较结构 morethan 题目类型题目类型n n细节题n n推理题n n词汇题n n态度题n n主旨题题型比例分布题型比例分布细节题细节题n n特点：n n题干、选项信息较多较具体n n题目中有明显关键词n n大写字母大写字母n n数字数字n n时间时间细节题常考点细节题常考点n n1、列举、举例和比喻处n n（as，for example，for instance，first，second，third）n n2、引用人物论断处n n3、特殊标点符号处n n（破折号，括号，冒号，引号）做题步骤做题步骤n n1 1、定位。、定位。、定位。、定位。n n专有名词，包括人名和带专有名词，包括人名和带“”“”的词的词n n数字、时间数字、时间n n形容词和副词形容词和副词n n比较或因果语言现象比较或因果语言现象n n2 2、查找线索、查找线索、查找线索、查找线索n n仔细阅读包含关键词的句子，在仔细阅读包含关键词的句子，在本句、上下句本句、上下句本句、上下句本句、上下句寻找线索。寻找线索。n n3 3、比较、比较、比较、比较n n将包含线索的句子与选项进行比较，对线索句进行将包含线索的句子与选项进行比较，对线索句进行同义替同义替同义替同义替换换换换的为正确答案。的为正确答案。n n关键词替换关键词替换n n正话反说正话反说n n语言简化语言简化细节题原则细节题原则n n1、按照顺序寻找答案、按照顺序寻找答案由于细节题的排列顺序，一般对应原文的叙述顺序，所以一般按顺序寻找答案。n n2、细节题常规现象、细节题常规现象n n原文连续提3-4项叫列举，常与except题型相对应n n问某一段没有提到什么，其他段落的内容通常成为正确答案。n nIt was to It was to MauryMaury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned,in 1853,for information on this matter.In Company turned,in 1853,for information on this matter.In thethe 1840s1840s,Maury had been responsible for encouraging,Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(voyages during which soundings(测深测深)were taken to)were taken to investigateinvestigate the the depthsdepths of the North Atlantic and Pacific of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.Later,some of his findings aroused much popular Oceans.Later,some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book interest in his book The Physical Geography of the SeaThe Physical Geography of the Sea.n n23.The aim of voyages 23.The aim of voyages MauryMaury encouraged in the encouraged in the 1840s1840s was was _._.n nA)to make some sound experiments in the oceansA)to make some sound experiments in the oceansn nB)to collect samples of sea plants and animalsB)to collect samples of sea plants and animalsn nC)to estimate the length of cable that was to be madeC)to estimate the length of cable that was to be maden nD)D)to measure the to measure the depths depths of two oceansof two oceansn nAl GoreAl Gore calls global warming an calls global warming an inconvenient inconvenient truthtruth,as if merely recognizing it could put us on a,as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution.But the path to a solution.But the real truthreal truth is that is that we dont we dont know enoughknow enough to relieve global warming,and-without to relieve global warming,and-without major technological breakthroughs-we cant do much major technological breakthroughs-we cant do much about it.about it.n n58.According to the authors understanding,what is 58.According to the authors understanding,what is AL AL GoresGores view on global warming?view on global warming?n nA)It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.A)It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.n nB)It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.B)It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.n nC)It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.C)It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.n nD D)It is area we actually have)It is area we actually have little knowledgelittle knowledge about.about.推理题推理题特点：特点：1 1、题目中、题目中、题目中、题目中“imply”“include”“infer”“imply”“include”“infer”，信息少，信息少，信息少，信息少 需要以关键词定位，从上下句找答案需要以关键词定位，从上下句找答案2 2、题目与自然段相对应、题目与自然段相对应、题目与自然段相对应、题目与自然段相对应,答案就在当段。答案就在当段。答案就在当段。答案就在当段。3 3、题目中出现、题目中出现、题目中出现、题目中出现“conclude”“conclude”为第一题时，通常对应文章主题；为第一题时，通常对应文章主题；为为2 2、3 3、4 4题时，基本上针对文章中间段落；题时，基本上针对文章中间段落；为最后一道题时，优先对应文章最后部分，有时也为最后一道题时，优先对应文章最后部分，有时也针对文章主题。针对文章主题。推理题常考点推理题常考点n n1、篇首、篇尾、段首、段尾处、篇首、篇尾、段首、段尾处n n2、因果关系处、因果关系处n n3、语义转折处、语义转折处n nFor most people the sea was remote,and with the exception For most people the sea was remote,and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea,there was little reason to ask many living from the sea,there was little reason to ask many questions about it,let alone to ask what lay beneath the questions about it,let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface.The first time that the question What is at the bottom surface.The first time that the question What is at the bottom of the oceans?had to be answered with any of the oceans?had to be answered with any commercial commercial consequenceconsequence waswas when the laying of a when the laying of a telegraph cabletelegraph cable from from Europe to America was proposed.The engineers had to know Europe to America was proposed.The engineers had to know the depth profile(the depth profile(起伏形状起伏形状)of the route to estimate the)of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.length of cable that had to be manufactured.n n21.The passage implies that the 21.The passage implies that the telegraph cabletelegraph cable was built was built mainly _.mainly _.n nA)for oceanographic studiesA)for oceanographic studiesn nB)for military purposesB)for military purposesn nC)C)for business considerationsfor business considerationsn nD)for investigating the depths of the oceansD)for investigating the depths of the oceansn nAs our tests became more complex.Sums up Spilich,As our tests became more complex.Sums up Spilich,non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins,He predicts,smokers might perform and wider margins,He predicts,smokers might perform adequately at many jobs-until they got complicated.A adequately at many jobs-until they got complicated.A smoking smoking airline pilotairline pilot could fly adequately could fly adequately if no problems if no problems arosearose,but,but if something went wrongif something went wrong,smoking might,smoking might damage his damage his mental capacitymental capacity.“.“n n25.We can infer from the last paragraph that _.25.We can infer from the last paragraph that _.n nA)smokers should not expect to become A)smokers should not expect to become airline pilotsairline pilotsn nB)smoking in B)smoking in emergency cases emergency cases causes causes mental illnessmental illnessn nC)no C)no airline pilotsairline pilots smoke during flights smoke during flightsn nD)D)smokers may prove unequal to handling smokers may prove unequal to handling emergency emergency casescases词汇题词汇题一、一个简单单词或词组一、一个简单单词或词组二、一个教难单词或词组二、一个教难单词或词组三、一个句子三、一个句子简单单词、词组的考法简单单词、词组的考法n n多义词的特殊意义多义词的特殊意义n n一词偏意一词偏意n n文中的特殊意思文中的特殊意思n nIf spelling becomes the only If spelling becomes the only focalfocal point of his teachers point of his teachers interest,clearly a bright child will be likely to interest,clearly a bright child will be likely to play play safe.safe.He will tend to write only words within his He will tend to write only words within his spelling range,choosing to avoid spelling range,choosing to avoid adventurousadventurous language.language.Thats why teachers often encourage the early use of Thats why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to dictionaries and pay attention to contentcontent rather than rather than technical abilitytechnical ability.n n 注：注：1.focal 1.focal 关注的，名词为关注的，名词为 focus focus 焦点焦点n n 2.adventurous 2.adventurous 冒险的冒险的n n 3.content 3.content 内容，内容，contend contend 包含包含n n 4.technical ability 4.technical ability 指的是指的是 spelling spellingn n22.The expression 22.The expression play safeplay safe probably means _ probably means _n nA)to write carefullyA)to write carefullyn nB)to do as teachers sayB)to do as teachers sayn nC)to use dictionaries frequentlyC)to use dictionaries frequentlyn nD)D)to avoid using words one is not sure of to avoid using words one is not sure of较难单词、词组的考法较难单词、词组的考法n n方法一：方法一：n n逻辑分析法逻辑分析法n n1、转折逻辑（、转折逻辑（on the contrary，but.）n n2、并列逻辑、并列逻辑(and)转折逻辑转折逻辑n nWe find that bright children are rarelyWe find that bright children are rarely held backheld back by mixed-by mixed-ability teaching.ability teaching.On the contraryOn the contrary,both their knowledge,both their knowledge and experience are and experience are enrichedenriched.We feel that there are many.We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming(disadvantages in streaming(把把按能力分班按能力分班)pupils.It)pupils.It does not take into account the fact that children develop at does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates.It can have a bad effect on both the bright different rates.It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child.After all,it can be quite and the not-so-bright child.After all,it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!n n37.By 37.By held backheld back (Line 1)the author means _(Line 1)the author means _n nA)made to remain in the same classesA)made to remain in the same classesn nB)forced to study in the lower classesB)forced to study in the lower classesn nC)drawn to their studiesC)drawn to their studiesn nD)D)prevented from advancing.prevented from advancing.并列逻辑并列逻辑n nAfter a yearAfter a year or so,however,I still hadnt gotten a break and or so,however,I still hadnt gotten a break and began to doubt myself.It was so hard to sell a story that began to doubt myself.It was so hard to sell a story that barely made enough to eat.But I knew I wanted to write.I barely made enough to eat.But I knew I wanted to write.I had dreamed about it for years.I wasnt going to be one of had dreamed about it for years.I wasnt going to be one of those people who die wondering;what if?I would keep those people who die wondering;what if?I would keep putting my dream to the test-even though it meant putting my dream to the test-even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure.This is the living with uncertainty and fear of failure.This is the Shadow landShadow land of hope,of hope,andand anyone with a dream must anyone with a dream must learn to live there.learn to live there.n n60.60.Shadow landShadow land in the last sentence refers to _ in the last sentence refers to _n nA)the wonderland one often dreams aboutA)the wonderland one often dreams aboutn nB)the bright future that one is looking forward toB)the bright future that one is looking forward ton nC)C)the state of uncertainty before ones final goal is reached the state of uncertainty before ones final goal is reachedn nD)a world that exists only in ones imaginationD)a world that exists only in ones imaginationn n方法二：代入法方法二：代入法n nThe The fourth fourth test test required required people people to to read read a a passage,passage,then then answer answer questions questions about about it.it.Nonsmokers Nonsmokers remembered remembered 19 19 percent percent more more of of the the most most important important information information than than active active smokers,smokers,and and deprived deprived smokers smokers bestedbested those those who who had had smoked smoked a a cigarette cigarette just just before before testing.testing.Active Active smokers smokers tended tended not not only only to to have have poorer poorer memories memories but but also also had had trouble trouble separating important information from insignificant details.separating important information from insignificant details.n n23.23.The The word word bestedbested (Line(Line 3,3,Para.Para.5)5)most most probably probably means _.means _.n nA)A)beat B)enviedbeat B)enviedn nC)caught up with D)made the best ofC)caught up with D)made the best of句子意思的考法句子意思的考法n n简单句n n上下文找答案n n难句n n本句找答案n nWhen comparing men and women in the matter of fashion,When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion,the conclusions to be drawn are obviousthe conclusions to be drawn are obvious.Do the.Do the constantly changing fashions of women s clothes,one constantly changing fashions of women s clothes,one wonders,reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability?wonders,reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability?Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers.fashion designers.Do their unchanging styles of dress Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability?That is for you reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability?That is for you to decide.to decide.n n40.By saying 40.By saying the conclusions to be drawn are obviousthe conclusions to be drawn are obvious (Para.4,Line 1-2),the writer means that _.(Para.4,Line 1-2),the writer means that _.n nA)womens inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often A)womens inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed atlaughed atn nB)women are better able to put up with discomfortB)women are better able to put up with discomfortn nC)men are also exploited greatly by fashion designersC)men are also exploited greatly by fashion designersn nD)D)men are more reasonable in the matter of fashion men are more reasonable in the matter of fashion态度题（态度题（attitude）n n 做题方法：n n1.找作者直接评价语句 n n2.找表达感情色彩的形容词形容词、动词动词、副词副词attituden nconvincingconvincing 有说服力的有说服力的有说服力的有说服力的n ninstructiveinstructive 有启发性的有启发性的有启发性的有启发性的n npositivepositive 肯定的肯定的肯定的肯定的 neutral neutral 中立的中立的中立的中立的 negativenegative 否定的否定的否定的否定的n nobjectiveobjective 客观的客观的客观的客观的 subjectivesubjective 主观的主观的主观的主观的n napproving approving 同意的同意的同意的同意的 criticalcritical 批评的批评的批评的批评的n nauthoritativeauthoritative 权威的权威的权威的权威的 questioningquestioning 质疑的质疑的质疑的质疑的 n ninfluential influential 有影响的有影响的有影响的有影响的n nBesides,it is rather unreal to grade people just according to Besides,it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual(their intellectual(智力智力)ability.This is only one aspect of)ability.This is only one aspect of their total personality.We are their total personality.We are concernedconcerned to develop the to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full,not just their academic abilities of all our pupils to the full,not just their academic ability.We also ability.We also valuevalue personal qualities and social skills,and personal qualities and social skills,and we find that we find that mixed-ability mixed-ability teaching teaching contributes tocontributes to all all these aspects of learning.these aspects of learning.n n注：注：value v.value v.重视重视 contribute to contribute to 有贡献，有助于有贡献，有助于n n36.In the passage the authors 36.In the passage the authors attitudeattitude towards towards mixed-mixed-abilityability teaching is _teaching is _n nA)critical B)questioningA)critical B)questioningn nC)C)approving D)objectiveapproving D)objective主旨题主旨题n n题目特征：题目特征：题目特征：题目特征：n n“main idea”“title”“purpose”“what is the passage“main idea”“title”“purpose”“what is the passage about”about”