初中语法名词所有格训练与讲解.doc

优质文本名词所有格及练习讲解是名词的语法范畴之一。它是名词和代词的一种变化形式，在句中表示与其它词的关系。名词有三个格：主格、宾格和所有格。在英语中有些名词可以加“s来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teachers book。它有两种不同的形式：一、在名词尾加s。主要表示有生命的事物或自然界独一无二的某些空间和时间名词的所有格，如the worlds，the suns，the earths，todays，yesterdays等。1. 单数名词词尾加“s，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加“s。例the boys bag 男孩的书包mens room 男厕所2. 假设名词已有复数词尾又是s ，只加“ 。例 the workers struggle工人的斗争3. 凡不能加“s的名词，都可以用“名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系。例 the title of the song 歌的名字4. 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词。例 the barbers 理发店5. 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，那么表示“分别有；只有一个s，那么表示“共有。例 Johns and Marys room(两间)John and Marys room(一间)6. 在复合名词或短语中，s 加在最后一个词的词尾。例 a month or twos absence7 作为一个整体的词组，一般在最后一个词的词尾加s。例 an hour and a halfs walk 步行一个半小时的路程Carol and Charles boat 卡咯和查尔斯两人共有的船8. 不定代词后接 else , 所有格放在 else 上。例 somebody elses bag9. 以下情况可以将 s 所有格中的名词省略。1)名词所有格所修饰的词, 如果前面已经提到，往往可以省略，以免重复。例 This notebook is not mine, nor Johns, nor Peters. 这个笔记本不是我的，也不是约翰和比特的。The dictionary isnt mine, but Jennys. 这本词典不是我的，而是珍妮的。2)名词所有格后面有指地点等的名词时, 有的在习惯上可以省略。例 Before Christmas, there were lots of customers at the Richardsons.the doctorsoffice医生的诊所my uncleshouse我叔叔的家10 起修饰作用的名词，如不表示所有关系，通常不用s。例 room number tooth brush二、另外一种所有格是由介词of加名词构成的名词短语1.名词的所有格形式除s外，还可用of+名词构成短语修饰前面的名词或表示两个名词间的所有关系。2. 使用名词所有格须注意: 一般地说， s 所有格多用于有生命的东西，of 所有格多用于无生命的东西，但也有许多例外。1)表示天体的名词的所有格用s。例 the suns heat the moons surface2)表示地区机构的名词的所有格用s。例 the citys developmentthe governments plan3)表示度量与货币价值的所有格用s。例 ten kilometres distance200 dollars worth of goods4)表示“有关非所有关系的用 of 介词短语。例 students of the school the statue of liberty5)表示同位关系的用 of 介词短语。例 the city of Pisa6)表示局部或全部的用 of 介词短语。例 the bottom of the sea the majority of people7)表示抽象概念的用 of 介词短语。例 the cost of living the news of success8)名词本身带有后置修饰语或含有“the + 形容词表示一类人，其所有格用 of 介词短语。例 the housing problem of the poorthe skills of the workers who have been well trained9)有些表示时间、距离等无生命和表示世界、国家、城镇等的名词，也可以在词尾加s或“ ，变成相应的所有格。例 five minutes walk 五分钟的路程todays newspaper 今天的报纸3 双重所有格双重所有格即 “ of + 名词s 所有格，表示整体中的一个或局部。用于修饰of前面的名词，但此时of前面的名词一定要有一个a(an)，two，any，some，several，no，few，another或this，that，these，those之类的修饰语(这个修饰语一般不能是one和the)。双重所有格也可由“of+名词性物主代词构成, 如：a friend of mine 我的一位朋友。例 Do you know any friends of my husbands?Two classmates of my sisters will come to join us注：在双重所有格中，用作介词补足成分的所有格的名词必须是确定特指的，而且一般指人。例 an old friend of my fathers=one of my fathers old friends我父亲的一个老朋友this lovely baby of my aunts 我姨妈的可爱的孩子【稳固训练】( )1. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the _.A. rooms number B. room number C. rooms number D. room numbers 解析 此题应选D。起修饰作用的名词，如不表示所有关系，通常不用s。此题房间和号码不是所有关系。( )2. The newly-built library is a _ building.A. five-storey B. five storeys C. five-storeys D. five storeys解析 此题应选A。( )3. - Whose umbrella is it? - Its _.A. somebody elses B. Somebody else C. Somebodys elses D. Somebodys else解析 此题应选A。不定代词后接 else , 所有格放在 else 上。( )4. I feel terribly hot. Whats the _?A. temperature of room B. rooms temperatures C. room temperature D. temperature of rooms 解析 此题应选C。( )5. _ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.A. The White B. The Whites C. The Whites D. The White s解析 此题应选 C。( )6.The girl talking to Mary is a friend of _.A. Marys sister B. Mary sisters C. Marys sisters D. Sister of Marys解析 此题应选C。 那个女孩是玛莉的姐姐的朋友。( )7. The woman over there is _ mother.A. Julia and Shelleys B. Julias and ShelleysC. Julia and Shelley D. Julias and Shelley解析 此题应选A。那个妇女是单数，是一个人。应该是朱莉娅和谢莉两人共同的母亲。( )8. He is very tired. He needs _.A. a night rest B. a rest night C. a nights rest D. a rest of night解析 此题应选C。( )9 -Excuse me，where are _ offices? -Over thereA. teachers B. teachers C. the teachers D. the teachers解析 此题应选D。 D项的the teachers是复数名词的所有格形式，修饰复数中心名词offices。C项the teachers是单数名词所有格形式，从语法上讲不符合上下文，并且从内容上讲单个老师拥有假设干offices也讲不通，故舍之。A、B项前面少了定冠词the，成了泛指的offices，无法到达交际的目的，因此也不选。( )10. It is widely believed that the pull of gravity on a falling raindrop changes round shape into a teardrop shape. A. of the drop B. the drops C. drop of D. drops the 解析此题应选B。“It是形式主语。“that引导的是主语从句。主语从句的谓语是“changesinto“把变成。其中“into的前后应是对应的平行结构。很明显A和D都不行，不能把“changes误作名词。C改变了“into的平行关系。只有B既能与前边的动词“changes衔接，又能保持“into的平行关系。( )11 Today is September 10th. Its_. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A. Teachers day B. Teachers Day C. the Teachers day D. Teachers Day解析 此题应选B。 注意不加冠词。2003年北京西城区、天津市和2002年长沙市试题都考查了这个知识点。( )12 Well have a _ holiday. What about going to the West Lake?A. two days B. two-day C. two-days D. two days解析 此题应选B。 注意不同的表达方式：a two days holiday或a two-day holiday。( )13 This is my dress. That one is _.A. Mary B. Marys C. shes D. his 解析 此题应选B。 one指代前面所提的dress。那件裙子是玛莉的，表示裙子属于玛莉。( )14. The is just around the corner and you wont miss it.A. bicycles shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D. bicycles shop解析 此题应选B。名词作定语可分两种情况，一是名词所有格；二是表示中心词的性质、材料、类别或性别等时，一般直接用名词的单数形式，只有clothes, parents, goods, sports, sales 等少数几个名词必须用复数形式。此处指商店的性质，用单数形式，意思为：自行车商店就在拐角处，你不会错过它。( )15 The village is far away from her indeed. Its walk.A. a four hour B. a four hours C. a four-hours D. a four hours解析 此题应选D。冠词、数词、量词和名词连用有两种形式：一种是a+数词量词的名词所有格名词，如果数词大于“1，量词要用复数形式，如：a four miles journey; 另一种是：a数词-量词名词，这时量词要用单数形式。如：a four-mile walk. Exercises I.名词所有格练习.1. _(李明的父母)work in a big hospital.2. This is _(我妹妹的语文书)3. _(双胞胎的卧室) are very nice.4. _(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager.5. Is this _(你的好朋友的钢笔) ?6. They are _(Peter 和Sam的老师).7. _(教师节) is on September 10th .8. _(学生们的桌椅) are very new.9. We are very happy on _(儿童节).10. He is in _(老师的办公室) now.11. Please open _(教室的门).12. _(赵敏的鞋) are white.13. _(林红和张蔚的学校) is big and new.14. _(John和Sally的母亲) are American.15. _(刘伟的妻子的朋友) is from Guangzhou.16. _(Tony哥哥的电脑) is broken.17. Its _(妇女节) on March 8th.18. Are these _(男生们的书包) ?19. That is _(Tom和李雷的教室).20. _(我父亲的和她父亲的朋友) are from Beijing. II. 名词复数形式和数词的练习.1. There are _(58个学生)in our class.2. There are _(65个班级)in our school.3. I have _(13本书) in my schoolbag.4. Are there _(73套桌椅) in this classroom.5. Therere _(27个男生)and _(31个女生) in my class.6. There are _(15台电脑) in that room.7. My grandma is _(82岁).8. There are _(44位女老师) in her school.9. There are _(94位男医生) in that big hospital,10. I can see _(几只鸟) in the tree.11. _(多少幅画) are there in you bedroom ?12. I have _(3本字典).13. Can you see _(一些风筝) in the sky ?14. Our school has _(2个图书馆) .15. There are _(12个月) in a year.16. Pauls father is _(57岁).17. There are _(13辆公共汽车) on the street.18. We can see _(18个妇女) over there.19. There are _(22个孩子) in the room.20. I can see _(六杯茶) on the table. III. 用some和any填空.1. I have _good friends in my class.2. Is there _water in the bottle ?3. Do you have _money ?4. They dont have _time to go there.5. There are _cakes on the table.6. I dont have _milk for breakfast.7. Does he have _brothers or sisters ?8. There arent _pictures on the wall.9. Can I ask _questions ?10. Are there _flowers in you classroom ? No, there arent _.11. We have _apples, but we dont have _pears.12. Is there _orange juice in the fridge ? Yes, there is _.13. I can speak _English, but I cant speak _Russian.14. Do they have _color pencil ? No, they dont have _.15. There isnt _meat at home. I must go and buy _.16. Is there _tea in the cup ? No, there isnt _.17. I often have _noodles for lunch. My father has _rice for it.18. Can you give me _pieces of bread ?19. There are _desks here , but there arent _tables here.20. Would you like _hamburgers to eat ? IV. 句型转换.A.把以下句子变为否认句.1. My sister can play the piano.2. Her parents are Chinese teachers.3. There is some coffee in the cup.4. There are some trees behind my house.5. I have some red coats.6. The boy can sing English songs.7. These are my books.8. Her father is a factory worker.B. 把以下句子变为一般疑问句，并写出肯定和否认答复.1. Tony can speak some Chinese. 2. My aunt is a secretary. 3. There is some bread in the paper bag. 4. Theses are my shoes. 5. His mother is a university teacher. 6. There are some children in the park. 7. Her parents are doctors in that hospital. 8. Mrs. Brown can cook Chinese food.9. Those are her toys. 10. There is some coke in the bottle.C. 对划线局部提问.1. Its rainy and windy today.2. There are thirty-seven desks in my classroom.3. The girl can ride a horse.4. I like walking.5. There are twenty-four hours in a day.6. Her uncle is a policeman.7. The sweaters in the boxes are blue.8. My grandma is about seventy years old.9. I can see eleven boats on the lake.10. Im a middle school student.D. 用所给的词将以下句子变位选择疑问句.1.He can speak English .( Japanese).2.My friend is a girl. ( boy )3.She is in Class Four. ( Class Five)4.Peter is from England. ( Australia)5.I am a teacher . ( manager)6. My bike is black. ( white)