北京四中名师现场答疑——高考英语作文高分技巧.ppt

高分高分NMET书面表达技巧书面表达技巧 主讲主讲:齐平昌齐平昌l高分高分NMET书面表达技巧书面表达技巧l 1.了解了解NMET书面表达的答题要求书面表达的答题要求l 2.解读解读NMET书面表达高频考点书面表达高频考点l 3.NMET书面表达解题策略书面表达解题策略 l 4.好文章赏析及作用好文章赏析及作用l An Example of Good Writing l 5.了解一点英语修辞了解一点英语修辞 6.NMET书面表达写作过程演示书面表达写作过程演示了解了解NMET书面表达的答题要求书面表达的答题要求l 按按5个档次给分个档次给分,写一篇写一篇100个单词左右的书面个单词左右的书面材料。情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内材料。情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等容等;提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲、短提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲、短文等。书面表达的要求是文等。书面表达的要求是:1.覆盖所有的语言要点覆盖所有的语言要点。内容要点可用不同方内容要点可用不同方l 式表达。对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。式表达。对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。2.应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性。值得。值得l 意的是意的是 语法结构或词汇方面虽有些许错误语法结构或词汇方面虽有些许错误,l 但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致;l 具有较强的语言运用能力具有较强的语言运用能力。l点评点评:此点极为重要此点极为重要,现举实例如下现举实例如下,部分为部分为核心部分核心部分:l I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street.句式句式:be doing something when.l 正在做某事就在这时正在做某事就在这时.l The car didnt stop but drove off at great speed heading west.表达法表达法:drive off heading west 高速向西开去高速向西开去 On the other side,where the playground used to be，now stands another new building-our library.l 该句含一个由该句含一个由where引导的非限定性的定语从引导的非限定性的定语从句句,在此处插入在此处插入,令人感到自然、令人感到自然、得体得体,其中还其中还使用了表达法使用了表达法used to be,准确、地道。该句的准确、地道。该句的后半部由一个倒装句组成后半部由一个倒装句组成,在对主语作进一步说在对主语作进一步说明时明时,使用了破折号使用了破折号,语言既利落语言既利落,结构又紧凑。结构又紧凑。After a short rest,we had great fun singing and dancing,telling jokes or stories.句式句式:have fun(in)doing something The time passed quickly.Before we knew it,we had to say goodbye to the workers.l使用使用before译成译成:还未来得及还未来得及.,就就。l My brother was riding with me sitting on the seat behind.l 该句使用该句使用with结构结构,其结构为其结构为with+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语。该结构的情景描述功能十分突出。此外该结构的情景描述功能十分突出。此外,behind一词用作一词用作seat定语的用法也十分轻巧。定语的用法也十分轻巧。There is sure to be a lot of fun.在在There is句式中加入句式中加入be sure to等表达是十等表达是十分有用的写作技巧分有用的写作技巧,又如又如:There happened to be.There seems to be.l 3.上下文的连贯性上下文的连贯性,即有效地使用语句间的连接即有效地使用语句间的连接l 成分成分,全文结构紧凑。全文结构紧凑。4.语言的得体语言的得体性性l5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方l 面面,对交际程度有一定的影响对交际程度有一定的影响,应予以考应予以考l 虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。6.书写较差书写较差,以至影响交际以至影响交际,将分数降低一将分数降低一l 个档次。个档次。7.答题的参考时间为答题的参考时间为25分钟。分钟。l 注意语言评价能力的培养与运用l 考生在完成NMET书面表达的过程时,应当有一整套那怕是初步的写作微技能的 有效支持。其中最重要的是能够依靠良好的语言评价能力的有效支持。语言评价 能力也称编校能力,是指考生写作时,同时评价自己的能力。评价大致包括 (1)审题、审图是否准确;写作要点是否完整 (2)布局谋篇是否合理;文章层次是否清晰 (3)句式是否丰富;组句是否正确 (4)行文是否连贯;细节是否严谨 (5)表达是否清楚;措辞是否得体l解读解读NMET书面表达高频考点书面表达高频考点 l1.都具备都具备Who(主体主体),What(内容内容),Where(地点地点),l When(时间时间),Why(原因原因)构成构成NMET书面表达书面表达l 内容的内容的5大要素。大要素。2.不论通知类、情况介绍类还是情景描述类命不论通知类、情况介绍类还是情景描述类命 l 题题,题材均为考生所熟悉。题材均为考生所熟悉。3.都具备都具备6个左右的描述要点。个左右的描述要点。4.都要求行文的连贯与流畅都要求行文的连贯与流畅,由此带来的是作由此带来的是作 l 状语用的副词状语用的副词(尤其是时间副词尤其是时间副词)、副词短语、副词短语l 或副词从句提至句首。或副词从句提至句首。lNMET书面表达解题策略lI.符合书面表达写作要求的具体作法1.认真审图,确认全部信息,应包括:图中的环境条件 人物位置 人物活动 人物表情 空间结构 图中全部附加文字(英文和汉语)2.开门见山(Today we visited a farm.),为该题型写作的典型特点。3.大约用10个句子组成文章,为该题型写作的另一特点。lII.要有连贯性要素要有连贯性要素 1.并列连词代替从属连词的特点是让读者自己并列连词代替从属连词的特点是让读者自己去补充所连接的两部分间的逻辑联系去补充所连接的两部分间的逻辑联系,根据两部根据两部分的思想内容去推论分的思想内容去推论,从而达到思想表达生动、从而达到思想表达生动、有力和鲜明的修辞效果。有力和鲜明的修辞效果。We were leaving the farm,and every farm worker seemed sorry.It is true he is young,but/and yet he is really good at go.It is true.but.=It is true.and yet.=Indeed.but =Indeed.and yet(的确的确.,然然而而.)l 2.并列句的修辞作用在于它把两个或几个平行或并列句的修辞作用在于它把两个或几个平行或对立的相关的思想联系在一起对立的相关的思想联系在一起,构成一比较完整构成一比较完整的思想的思想,因而它比两个或几个孤立的简单句的思因而它比两个或几个孤立的简单句的思想内容要丰富得多想内容要丰富得多,逻辑关系要清楚得多。逻辑关系要清楚得多。恰如其份地使用连词恰如其份地使用连词and容易收到流畅的效果。容易收到流畅的效果。连词连词and可以交代连接的可以交代连接的 双方的相互关系双方的相互关系,如并如并列关系、先后关系、因果关系等。列关系、先后关系、因果关系等。l(1)and表因果关系表因果关系 The teacher came,and class began.Tom is very tired,and really he should go to bed.l l(2)连词连词and表先后关系表先后关系 Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together.l and连接的双方为连接的双方为met和和went,既交代了既交代了两个动作的先后顺序两个动作的先后顺序,又避免了不必要的赘又避免了不必要的赘述。述。l3.两个以上的简单句合并成一个并列句两个以上的简单句合并成一个并列句 Tom is ill.He cannot study.He still attends school.l Tom is ill and cannot study,yet he still attends school.He saw the boy in the street.He stopped to speak to him.He gave him a penny.Seeing the boy in the street,he stopped to speak to him and gave him a penny.lIII.汉语中的逗号与在英语中的作用并非一致 英语中句与句之间的联系绝不依靠逗号,而是借助连接词。缺少连接词,句与句之间也就不存在其合理性。老师问了我一个问题,我不会回答。Wrong:The teacher asked me a question,I l couldnt answer it.l Right:The teacher asked me a question,and/but l I couldnt answer it.我没出去,而是呆在家里看书。I didnt go out;instead,I stayed home and read.我们捡柴火,他们搭帐篷。We gathered the wood and they set up the tent.lIV.使用好过渡性词语使用好过渡性词语 过渡性词语是把在意义上相连贯的句子联接在过渡性词语是把在意义上相连贯的句子联接在一起的链条一起的链条,指出作者思维活动发展的方向。指出作者思维活动发展的方向。1.First,Next,Then,Finally.2.thus,therefore,however,in fact,on the l contrary,besides,instead of 3.first,second,and,but,for,or 4.whats more,as a result,what is better still,so far as I know(据我所知据我所知)例：例：He is handsome,clever,and what is better still,very diligent.lV.了解叙述与叙述文特点了解叙述与叙述文特点1.叙述是把人物的经历和事物的发展变化叙述是把人物的经历和事物的发展变化的过程用语言表达出来的一种写作方式。的过程用语言表达出来的一种写作方式。2.叙述文一般都是按时间顺序的方法铺叙述文一般都是按时间顺序的方法铺陈陈,通过通过动词动词和过渡性词语来控制整个事和过渡性词语来控制整个事件的进程。件的进程。It grew dark before seven oclock.Wind and rain now whipped the house.John sent his son and daughter upstairs.l 3.句与句之间连接与自然过渡借助作状语用的句与句之间连接与自然过渡借助作状语用的时间副词、时间副词短语以及时间副词从句提至时间副词、时间副词短语以及时间副词从句提至句首句首,使得上句的尾部与下句的首部相互呼应使得上句的尾部与下句的首部相互呼应,以收到以收到 连贯的效果。以连贯的效果。以NMET98书面表达为例书面表达为例:第第1句句 Today we visited.第第2句句 Early in the morning.第第4句句 Then the head.第第6句句 At noon we.第第7句句 After a short rest.第第8句句 Before we knew.lVI.使用丰富而且有把握的句式使用丰富而且有把握的句式 (以以NMET98书面表达为例书面表达为例)1.give sb a warm welcome 2.show sb around 3.How glad sb was to do sth!4.have fun(in)doing sth 5.say goodbye to sbVII.留意使用名词修饰名词的方法留意使用名词修饰名词的方法 1.a school gate (校门校门)2.a farm worker (农工农工)l 了解一点英语修辞了解一点英语修辞l 1.词语的声音要和谐词语的声音要和谐。避免过多的单音节词或同一音组连在一起避免过多的单音节词或同一音组连在一起,如如:One day a boy came to me and said 2.用插入成分代替从句用插入成分代替从句:Mrs Baynes,Bosinneys aunt(Louisa was her name),was in her kitchen when Jane was announced to come.3.激问激问 心中本无疑而故意设问的修辞方法。激问即寓心中本无疑而故意设问的修辞方法。激问即寓答于问的设问答于问的设问,目地在于加重语气目地在于加重语气,表达激动的表达激动的感情。激问寓答于问感情。激问寓答于问,有时甚至可以不用疑问号有时甚至可以不用疑问号,而用感叹号。而用感叹号。l Who should come in but the man we were talking of?=Only the man we were talking of came in.Who would do such a thing but a fool?Who says we are alone in solving the l problem of air pollution?l NMET书面表达写作过程演示 【以图为例】Step 1:初步构思进行第1图与其他图相互关系的比较,包括地点、人物等要素,充分利用图片所给的主要信息:文字、地点与地点、地点与人物、人物与人物,抑或其他之间的相互关系。Step 2:安排语篇逻辑次序 起草语篇 确定事件的时间特征(已知或未知)确定时态 l 注意语言形式和句型的选择 进行文字校验 考虑措辞 Step 3:用铅笔打格,在审题时做标识(确定时态、句式尽量用不同的句式、时间状语的位置l表目的的状语用不定式,时间状语适度提前、多用连词and、多用贴切的表达法,l Step 4:提笔落字:i.开门见山,3段式,结尾以抒发内心活动为特征。ii.字迹干净、利落、行文流畅。iii.适时、适当表现情感因素,为此,要准备表现情感因素的句式:(1)How glad we were to see the crops and vegetables growing well.(2)We had great fun singing and dancing,telling jokes or stories.(3)The time passed quickly.Before we knew it,we had to say goodbye to the workers.(4)This made us puzzled.(5)Hope you dont have to wait as long as we did.Good luck.lStep 5:诵读两遍:检查冠词、标点(中文的逗号不是英文的逗号英文句与句的连接用连词)。l英语逗号用法与提升英语作文品质 -NMET考生容易忽视或误用的英语写作常识Dear Dick,How nice to hear from you again.You want to know what is going on in schools in China?In short,things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load.I dont know about others,but I used to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well.Now I have more free time.I can follow my own interests such as reading books,visiting museums,land taking computer lessons.In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers.Whats more,I can go to bed earlier.As far as I know,everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.Best wishes,Li Hua l其中含逗号用法的情形:(1)Dear Dick,(2)In short,(3)I dont know about others,but.(4)I can follow my own interests such as reading l books,visiting museums,and taking.l(5)Whats more,(6)As far as I know,(7)Best wishes,启示与结论:凡逗号出现的场合和时机无不体现英语的使用习惯或固定的表达方式,也与为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇,具有较强的语言运用能力,以及实现上下文的连贯性,即有效地使用语句间的连接成分,全文结构紧凑,语言的得体性这些重要的考试要求相关。以逗号为主线,研读流畅、精采表达的各种方式,有可能使得写作快速步上新的台阶,从而收到事半功倍的效果。l【要点1】插入语前后须用逗号隔开 He is,I should think,above fifty.他看上去不止五十岁。I loved all around me,I believe,for everybody was kind to me.我爱我周围的人，因为大家都对我很好。So far as I know,an art exhibition will be held next month.据我所知,下个月将有一个艺术展。He is handsome,clever,and what is better still,very diligent.他英俊、聪明,更棒的是还相当勤奋。I didnt go out;instead,I stayed home and read.我没出去,而是呆在家里看书。l【要点2】副词从句和逗号 (1)句首的副词从句用逗号隔开。If it rains tomorrow,I will not go.l 明天下雨的话，我就不去了。When they met,they used to nod to each other.他们见面时,会互相点头。(2)副词从句出现在主句之后,一般不用逗号，但附加的语意强时，就用逗号。He is loved by all,because he is honest.l 他人很诚恳，受到大家的爱戴。He works hard,so that he may pass.l 他很用功，想必能考及格。(3)短的住所、时间副词从句可不用逗号。When it rains he stays at home 下雨时他待在家里。When passing(=When he was passing)he looked in.他路过时顺便进来坐了一会儿。l插入语 a.It is,after all,due to his negligence.(毕竟这是由于他的疏忽。)b.She is,as I have told you before,very fond of collecting stamps.(你像我以前告诉你的，她很喜欢集邮。)c.I am,therefore,very careful when crossing the road.(因此过马路时我非常小心。)d.They(Mr.and Mrs.White)will be here in Beijing the day after tomorrow.他们(怀特先生和太太)后天就要到达北京。le.He is,to be exact,sixteen years old,and is not old enough to join the army.(确切地说，他才十六岁，还没达到参军的年龄。)f.The man,it seems,entered the house by the window.lAn Example of Good Writing l（好文章赏析）l A letter with American stamps came to the house and it announced the arrival of my uncle.I didnt know I had an uncle.l When Father and Uncle were young,they were always together and were one anothers best friend.When it came time to get married,Uncle refused.He had the ambition of leaving China and going to America.Father disagreed with this and one night,Uncle was gone.Everyone asked where he went and six years later,the answer came in a letter.He had become an American.My father was very angry.He believed Uncle betrayed(背叛)the ancient tradition of staying home and taking care of the old.lAltogether it had been 25 years since Uncle left.Although it has been so long,the amount of anger Father had only grew.Among the family,only Father refused to see him.Father said aloud“OnlyAnimals leave their family!”According to the letter,Uncle was already in China and he also brought his family and children along with him.I was worried Father would not see him.When I was walking along the street with Mother,I asked her what would happen if Father did not see Uncle.She answered,“Dont worry about that.Your father tries to hide it but he is the most anxious of us all to see your uncle.l评述：文章生动活泼、自然流畅;句型l多样,长短相间,错落有致。文章有连贯性、一致性要素。连词and的使用，以及；句子开头多使用时间副词、短语或从句，以及连接性词语，使文章一气呵成.此外,由无生命的物作主语使得文章的英文味儿十足.lDear Bob,l Im so glad to learn that youre coming in September.Ive found a place for you.Its a small flat of 25 square metres,with a bedroom,a bathroom and a kitchen.In the bedroom there is a bed,a sofa,a desk and a chair.The rent is 500 yuan per month.The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street,which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.Bus No.11 can take you straight to the school.In fact,its only one stop.Do you think youd like it?If not,I can try and find another place for you.Just let me know.l Yours,l Li HuaNMET写作新概念l以有形或无形的三段式写作l以时间为主线指示事件的发展方向l以实义动词顺序描述事件的发展进程l用尽可能多样的句式丰富文章的表现力l用插入语以及后位补述的手段展示文字实力l以情感类文字烘托文章高潮并产生互动lIt was 7:15 on the morning of February 8,2000.I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street.Then I saw a yellow car drive up Third Street and make a right turn into Park Road.The next moment the car hit the man while he was crossing the road.He fell with a cry.The car didnt stop but drove off at great speed heading west.I noticed the driver was a young woman and the plate number was AC864.About two minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital.