毕业论文外文翻译-注塑成型智能模具设计工具.doc

注塑成型智能模具设计工具摘要 注塑成型是一个生产热塑性塑料制品最流行的制造工艺，而模具设计是这个过程的一个重要方面。模具设计需要专业的知识、技能，最重要的是拥有该领域的经验。三者缺一不可。生产塑料组件需要选择恰当的模具，如果缺乏其中之一，这种选择就得在反复试验的根底上进行。这会增加生产本钱，并造成设计上的不一致。 本文介绍了智能模具设计工具的开展。该工具捕获模具设计过程的知识，并且以符合逻辑的方式将这些知识反映出来。所获得的知识将是确定性的，但模具设计过程中的信息是非确定的。一旦开发了模具设计工具，它将指导使用者根据不同客户的要求，为其塑料零件选择适宜的模具。 导言 注塑成型工艺过程需要专业的知识、技能，最重要的是需要它成功的实践经验。通常是工艺参数控制过程的效率。在制造过程中，有效地控制和优化这些参数能实现一致性，这种一致性会在零件质量和零件本钱上表现出来的问题。1 智能化工程模块注塑成型工艺IKEM 基于知识的智能化工程模块的注塑成型工艺IKEM是一种软件技术，它领先于并行工程和 CAD / CAM 系统。它集成工程的设计和制造工艺的最新知识，给用户各种设计方面的指示，通过减少在产品开发设计阶段的工程变更，有助于减少一些工时。该系统将用于注塑设计，设计迭代和流程整合。目前的过程由许多手工计算、CAD 图形结构和从以前工程取得的经验三局部组成。一旦工程师完成设计，这将是性能评估。 该 IKEM 工程已分为三大模块。 1 费用估算模块 2 模具设计模块 3 生产模块 IKEM 系统有两种形式输入。在一个 CAD 模型的形式Pro/E 文件下输入，和在给出的用户界面形式下输入。制造商的经验水平将决定如何有效地控制工艺参数。有时这就导致人为错误引起的不一致性。还有经验缺乏，时间、资源短缺和创新的空间不大的情况。通过创造所谓的“智能模型的问题，工程学知识提供了一个可行的方案去解决所有这样 用户输入形式 模架设计 制造 用户输出形式 语法分析程 CAD 模型 本钱估计2 智能模具设计工具 在它的根本形式中模具设计工具是一个从文本文件中提取输入的 Visual Basic 应用程序，这种文本文件包含关于零件和用户输入程序。该文本文件包含来自 Pro/E 的一个信息文件的零件的几何解析。输入是用来估测模具得尺寸和其它各种特性。 2.1 文献回忆 模具设计的是另一种注塑成型过程的阶段，有经验的工程师在很大程度上有助于自动化进程，提高其效率。这个问题需要注意的是深入研究设计模具的时间。通常情况下，当设计工程师设计模具时，他们会参阅表格和标准手册，这会消耗大量的时间。另外，在标准的CAD 软件中需要大量的时间去考虑模具的建模组件。不同的研究人员已经解决了缩短用不同的方式来设计模具所花费的时间的问题。凯尔奇和詹姆斯采用成组技术来减少模具设计时间。聚合一类注塑成型件的独特的编码系统和在注射模具中所需的工具已开发，它可以适用于其它产品生产线。实施编码系统的软件系统也已经被开发。通过获取在这方面领域的工程师的经验和知识，尝试直接使模具设计过程的自动化。并行模具设计系统的研究开发就是这样的一个过程，在并行工程环境中试图制定一个系统的注塑模具设计流程。他们的研究目标是研制一个有利于并行工程实践的模具开发的进程，和研制开发一个以知识为根底的为注塑模具设计提供工艺问题和产品要求的辅助设计。通过各种方式获取关于模具设计过程确实定信息和不确定信息，研究人员一直试图使模具设计流程自动化。这个研究试图研制开发一个独特的模具设计应用程序，它以确定性和不确定性两种形式获取信息。2.2 采用的方法为了开展智能模具设计工具，传统的模具设计方法在被研究。应用程序开发人员和设计工程师合作设计一种特定塑料零件的模具。在此期间，被工程师采纳用来选择模底座的方法正在被地密切关注和筛选过程的各个方面，需要他的知识经验来确定。此外，有时候工程师将参考图表和手册以标准其甄选过程。这消耗时间的过程，稍后也被记录在应用程序中。系统的阐述依据输入和输出的应用程序是下一阶段。这涉及到如何定义什么养的模具布局信息是用户最需要的，也是他输入最少却得到相同的输出。根据在模具设计工作中收集到的信息，由工程师遵循的公约被转化为if - then 规那么。决策表是用来解释各种可能出现的情况，它们是当处理模具设计工程中某一特定的方面所提出的。这样被制定规那么，然后被组织在相互交融的模块中，使用应用程序开发环境。最后，应用程序是检验其正确性，当涉及到为塑料零件设计模具在工业生产中。2.3 选择适宜的模架通常情况下，为制造塑料零件选择适当的模架所涉及的有：1估计模腔数 模腔数量的决定取决于在一定时间内所需部件的数量，像机器的塑化能力，废品率等问题也会影响到模架的模腔数量。2确定镶块及其尺寸 镶块有助于模架重用，因此有助于降低生产本钱。当涉及到尺寸和数量的选择，作出决定取决于现有的镶块的重用性和新的镶块的本钱。3确定浇道的尺寸和定位 浇道的尺寸取决于所成型的材料。尽管还有其它要考虑材料特性来决定它的浇道的尺寸供符合它的流量要求。转轮的定位，取决于所用流道的拓扑布局。虽然循环的浇道系统始终是最好的，支道系统的平衡，防止流道均衡补偿的树枝状浇道系统是一个最被广泛应用的系统。4确定浇道直径 浇道直径决定于模具的尺寸，模腔的数量或在一定的时间内用来填补的塑料的总数。5浇口的定位 塑料在某一点进入模腔，在这点可以均匀填充满模腔。浇口可以设在循环模腔的任何周围点，但当填补矩形腔时，必须从中部流进。6确定供水道的的尺寸和定位 供水道之间和从模具中的任何壁上以标准的距离定位。该公约不是用一个直径范围定位水道在模具壁上。7根据以上结论确定模具的尺寸 根据以上的所有结论，模具的大概尺寸可以被估计，并四舍五入至最接近的产品目录号。在模架以前，如果重新设计，考虑到以上所有方面会降低本钱和减少设计时间，进入重新设计。2.4 问题的提出建立问题，需要人的知识和经验，模具设计方面消耗的时间涉及到图表，数据表等，为开发应用程序的问题解释。虽然大局部的输入如模腔数、腔的图像尺寸、周期时间，都是根据客户要求，其他输入如塑化能力、每分钟注射量等，可从机器的说明书中获得。应用程序的输出包含模具尺寸和其他资料，这显然有助于在目录中选择标准模架。Intelligent Mold Design Tool For Plastic Injection MoldingAbstract Plastic Injection molding is one of the most popular manufacturing processes for making thermo plastic products and mold design is a key aspect of the process. Design of molds requires knowledge expertise and most importantly experience in the field. When one of these is lacking selection of an appropriate mold for manufacturing a plastic component is done on a trial-and-error basis. This increases the cost of production and introduces inconsistencies in the design. This paper describes the development of an intelligent mold design tool. The tool captures know ledge about the mold design process and represents the knowledge in logical fashion. The knowledge acquired will be deterministic and non-deterministic information about the mold design process. Once developed the mold design tool will guide the user in selecting an appropriate mold for his plastic part based on various client specifications. IntroductionThe plastic injection molding process demands knowledge expertise and most important experience for its successful implementation. Often it is the molding parameters that control the efficiency of the process. Effectively controlling and optimizing these parameters during the manufacturing process can achieve consistency which takes the form of part quality and part cost. The level of experience of the manufacturers determines how effectively the process parameters are controlled. This sometimes leads to inconsistency introduced by human error. There is also the case where there is inexperience shortage of time resources and little scope for innovation. Knowledge-based engineering provides a feasible solution to all these problems by creating what is called an “intelligent model of the problem. 1 IKEM Intelligent Knowledge based Engineering modules for the plastic injection molding process IKEM is a software technology that is a step ahead of the concurrent engineering and CAD/CAM systems. It integrates current knowledge about the design and manufacturing processes and helps to reduce several man-hours by reducing engineering changes in the design phase of product development by giving users instruction about various design aspects. The system will be used for injection molding design design iterations and process integration. The current process consists of many manual computations CAD graphical constructions and experience attained from previous projects. Once the engineer completes the design it will be evaluated for performance. The IKEM project has been divided into three major modules. 1. The cost estimation module 2. The mold design module 3. The Manufacturing module Input to the IKEM system is of two forms. Input in the form of a CAD model Pro-E file and input given at the User Interface form. The manufacturer's level of experience will determine how to effectively control the process parameters. Sometimes this leads to inconsistency caused by human error. There is lack of experience, lack of time, lack of resources and innovative space. Through the creation of a "smart" model, engineering knowledge provides a feasible scheme to solve all user input form mold design and manufacture of the user output form of syntax analysis process CAD model cost estimation 2 Intelligent Mold Design Tool The mold design tool in its basic form is a Visual Basic application taking input from a textfile that contains information about the part and a User Input form. The text file containsinformation about the part geometry parsed from a Pro/E information file. The input is used toestimate the dimensions of mold and various other features. 2.1 Literature ReviewDesign of molds is another stage of the injection molding process where the experience of an engineer largely helps automate the process and increase its efficiency. The issue thatneeds attention is the time that goes into designing the molds. Often, design engineers refer to tables and standard handbooks while designing a mold, which consumes lot of time. Also, a great deal of time goes into modeling components of the mold in standard CAD software. Different researchers have dealt with the issue of reducing the time it takes to design the mold in different ways. Koelsch and James have employed group technology techniques to reduce the mold design time. A unique coding system that groups a class of injection molded parts, and the tooling required in injection molding is developed which is general and can be applied toother product lines.A software system to implement the coding system has also been developed. Attemptswere also directed towards the automation of the mold design process by capturing experience and knowledge of engineers in the field. The development of a concurrent mold design system is one such approach that attempts to develop a systematic methodology for injection mold design processes in a concurrent engineering environment. The objective of their research was to develop a mold development process that facilitates concurrent engineering-based practice, and to develop a knowledge-based design aid for injection molding mold design that accommodates manufacturability concerns, as well as product requirements.Researchers have been trying to automate the mold design process either by capturing only the deterministic information on the mold design process or the non-deterministic information, in various ways. This research uniquely attempts to develop a mold design application that captures information in both forms; deterministic and non-deterministic.2.2 Approach AdoptedIn order to develop an intelligent mold design tool, the conventional method of designing molds is studied. The application developer and the design engineer work together in designing a mold for a particular plastic part. During this time, the approach adopted by the engineer to select the mold base is closely observed and aspects of the selection process that require his knowledge/experience are identified. Also, there will be times when the engineer will refer to tables and handbooks in order to standardize his selection process. This time consuming process is also recorded to incorporate it later in the application.Formulating the problem for the application in terms of inputs and outputs is the nextstage. This involves defining what information about the mold layout is most required for the user and also the minimum number of inputs that can be taken from him to give those outputs.Based on the information gathered in the mold design exercise, the conventions followed by the engineer are transformed into if-then rules. Decision tables are used to account for all possible cases that arise when dealing with a particular aspect of the mold design process. The rules so framed are then organized into modules interacting with each other, using an application development environment. Finally the application is tested for its validity when it comes to designing molds for plastic parts manufactured in the industry.2.3 Selection of Appropriate Mold BaseTypically, selection of appropriate mold base for manufacturing a plastic part involvesEstimating the number of cavitiesThe number of cavities is decided depending on the number of parts required within a given time. There are also other issues like the plasticizing capacity of the machine, reject rate etc that affect the number of cavities to be present in the mold base.Deciding on the presence of inserts and their dimensionsInserts facilitate the reusability of the mold base and therefore help in reducing cost of manufacturing. When it comes to selecting the dimensions and the number, a decision is made depending on the reusability of existing old inserts and cost of ordering new ones.Determining the size and location of runnersThe runner size depends on the material being molded. Although there are other considerations material properties determines the channel size required for its flow. Location of runners mainly depends on the topology of runners being used. Though a circular runner system is always preferable, the branched runner system that avoids runner balancing is the one most widely used.Determining the diameter of sprueThe diameter of the sprue is decided based on the size of the mold, number of cavities, or the amount of plastic that is to be filled within a given time.Locating gatesPlastic enters the cavity at a point where it can uniformly fill the cavity. A gate can be located at any point on the perimeter of a circular cavity but has to enter at the midsection when it comes to filling rectangular cavities.Determining the size and location of water linesWater lines are located at standard distances form each other and from any wall in the mold. The convention is not to locate a waterline within one diameter range on the mold wall.Deciding mold dimensions based on above conclusionsBased on all the above decisions the approximate mold dimensions can be estimated and rounded off to the nearest catalog number. Considering all the above aspects before even modeling the mold base reduces the cost and time that go into redesigning.2.4 Formulation of the ProblemBased on issues that require human knowledge/experience, and aspects of mold designthat consume time referring to tables, data sheets etc. While most of the input, like the number of cavities, cavity image dimensions, cycle time are based on the client specifications, other input like the plasticizing capacity, shots per minute etc., can be obtained from the machine specifications. The output of the application contains mold dimensions and other information, which clearly helps in selecting the standard mold base from catalogs. 五分钟搞定5000字毕业论文外文翻译，你想要的工具都在这里!在科研过程中阅读翻译外文文献是一个非常重要的环节，许多领域高水平的文献都是外文文献，借鉴一些外文文献翻译的经验是非常必要的。由于特殊原因我翻译外文文献的时机比拟多，慢慢地就发现了外文文献翻译过程中的三大利器：Google“翻译频道、金山词霸完整版本和CNKI“翻译助手"。具体操作过程如下： 1.先翻开金山词霸自动取词功能，然后阅读文献； 2.遇到无法理解的长句时，可以交给Google处理，处理后的结果猛一看，不堪入目，可是经过大脑的再处理后句子的意思根本就明了了； 3.如果通过Google仍然无法理解，感觉就是不同，那肯定是对其中某个“常用单词理解有误，因为某些单词看似很简单，但是在文献中有特殊的意思，这时就可以通过CNKI的“翻译助手来查询相关单词的意思，由于CNKI的单词意思都是来源与大量的文献，所以它的吻合率很高。 另外，在翻译过程中最好以“段落或者“长句作为翻译的根本单位，这样才不会造成“只见树木，不见森林的误导。四大工具： 1、Google翻译： google，众所周知，谷歌里面的英文文献和资料还算是比拟详实的。我利用它是这样的。一方面可以用它查询英文论文，当然这方面的帖子很多，大家可以搜索，在此不赘述。回到我自己说的翻译上来。下面给大家举个例子来说明如何用吧比方说“电磁感应透明效应这个词汇你不知道他怎么翻译，首先你可以在CNKI里查中文的，根据它们的关键词中英文对照来做，一般比拟准确。 在此主要是说在google里怎么知道这个翻译意思。大家应该都有词典吧，按中国人的方法，把一个一个词分着查出来，敲到google里，你的这种翻译一般不太准，当然你需要验证是否准确了，这下看着吧，把你的那支离破碎的翻译在google里搜索，你能看到许多相关的文献或资料，大家都不是笨蛋，看看，也就能找到最精确的翻译了，纯西式的！我就是这么用的。 2、CNKI翻译： CNKI翻译助手，这个网站不需要介绍太多，可能有些人也知道的。主要说说它的有点，你进去看看就能发现：搜索的肯定是专业词汇，而且它翻译结果下面有文章与之对应因为它是CNKI检索提供的，它的翻译是从文献里抽出来的，很实用的一个网站。估计别的写文章的人不是傻子吧，它们的东西我们可以直接拿来用，当然省事了。网址告诉大家，有兴趣的进去看看，你们就会发现其乐无穷！还是很值得用的。 3、网路版金山词霸不到1M： 4、有道在线翻译：翻译时的速度：这里我谈的是电子版和打印版的翻译速度，按个人翻译速度看，打印版的快些，因为看电子版本一是费眼睛，二是如果我们用电脑，可能还经常时不时玩点游戏，或者整点别的，导致最终SPPEED变慢，再之电脑上一些词典金山词霸等在专业翻译方面也不是特别好，所以翻译效果不佳。在此本人建议大家购置清华大学编写的好似是国防工业出版社的那本?英汉科学技术词典?，根本上挺好用。再加上网站如：google CNKI翻译助手，这样我们的翻译速度会提高不少。具体翻译时的一些技巧主要是写论文和看论文方面 大家大概都应预先清楚明白自己专业方向的国内牛人，在这里我强烈建议大家仔细看完这些头上长角的人物的中英文文章，这对你在专业方向的英文和中文互译水平提高有很大帮助。 我们大家最蹩脚的实质上是写英文论文，而非看英文论文，但话说回来我们最终提高还是要从下大工夫看英文论文开始。提到会看，我想它是有窍门的，个人总结如下： 1、把不同方面的论文分夹存放，在看论文时，对论文必须做到看完后完全明白你重视的论文；懂得其某局部讲了什么你需要参考的局部论文，在看明白这些论文的情况下，我们大家还得紧接着做的工作就是把论文中你觉得非常巧妙的表达写下来，或者是你论文或许能用到的表达摘记本钱。这个本将是你以后的财富。你写论文时再也不会为了一些表达不符合西方表达模式而烦恼。你的论文也降低了被SCI或大牛刊物退稿的几率。不信，你可以试一试 2、把摘记的内容自己编写成检索，这个过程是我们对文章再回忆，而且是对你摘抄的经典妙笔进行梳理的重要阶段。你有了这个过程。写英文论文时，将会有一种信手拈来的感觉。许多文笔我们不需要自己再翻译了。当然前提是你梳理的非常细，而且中英文对照写的比拟详细。 3、最后一点就是我们往大成修炼的阶段了，万事不是说成的，它是做出来的。写英文论文也就像我们小学时开始学写作文一样，你不练笔是肯定写不出好作品来的。所以在此我鼓励大家有时尝试着把自己的论文强迫自己写成英文的，一遍不行，可以再修改。最起码到最后你会很满意。呵呵，我想我是这么觉得的。