机关事业单位工人技术等级岗位考试试题.doc

机关事业单位工人技术等级考试试题简答题目录1、什么叫浆砌石？它有哪些砌筑要领？···················································102、对模板的根本要求有哪些？···························································113、什么叫扣件式钢管脚手架？它有哪些特点？·············································114、手工除锈有哪几种方式？·····························································115、混凝土浇筑前应对模板、钢筋及预埋件进行哪些检查？···································116、砌筑前的准备工作一般有哪些内容？···················································117、模板安装的程序是怎样的？包括哪些内容？·············································118、操作除锈机时应注意哪些内容？·······················································119、混凝土搅拌质量如何进行外观检查？···················································1110、提高推土机生产效率的方法有哪些？··················································1111、砖石砌筑的根本原那么有哪些？························································1112、定型组合钢模板由哪几局部组成？····················································1213、钢筋为什么要除锈？································································1214、搅拌机使用前的检查工程有哪些？····················································1215、如何对混凝土拌合物进行检查控制？··················································1216、简述砖根底检查工程和方法？························································1217、滑模施工有哪些特点？······························································1218、拆模应注意哪些内容？······························································1219、钢筋的现场绑扎的根本程序有哪些？··················································1220、混凝土工程如何对原材料进行控制检查？··············································1221、砖墙面勾缝前，应做哪些准备工作？··················································1322、滑模系统由哪几局部组成？··························································1323、点焊时有哪些根本要求？····························································1324、自卸汽车运输混凝土的平安技术措施有哪些？··········································1325、墙混凝土的振捣要求有哪些？························································1326、土石坝的渗透观测工程有哪些？······················································1327、如何预防土石坝裂缝？······························································1328、土石坝裂缝处理后如何进行土料回填？················································1429、渠系建筑物如何进行日常养护？······················································1430、渠道产生冲刷的原因有哪些？························································1431、造成坝身渗漏的主要原因有哪些？····················································1432、如何用导渗法处理土石坝的渗漏？····················································1433、土石坝绕坝渗漏的原因有哪些？······················································1434、如何抢护土石坝滑坡？······························································1535、土石坝护坡破坏的类型及原因有哪些？················································1536、什么叫设防水位？··································································1537、什么叫管涌？······································································1538、散浸出现的原因有哪些？····························································1539、滑坡裂缝与纵向裂缝的区别有哪些？··················································1540、为了使巡堤查险顺利进行，保证防汛平安，制定严格的制度。一般有哪些工作制度？········1541、出现洪水漫顶的主要原因有哪些？····················································1642、子堤型式有哪几种？································································1643、堤防日常维护工作的主要内容有哪些？················································1644、漏洞险情出险原因有哪些？··························································1645、防止漫顶的措施有哪些？····························································1646、土石坝的变形观测的内容有哪些？····················································1647、土石坝横向裂缝发生的常见部位有哪些？··············································1748、坝下涵管产生管身断裂和漏水的常见原因有哪些？······································1749、堤防中的隐患通常有哪些？··························································1750、溢洪道的巡视检查主要有哪些内容？··················································1751、多孔闸门如何进行运行？····························································1752、启闭机如何进行日常养护？··························································1753、巡堤查险制度有哪些？······························································1754、如何用视准线法进行土石坝水平位移观测？············································1755、土石坝内部裂缝常常发生在哪些部位？················································1856、化学灌浆的灌浆材料有哪些？························································1857、水闸的观测工程有哪些？····························································1858、堤基清理包括哪些内容? ····························································1859、护岸工程水下护脚采用哪些方法? ····················································1860、什么是抢险？······································································1861、河道整治的措施有哪些？····························································1862、修防工作的任务是什么？····························································1863、防止风浪的抢护方法常用的有哪些？··················································1864、堤身漏洞抢护原那么有哪些？··························································1865、简述堤防管理主要规定。·····························································1866、简述脱坡产生的原因。·······························································1867、堤坝出现翻砂鼓水应如何抢护？······················································1968、水利工程中常用的石料有哪几种？····················································1969、提高推土机生产效率的方法有哪些？··················································1970、土方压实的目的有哪些？····························································1971、对土石坝进行的巡视检查应注意以下要求。·············································1972、土石坝的裂缝有哪些类型？··························································1973、土石坝渗漏的危害性有哪些？························································1974、常见的压渗型式有有哪些？··························································1975、土石坝滑坡有哪些类型？····························································1976、混凝土坝体散渗或集中渗漏的处理如何处理？··········································1977、渠道滑坡如何进行处理？····························································1978、风浪淘刷险情出险原因有哪些？······················································1979、子堤型式有哪些？··································································1980、混凝土及浆砌石坝渗漏类型有哪些？··················································1981、溢洪道的巡视检查主要有哪些内容？··················································1982、启闭设备使用前应进行哪些检查？····················································2083、土工织物的特性有哪些？····························································2084、隧洞产生气蚀的主要原因有哪些？····················································2085、渠道正常运用的要求有哪些？························································2086、渠道的病害形式有哪些？····························································2087、漏洞如何进行探测？································································2088、试述纯土子堰抢护布置、材料、施工要求。·············································2089、什么是管涌？一般发生在什么部位？其产生原因是什么？一般采取哪些方法抢护。···········20论述题目录1、试述浆砌石砌筑工艺。································································202、砼常用的铺料方法有哪些？···························································213、滑坡处理考前须知有哪些？···························································214、散浸抢护原那么及抢修方法有哪些？·····················································215、如何构筑背河滤水围井减压？·························································216、崩塌抢护原那么和抢护方法有哪些？·····················································227、闸顶漫溢如何进行抢护？·····························································228、如何组织浆砌石根底砌筑施工？·······················································229、土石坝的裂缝如何进行观测？·························································2210、如何采用开挖回填的方法处理裂缝？··················································2311、土石坝护坡如何进行永久加固修理？··················································2312、管涌抢险方法有哪些？······························································2313、风浪抢护原那么及抢修方法有哪些？····················································2414、水闸滑动如何进行抢险？····························································2415、混凝土麻面产生的原因有哪些？如何预防和处理？······································2416、混凝土拌和的平安技术措施有哪些？··················································2417、选择压实机械主要考虑哪些原那么？····················································2518、砌石工程施工质量如何进行控制检查？················································2519、渠道如何进行砌石衬护？····························································2520、紧邻水平建基面的爆破开挖要求有哪些？··············································2521、梁、板混凝土的振捣要求有哪些？····················································2622、钢筋安装质量控制的根本内容有哪些？················································2623、梁、板混凝土结构因尺寸较小，施工中应注意哪些问题？································2624、屋面柔性防水结构如何组织施工？····················································2625、试述土石坝日常维护工作。···························································2726、试述岸坡崩塌险情产生的原因及抢险方法。·············································2727、试述土石坝绕坝渗漏的处理措施。·····················································2828、试述抢堵堤防决口的方法。···························································2829、崩塌抢护原那么和抢护方法有哪些？····················································2930、堵口的方法有哪些？································································2931、试述土石坝坝身渗漏的形式及原因。···················································3032、混凝土建筑物止水破坏后如何处理？··················································3033、试述出现漫顶的原因和抢护原那么。·····················································3034、试述土石坝滑坡的处理。·····························································3135、试述堤防的养护要求及方法？························································3136、试述管涌险情的抢护？······························································3137、干砌石施工必须注意哪些因素？······················································3238、管涌抢护原那么及抢修方法有哪些？····················································3239、岸坡崩塌险情及出险原因有哪些？····················································3240、水闸滑动如何进行抢险？····························································33一、选择题1、处于潮湿环境或水下使用的砂浆应用(A.水泥砂浆)。 2、砌筑块石挡土墙时，两个分层高度间的错缝不得小于(C.8 )cm。 3、砖墙预留的过人洞，其侧边离交接处的墙面应不小于(C.50)cm，洞口顶部宜设置过梁。 4、平拱砖过梁适用于跨度不超过()m的门窗洞口。 5、当竖向模板最低处高于地面( D.10 )m时，应考虑各方向风荷载作用的抗倾稳定。 6、模板安装时，凡属承重的梁板结构，跨度大于 4m 以上时，跨中应预留起拱高度每米增高(C.3)mm，两边逐渐减少，至两端同原设计高程等高， 7、扣件式钢管双排脚手架的小横杆靠墙一端应离开墙体装饰面至少 (A.100)mm。8、级钢筋单面搭接焊最小搭接长度不少于(D.8)d(钢筋直径)。 9、断线钳是定型产品，它一般用于切断(D.l5)mm以下的钢丝。10、钢筋扳子的扳口尺寸要比弯制钢筋大(A.2)mm较为适宜，过大会影响弯制形状的正确。 11、手弧焊接作业，焊机必须装设接地线。地线电阻不应大于(C.4)。 12、锥螺纹套筒连接，所连钢筋直径之差不宜超过 (D.9 )mm。13、搭接钢筋为受压钢筋时， 筋间距不应大于(B.10)d。 14、砂砾地基应去除杂物，整平根底面，并浇筑(C.1020)cm 厚素混凝土垫层。 15、设计配合比中的加水量根据(C.水灰比)计算确定，并以饱和面干状态的砂子为标准。 16、在完成混凝土搅拌机检查工作后，即可进行开盘搅拌，为不改变混凝土设计配合比，补偿粘附在筒壁、叶片上的砂浆，第一盘应减多加水泥、砂各(B15)%。 17、溜管卸料时，其出口离浇筑面的高差应不大于1.5m。并利用拉索拖动均匀卸料，但应使溜管出口段约 (B2 ) m长与浇筑面保持垂直，以防止混凝土料别离。随着混凝土浇筑面的上升，可逐节拆卸溜管下端的管节。 18、用外表式振捣器在双层钢筋结构中浇筑层的允许最大铺料厚度为(B120)mm。 19、人工平仓用论铁坛锹讨，平仓距离不超过(C.3)m。 20、振捣棒在每一孔位的振捣时间，以混凝土不再显著下沉，水分和气泡不再逸出并开始泛浆为准。振捣时间和混凝土坍落度、石子类型及最大粒径、振捣器的性能等因素有关，一般为 (B2030)s。21、浆砌石施工的砌筑要领可概括为:平、稳、满、错四个字。平，同一层面大致砌平，相邻石块的高差宜小于B.23。 22、筑圆形建筑物(如水池)一般采用B. 顶砌法， 法全部采用丁砖，便于砌筑成所需的弧度。23、墙身砌体高度超过地坪 m以上时，应搭设脚手架。 24、滑模施工在滑动过程中，要求各千斤顶的相对标高之差不得大于D.40mm。 25、木脚手架的搭设时，对于单排外脚手架，搭设高度一般不得超过B.20m。 26 、钢筋的贮存堆放时，钢筋下部应垫高，离地至少B.20 cm高，以防钢筋锈蚀。 27、钢筋在使用前必须经过调直,钢筋调直后其外表伤痕不得使钢筋截面积减少D.5 以上。 28 、操作钢筋切断机在断短料时，不用手扶的一端应用A.1m以上长度的钢管套压。 29、如果有多台对焊机并列安装时，两台焊机之间的距离最少要有B.3m，并且要求接在不同相位的电源上。 30、乙炔钢瓶必须安放在垂直的位置。当瓶内压力减低到MPa 时，应停止使用。31、根据施工标准规定：直径在B.25mm以下的钢筋接头，可采用绑扎接头。 32、焊接与绑扎接头距钢筋弯起点不小于B.10d，也不位于最大弯矩处。 33、施工标准对配料精度(按重量百分比计)的要求是：水泥、掺合料、水、外加剂溶液为±A.1%。 34、搅拌机运输时，应将进料斗提升到上止点，并用保险铁链锁住。轮胎式搅拌机的搬运可用机动车拖行，但其拖行速度不得超过B.15。如在不平的道路上行驶，速度还应降低。 35、溜槽为钢制槽子(钢模)，可从皮带机、自卸汽车、斗车等受料，将混凝土转送入仓。 坡度可由试验确定， 采用D.45左右。 36、开始浇筑前，要在岩面或老混凝土面上，先铺一层B.23cm 厚的水泥砂浆(接缝砂浆)以保证新混凝土与基岩或老混凝上结合良好。37、台阶浇筑法浇筑块的台阶层数以D.510层为宜，层数过多，易使下层混凝土错动，并使浇筑仓内平仓振捣机械上下频率调动，容易造成漏振。 38、振捣棒的插入深度，在振捣第一层混凝土时，以振捣器头部不碰到基岩或老混凝土面，但相距不超过C.5cm为宜。 39、硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥混凝土养护时间不少于B.14d。 40 、块石根底每天可砌高度不应超过B.4.2m。 41、堤防压实质量控制指标是土的干密度，一般设计要求应到达(C、1.5) t/m 以上。42、堤防灌浆压力一般控制在(C、98)kPa。 43、纯土子堰顶宽一般为(B、1.0)m。 44、土料的密度、含水量、(B、可松性)等主要工程性质对土方工程的施工方法、施工进度均有很重要的影响。 45、推土机适用于堆筑高度在(A、1.5)m以内的路基、渠堤等。 46、拖式铲运机的运距以不超过(D、 800 )m为宜，当运距在 300m左右时效率最高。 47、土石坝清基应把坝基范围内有机质含量大于(B、2)%的表土去除掉。48、土石坝坝面取样所测定的干密度试验结果，其合格率应不小于(D、90) %，不合格干密度不得低于设计值的 98%，且不能集中出现。 49、钢模板的宽度以 (50)mm进级，长度以(150)mm进级，其规格和型号已做到标准化、系列化。 50、模板撤除中，当梁的跨度为 5m 以上要求到达设计强度的(D、100 )； 51、木脚手架的搭设时，对于双排外脚手架，搭设高度一般不得超过(C、30) m。52、钢筋、钢丝、钢绞线应作成批验收，每批的数量应小于(D、60)。53、级钢筋受拉区钢筋绑扎接头的最小搭接长度(B、35)d。 54、在水利水电工程施工中进行钢筋代换时，某种直径的钢筋以钢号相同的另一种钢筋代替时,其直径变更范围不宜超过(D、4)mm。 55、断线钳是定型产品，它一般用于切断(D、5)mm以下的钢丝。 56、操作钢筋切断机在断短料时，不用手扶的一端应用(A、1)m 以上长度的钢管套压。 57、下面哪种建筑物不属于防洪堤(B、海塘)： 58、采用抛石方法抢护坝基岸根底淘刷时，抛投块石的重量一般在 (C、3070)kg： 59、排水设备应设置在堤坝(D、下游)部位。 60、建基面终验清理完毕或施工缝处理完毕养护一定时间,混凝土强度到达(A、2.5)MPa 后,即进行钢筋的绑扎与安装作业。 61、水体某一固定地点的自由水面高出基面的高程称为该地点的( 水位 )。62、江河渠道中水体流动的速度称为( 流速 )。63、 位时间内通过河道某一断面的流体体积称为( 流量 )。64、堤防工程的级别根据防护区内各类防护对象的重要性和规模划分为( 5 )级。65、采用机械方法填筑土堤时，施工段长度不少于( 200 )m。66、堤防施工清基范围应超出设计边线( 3050 )cm。67、纯土子堰应修在堤顶面( 临水 )堤肩一侧。68、纯土子堰临水坡脚一般距堤肩( 0.51.0 )m。69、纯土子堰顶宽一般为( 1.0)m。70、砂石导渗沟一般沟深为( 0.51.0 )m。71、砂石导渗沟一般沟宽为( 0.50.8 )m。72、修筑梢料反滤围井时，铺料顺序为( 细梢料、梢料 )。73、在背水坡处理管涌险情时，切忌用( 不透水材料 )强填硬塞，以免断绝排水通路，增大渗压，使险情恶化。74、在漏洞口切忌乱抛( 砖石 )等块状材料，以免架空， 使漏洞扩大。75、子堰修在临河侧，堰脚至堤肩应留出( 1.0 )m 的宽度，以便于施工及查水。76、渗漏已在涵闸下游堤坡出逸时，防止流土或管涌等渗透破坏，致使险情扩大，需在出渗处采取( 导渗反滤 )措施。77、干砌石施工前，为了防止地下渗水逸出时把根底的土粒带走，在干砌石下面应铺设( 反滤层 )。78、( 花缝砌石 )底部空虚，容易被水淘涮发生变形，稳定性较差。79、( 干砌石 )是依靠石块之间相互挤紧的力量来维持稳定的。80、浆砌石勾缝是在砌体砂浆凝固前，先将缝内深度不大( 2 )cm 的砂浆刮去，用水将缝内冲洗干净，待砌体到达一定强度后，再用标号较高且较稠的砂浆进行勾缝。81、堤基清基时，清基范围应超出设计边线 D、3050 cm。82、处理散浸时，以下哪种不属于砂石导渗沟布置型式 D、一字形 ：84、 方工程的施工内容包括土方开挖、 方运输和土方 B、 筑 。85、 土机适用于施工场地清理和平整、 挖深度不超过 A、1 5 m的基坑。86、推土机的推运距离宜在 B、100 m 以内。87、土石坝挖挖掘机合理的装车斗数应为 B、35 斗装一车。89、粘性土和砂土的密度可用体积为 D、500 cm 的环刀测定。80、当竖向模板最低处高于地面 D、10 m 时，应考虑各方向风荷载作用的抗倾稳定。81、滑模施工在滑动过程中，要求各千斤顶的相对标高之差不得大于 D、40 mm。83、木脚手架的搭设时，对于单排外脚手架，搭设高度一般不得超过B、20 m。85、钢筋的贮存堆放时，钢筋下部应垫高，离地至少 B、20 cm高，以防钢筋锈蚀。86、级钢筋单面搭接焊最小搭接长度 D、8 d。87、钢筋切断有人工剪断、机械切断、氧气切割等三种方法。直径大于 40mm 的钢筋一般用 D、大锤锤断。88、手压切断器用于切断直径 B、16 mm 以下的级钢筋。89、钢筋闪光对焊作业时，对焊钢筋端头 B、150 mm 范围内要除污除锈，调直。91、处于潮湿环境或水下使用的砂浆应用 A、 水泥砂浆 。92、浆砌石施工的砌筑要领可概括为“平、稳、满、错四个字。平，同一层面大致砌平，相邻石块的高差宜小于 B、23 cm。93、土方工程的施工内容包括土方开挖、土方运输和土方填筑B、填筑 。94、砌筑块石挡土墙时，两个分层高度间的错缝不得小于C、8cm 。95、 体后隐蔽工程的回填， 常温下一般要在砌后C、2 8 d方可进行。96、下面哪种建筑物不属于河道工程 B、公路桥 ：97、下面哪种建筑物不属于防洪堤 B、海塘：98、某堤防工程防洪区人口 140 万，保护耕地 350 万亩，此堤防为 2 级。99、采用土袋子堰抢护堤防漫溢时，每袋应装土 C、七八成满。100、排水设备应设置在堤坝 D、下游 部位。101、推土机适用于施工场地清理和平整、开挖深度不超过 A、1.5m 的基坑。102、推土机适用于堆筑高度在 A、1.5 m 以内的路基、渠堤等。103、推土机的推运距离宜在 B、100 m 以内。104、土料的密度、含水量、B、可松性，等主要工程性质对土方工程的施工方法、施工进度均有很重要的影响。105、粘性土和砂土的密度可用体积为D、500 cm 的环刀测定。106、土石坝坝面取样所测定的干密度试验结果，其合格率应不小于D、90 %，不合格干密度不得低于设计值的 98%，且不能集中出现。107、粘性土和砂土的密度可用体积为 D、500 cm 的环刀测定。108、水泥石灰砂浆自加水拌和到使用完不宜超过B、2 2h；同时由于它凝结速度较慢，不宜用于冬季施工。109、 石坝挖挖掘机合理的装车斗数应为B、3-5 斗装一车。110、土石坝清基应把坝基范围内有机质含量大于 B、2 %的表土去除掉。111、对因汽车上坝或压实机具压实后的土料表层形成的光面，必须进行刨毛处理，一般要求刨毛深度为 45 cm。112、浆砌石施工的砌筑要领可概括为“平、稳、满、错四个字。平，同一层面大致砌平，相邻石块的高差宜小于C、34 cm。113、浆砌块石的砌筑顺序是 A、角石、面石、腹石。114、处理散浸时，以下哪种不属于砂石导渗沟布置型式D、一字形 ：115、堤基清基时，清基范围应超出设计边线D、3050 CM。116、下面哪种建筑物不属于河道工程：B、公路桥117、下面哪种建筑物不属于防洪堤：B、海塘118、某堤防工