圣迭戈机场RWSL机组培训2011教案.ppt
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryRWSL OpEval PilotTraining,page 1Aug 2006 MPK圣迭戈机场RWSL机组培训2011 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望MIT Lincoln LaboratoryRWSL OpEval PilotTraining,page 2Aug 2006 MPKOutline提纲Runway Incursion Problem 跑道侵入问题Runway Status Lights(RWSL)Solution 跑道状态灯光解决方案RWSL Operational Concept RWSL运行原理RWSL Operational Requirements RWSL运行条件RWSL Operational Evaluation at SAN 圣迭戈机场RWSL运行评估Summary 总结MIT Lincoln LaboratoryRWSL OpEval PilotTraining,page 3Aug 2006 MPKDefinition of Runway Incursion跑道侵入定义 “Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft,vehicle or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and take-off of aircraft.”“在机场发生的任何航空器、车辆或人员误入指定用于航空器着陆和起在机场发生的任何航空器、车辆或人员误入指定用于航空器着陆和起飞的地面保护区的情况。飞的地面保护区的情况。”Source:FAA Runway Safety Office 来源：来源：FAAFAA跑道安全办公室跑道安全办公室Pilot deviations are the largest cause of runway incursions机组违章机组违章是跑道侵入的最主要原因是跑道侵入的最主要原因MIT Lincoln LaboratoryRWSL OpEval PilotTraining,page 4Aug 2006 MPKOverview of RWSL Runway Status Lights Purpose跑道状态灯光的作用Reduce frequency and severity of runway incursions 减少跑道入侵事件的频率和严重程度Prevent runway accidents 防止跑道事故发生How do lights do this?By increasing pilots and vehicle operators situational awareness怎样让灯光实现上述目的呢？通过增加飞行员和车辆驾驶员的情景意识。Direct indication via runway entrance lights(RELs)that a runway is unsafe to enter or cross通过跑道入口灯（RELS）直接显示进入或穿越跑道是不安全的MIT Lincoln LaboratoryRWSL OpEval PilotTraining,page 5Aug 2006 MPKRWSL Operational ConceptRWSL运行原理MIT Lincoln LaboratoryRWSL OpEval PilotTraining,page 6Aug 2006 MPKREL Operational RequirementsREL运行条件RELs must not interfere with normal safe operations不能干扰正常的安全运行RELs must operate automatically for each landing and departure必须为每次起降提供自动运行RELs must accurately depict runway is unsafe to enter/cross必须准确显示进入/穿越跑道不安全Red if runway not safe红色 跑道不安全时开启Otherwise off(no illumination)否则关闭（无照明）Runway Guard Lights(yellow)跑道警戒灯Runway Entrance Lights(red)跑道（禁止）进入灯光（红色）MIT Lincoln LaboratoryRWSL OpEval PilotTraining,page 7Aug 2006 MPKRWSL System ArchitectureAirport Surface SurveillancePrimary Radar 主雷达主雷达Transponder MultilaterationASR-9Terminal Area Surveillance终端区端区监控控Fusion融合State Machine状态机Light Activation Logic光激活逻辑ATC DisplaysField Lighting System现场灯光系统Prediction Engine预测引擎LAXDFW机场地面监测多点转发器MIT Lincoln LaboratoryRWSL OpEval PilotTraining,page 8Aug 2006 MPKOperational Evaluation at SANSAN机场运行评估 RELs installed on RWY 09/27North side:TXYs C1,C2,C6South side:TXYs B1,B6,B10MIT Lincoln LaboratoryRWSL OpEval PilotTraining,page 9Aug 2006 MPKConfiguration of Runway Entrance Lights(RELs)RELs are red when it is unsafe to enter the runway当跑道不能安全进入时RELs红灯开启Red RELs always aligned with taxiway centerlines and directed toward taxiway hold line红色RELs始终沿滑行道中线布置，灯光朝向跑道等待位置Including one REL placed on runway centerlineSAN taxiway centerlines are both straight and curvedRunway Entrance Lights ConceptRunway Entrance Lights ConceptRELSNew RELsLAXExisting RGLsMIT Lincoln LaboratoryRWSL OpEval PilotTraining,page 10Aug 2006 MPKREL LogicRELs turn ON when high-speed traffic exists or is predicted to be on the runwayDepartures turn on all RELs downfield during takeoff roll at or above a site adaptable speed parameterArrivals turn on all RELs on the projected runway at a site adjustable distance parameter from the threshold(usually 3/4 nmi)All RELs turn OFF when:Departures are declared airborne by RWSL logic(usually 100)Arrivals have landed and slowed to taxi speed(usually below 35 kts)RELs at specific intersections:Individual RELs turn off just prior to the intersection being cleared to reduce interference with ATC use of anticipated separation Individual RELs may be on at intersections just ahead of aircraft in landing roll-outMIT Lincoln LaboratoryRWSL OpEval PilotTraining,page 11Aug 2006 MPKProtocol for Pilots Viewing Red RELs When RELs illuminate red,the runway is unsafe to enter or cross and the pilots should stop immediately当RELS照亮红色，跑道进入或交叉和飞行员不安全的应立即停止 When the lights are off,pilots/vehicle operators may not enter or cross the runway without ATC clearance当灯光暗下来时，驾驶员/车辆经营者不得进入或没有ATC清除交叉跑道 In some instances(anticipated separation),RELs may be illuminated while the clearance is being given,but should be turned off by the time the controller has finished issuing the clearance在某些情况下（预期的分离），关系可能被照亮而清除正在考虑，但应关闭时间由控制器发行完成RELs indicate runway status only;they do not indicate clearance!关系表明，跑道状况只；他们并不表明间隙！MIT Lincoln LaboratoryRWSL OpEval PilotTraining,page 12Aug 2006 MPKProposed PhraseologyFlight crew members and air traffic controllers should follow these procedures with installed RELs:When cleared to either“cross the runway”,“position and hold”,or“immediate takeoff”,and RELs are illuminated;stop the aircraft and indicate to Air Traffic“Transair 123 stopped with red lights”and then wait for further clearance.当清除“穿越跑道”，“位置并持有”，或“立即起飞”，和相关的说明；停止飞机和表明空中交通“超稳123停止红色灯光”，然后等待进一步的间隙。When RELs illuminate normally due to crossing,landing or departing traffic without any proximate hazard,the flight crew should remain clear of the runway or stopped short of the runway and wait for further clearance.当正常照明因之间的交叉，降落或起飞交通没有任何接近危险，机组人员应保持清晰的跑道或停止短的跑道，等待进一步的间隙。MIT Lincoln LaboratoryRWSL OpEval PilotTraining,page 13Aug 2006 MPKProposed PhraseologyFlight crew members and air traffic controllers should follow these procedures with installed RELs:When controllers issue clearances that result in aircraft stopping due to red lights at runway/taxiway intersections,Air Traffic should reevaluate the traffic and issue further clearances accordingly.当控制器的问题，由于间隙飞机停在红灯跑道/滑行道交叉口应重新评估结果，空中交通交通问题的进一步的间隙，因此。When no clearance was given or the clearance was to“hold short of the runway”but the aircraft continued across the hold line and flight crews observed illuminated red lights,the flight crew should tell Air Traffic that“Transair 123 is stopped with red lights.”当没有间隙或间隙是给出了“持有短的跑道”但飞机继续在保持系和飞行人员观察亮红灯，机组人员应该告诉空中交通“超稳123是红灯停。”MIT Lincoln LaboratoryRWSL OpEval PilotTraining,page 14Aug 2006 MPKPhase 1:Engineering Development(Completed Dec 05)Recorded surveillance dataLaboratory(controlled)environmentEngineering assessmentPhase 2:Shadow Operations(Completed May 06)Live surveillance dataSimulated RWSL operation on display in towerController evaluationPhase 3:Extended Operational Evaluation(06-09)Live surveillance dataRWSL system operating in real timeUser Group(controllers and pilots)evaluationCurrent:Continued Operational Evaluation with new airport surveillance(ASDE-X)RWSL Development PhasesMIT Lincoln LaboratoryRWSL OpEval PilotTraining,page 15Aug 2006 MPKPilot information sources 信息源Media planned for training pilots 训练飞行员的媒体计划Website available on-line 在线网页 www.RWSL.net FAA Notices to Airmen(NOTAM)FAA通告Jeppesen/LIDO Chart Inserts 航图活页Posters/training cards distributed to pilots by airlines and unions海报/培训卡分发给航空公司飞行员和工会Powerpoint presentations and animations PPT演示和动画ATIS(example)“Runway status lights operational evaluation in progress”跑道状态灯光系统运行评估提升MIT Lincoln LaboratoryRWSL OpEval PilotTraining,page 16Aug 2006 MPKSummary总结总结RWSL Goal 目标reduce frequency and severity of runway incursions减少跑道入侵事件的频率和严重程度RWSL Concept原则improve safety via increased pilots situational awareness通过增加飞行员的情景意识提高安全性RWSL Method方法provide automatic depiction that a runway is unsafe to enter via status lights on airport for pilots通过机场状态灯提供自动显示向飞行员提示跑道是不安全的RWSL Requirements 条件controller acceptance:no impact on normal safe operations不影响正常运行pilot acceptance:operational suitability of lights 灯光运行适用性
