英语：unit1《friendship》课件-grammar(新人教版必修1)讲解学习.ppt

英语：unit1friendship课件-grammar(新人教版必修1)直接引述别人的原话，直接引述别人的原话，叫叫直接引语直接引语。(直接引语直接引语一般一般 前后要加引号前后要加引号 ）The teacher said,“he is hard-working.”用自己的话转述别人的话，用自己的话转述别人的话，叫叫间接引语间接引语。(间接引语间接引语在多数情况构成宾语从句，在多数情况构成宾语从句，不用引号不用引号）。）。The teacher said that he was hard-working.Indirect speechDirect Speech Indirect speechDirect SpeechDiscovering useful structures:1.She said,“I wont go there any more.”She said she wouldnt come here any more.Find out the difference Find out the difference between direct speech between direct speech and indirect speech.and indirect speech.2.He said,“This will be finished tomorrow.”He said that would be finished the next day.3.Paul said,“I visited China last year.”Paul said he had visited China the year before.4.“I am very glad to visit your school”,she said.She said she was very glad to visit our school.5.He said，“I havent heard from my parents these days.”He said that he hadnt heard from his parents those days.一一.陈述句陈述句（Statements）直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导。从句的人、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。1）人称的变化 他说：“我我非常喜欢它。”他说他他非常喜欢它。2）时态的变化 如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应的变化。如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。He said，“I like it very much.”He said that he liked it very much.直接引语转换为间接引语时人称代词转换规律直接引语转换为间接引语时人称代词转换规律 He said to Tom,“I can help them.”He said to Tom that he could help them.He said to her,“You can help them.”He told her that she could help them.He said to Tom,“They can help them.”He told Tom that they could help them.一从主：一从主：二从宾：二从宾：三不变：三不变：3）指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化）指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化间接引语间接引语直接引语直接引语She said that she would go there that evening.She said,“Ill come here this evening.”Come-goHe said that his sister had been there one week before.He said,“My sister was here one week ago.”Here-thereShe told me that he had left 30 minutes before.She said,“He leftt 30 minutes ago.”Ago-beforeShe said that she would go there the next day.She said,“Ill go there tomorrow.”Tomorrow-the next dayShe said that she had gone there the day before.She said,“I went there yesterday.”Yesterday-the day beforeHE said that he hadnt seen her that day.He said,“I havent seen her today.”Today-that dayHe said that it was nine oclock then.He said,“Its nine oclock now.”Now-thenHe said that those books were his.He said,“These books are mine.”These-thoseShe said that she would finish the work that morning.She said,“Ill finish the work this morning.”This-that例例 句句直接引语转化间接引语直接引语转化间接引语时的变化时的变化时态的变化时态的变化间接引语间接引语直接引语直接引语She said that she would do it after class.She said，“Ill do it after class.”一般将来时一般将来时-过过去将来时去将来时He said that he had finished the homework before supper.He said，“I had finished my homework before supper.”过去完成时过去完成时 不不变变He said that he had come to help me.He said，“I came to help you.”一般过去时一般过去时-过过去完成时去完成时She said that she had not heard from him since May.She said，“Ive not heard from him since May.”现在完成时现在完成时-过过去完成时去完成时He said that he was using the knife.He said，“Im using the knife.”现在进行时现在进行时-过过去进行时去进行时He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish the work.He said，“Im afraid I cant finish the work.”一般现在时一般现在时 一一般过去时般过去时列列 句句直接引语转换成间接引语直接引语转换成间接引语时的时态变化时的时态变化直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略）从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等都要作相应的变化。注意注意：（1）直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态）直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态 不变。如：不变。如：He said,“Light travels much faster than sound.”He said that light travels much faster than sound.“A friend in need is a friend indeed,”Mother said to me.Mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(2)如果在如果在当地当地转述，转述，here不必改为不必改为there，动词，动词come 不不必改为必改为go。如果在。如果在当天当天转述，转述，yesterdaytomorrow等时等时间状语也不必改变。间状语也不必改变。陈述句：陈述句：引语前用引语前用thatthat引导引导,有时也可以不用。有时也可以不用。1 He said,“I opened the window this morning.”He said that he opened the window that morning.2 My sister said,“We have cleaned the floor.”My sister said that they had cleaned the floor.3 The manager said to me,“You must go there next week.”The manager told me that I had to go there the next week.4 The girl said,“I can do my homework myself.”The girl said that she could do her homework herself.如直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。5 The teacher said in class,“The moon moves around the earth.”The teacher said in class that the moon moves around the earth.陈述句直接引语变间接引语的结构：陈述句直接引语变间接引语的结构：A said thatA told B thatThe girl said that she could do her homework herself.The manager told me that I had to go there the next week.2.2.疑问句疑问句直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要吧疑问句语直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要吧疑问句语序改为陈述语序。句末用句号，主语的人称、时态和状语序改为陈述语序。句末用句号，主语的人称、时态和状语等也要作相应地变化。等也要作相应地变化。1）一般疑问句：直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引）一般疑问句：直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词语时，要用连词whether或或if引导。主句中的谓语动词是引导。主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为时，要改为asked，没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语，没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语（me，him，her，us ect）。）。（1）He said，“are you interested in English？”He asked me if I was interested in English.（2）He said，“Did you see him last night？”He asked me whether I had seen him the night before。2.2.疑问句疑问句直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要吧疑问句语直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要吧疑问句语序改为陈述语序。句末用句号，主语的人称、时态和状语序改为陈述语序。句末用句号，主语的人称、时态和状语等也要作相应地变化。等也要作相应地变化。2）特殊疑问句：直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接）特殊疑问句：直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，任用原来的疑问词引导。引语时，任用原来的疑问词引导。“What can I do for you？”he asked me.He asked me what he could do for me.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：变为间接引语后，要用变为间接引语后，要用陈述语序陈述语序（主语先写主语先写）用用if if 或或whetherwhether引导。时态等作相应引导。时态等作相应变化变化。1 He asked,“Can you hear me?”He asked if/whether I could hear him.2 The teacher asked,“Have you read this book,Bob?”The teacher asked Bob if/whether he had read that book.3 She said to me,“Will you go there with me?”She asked me if/whether I would go there with her.4 She asked,“Did you see the film yesterday,Peter?”She asked Peter if/whether he had seen the film the day before.5“Are you leaving today or tomorrow?”Joan asked Kate.Joan asked Kate if/whether she was leaving that day or the next day.一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语的结构：一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语的结构：A asked if/whetherA asked B if whetherHe asked if/whether I could hear him.The teacher asked Bob if/whether he had read that book.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：变为间接引语后，变为间接引语后，仍仍用用原来原来的的疑问词引导疑问词引导，用，用陈述陈述语序。语序。时态等作相应时态等作相应变化变化。1 When did they build this bridge?”She asked.She asked when they built that bridge.2 The teacher asked her,“Why did you come late?”The teacher asked her why she came late.3 Robert asked Alice,“Where is my dictionary?”Robert asked Alice where his dictionary was.4 Mrs.Bill asked him,“Which book do you like best?”Mrs.Bill asked him which book he liked best.特殊疑问句直接引语变间接引语的结构：特殊疑问句直接引语变间接引语的结构：A asked+原句疑问词原句疑问词A asked B+原句疑问词原句疑问词She asked when they built that bridge.Mrs.Bill asked him which book he liked best.请用第三人称转述这封信请用第三人称转述这封信1.My mother said,“I will buy you a new coat tomorrow.”2.Tom said,“What are you doing at this moment with your sister?”3.She said,“Have you finished your homework?”4.The teacher said,“Dont touch this instrument without my permission.”5.She said,“Did you come here five minutes ago for your bike?”1.My mother said that she would buy me a new coat the next day.2.Tom asked what I was doing at that moment with my sister.3.She asked if I had finished my homework.4.The teacher told us not to touch that instrument without her permission.5.She asked me whether I had gone there five minutes before for my bike.Keys for the letter:In Italy we celebrate the Mothers day on the 2nd Sunday of May,thats why students dont go to school and adults are not at work.Sons and daughters usually give their mother a little present like flowers,chocolates or a piece of costume jewelry.Elisabetta from ItalyIndirect Speech:用自己的话用自己的话转述转述别人所说的内容。通常以别人所说的内容。通常以宾语从句宾语从句的形的形式出现。当直接引语变为间接引语时，有关的式出现。当直接引语变为间接引语时，有关的人称、语人称、语序、时态、代词、时间状语、地点状语、和少数动词序、时态、代词、时间状语、地点状语、和少数动词都都要作相应的要作相应的改变改变。时态的变化：时态的变化：直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语一般现在时一般现在时现在进行时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时或不变过去完成时或不变过去将来时过去将来时代词、时间状语、地点状语和少数动词代词、时间状语、地点状语和少数动词直直 接接间间 接接thisthatthesethoseheretherenowthencomegobringtakecancouldmaymightmusthad to 直直 接接 间间 接接three years agothree years beforelast yearthe year beforelast weekthe week beforethis yearthat yearnext weekthe next weeknext yearthe following yeartodaythat dayyesterdaythe day beforetomorrowThe next daythe following day 间接引语(宾语从句宾语从句)宾语从句三要素，引导词、语序、时态。引导词分为三情况，陈述句的that可省略，一般问句要用if或whether，碰到特殊疑问句，疑问词用来担此任。语序总体为主谓，疑问词从句作主语，语序不必去改变。从句时态主句定，如果主句为过去，从句相应作改变，客观真理仍现在。总之，直接引语改间接引语分总之，直接引语改间接引语分两种两种情况：情况：一）去掉引号后，事实上是一个一）去掉引号后，事实上是一个含宾语从句含宾语从句的主从复合句。即：的主从复合句。即：主语主语+谓语谓语+引导词（引导词（that/whether,if/wh-）+作宾语的句子作宾语的句子此用法中要注意此用法中要注意3点：点：1。选用正确的。选用正确的引导词引导词。（陈述句（陈述句/一般疑问句一般疑问句/特殊疑问句分别由什么词来引导？）特殊疑问句分别由什么词来引导？）2。陈述语序陈述语序，即主语先写。，即主语先写。（注意人称变化：（注意人称变化：主主宾宾不变不变）3。与主句相呼应的。与主句相呼应的时态时态。即：主句。即：主句（过去过去时）时）+从句从句（相应的（相应的过去时过去时）主句主句（现在（现在/现在现在完成时）完成时）+从句从句（不变不变）其他注意：其他注意：1）时态）时态不需要呼应不需要呼应的情况（客观真理的情况（客观真理/经常的习惯经常的习惯/历历史事件史事件/部分情态动词部分情态动词must/ought to/used to/had better等）等）2)同时，同地转述，有些时间如同时，同地转述，有些时间如today，地点，地点here等状语等状语不需改变不需改变。Thank you,Bye-bye!电子元器件采购网 http:/ nih27qfi 膳不说，还把天仙妹妹的处治权也交给了她，办完这两件事情用了差不多小半个时辰。淑清姐姐敢说她来晚了是因为伺候爷？说假话连眼皮子都不带眨壹下子，真是不把她这个福晋放在眼里。惜月壹听这个消息，脸面壹下子就挂不住了。爷已经有两个多月没有理会过她们这些后院诸人，第壹个去的竟然又是烟雨园！李姐姐真的就有那么好？模样嘛，以前虽然独占鳌头，可现在有年妹妹做对比，谁还敢说自己是这王府里最美的诸人？性情？可是比自己差远了，整天就知道拈酸吃醋，哪里有自己这么百般花样地讨爷开心？不就是仗着有三阿哥嘛！以为就你会生儿子？现在笑得还是太早了吧。宋格格听到淑清的这番明为道歉实为炫耀的话，第壹个反应就是可笑至极，原本在心里笑笑就行了，可是，实在是太好笑了，忍了半天仍然是没有忍住，最终咯咯咯地笑出了声！宋格格从来就是壹个不管不顾的人，她哈哈大笑的时候多了去了，众人已经习以为常，特别是现在，在淑清这番此地无银三百两的炫耀之后的哈哈大笑，确实是别有壹番寓意。而且她的笑，笑出了众人的心声，无不觉得春枝姐姐实实在 在地替大家出了胸中的壹口恶气。其实宋春枝的笑，也没有众人心中的那么多弯弯绕，她只是觉得这个淑清也太不知道天高地厚了！这么大壹把年纪的人，还跟壹帮模样比她漂亮、性情比她活泼开朗的小娃娃们争风吃醋，真是不识实务！等将来哪天这府里变了天，爷宠上别的诸人，看她还敢不敢这么耀武扬威！不说别人，光是那个年妹妹就够她受的，又年轻又漂亮，还有学问，娘家更是了得，你李淑清哪壹点比得上人家？待春枝姐姐笑够了，淑清姐姐炫耀够了，惜月妹妹的气也生够了，雅思琦这才开口道：“大家都踏实下心来吧。伺候好爷是咱们所有姐妹们的本分，只有把爷伺候好了，爷的心气顺了，大家才能太太平平地过好日子。至于怎么伺候爷，我今天还要再多哆嗦两句。想得太多了不好，爷是公平的人，不会偏着谁短着谁；但是想太少了也不好，不要忘记了作为诸人的本分！”雅思琦的这番话，壹方面是说给淑清和惜月她们，别为了爷不择手段；另壹方面是说给冰凝，别不把爷当回事儿！众人前半句话都听明白了，不过是不要因为争风吃醋闹得连爷都不好好服侍，那可就是大事情了；但是对于后半句话，众人就是糊里糊涂，云里雾里了。想太少？谁不是巴不得爷天天都在自己的院子里，谁能想得太少？“好了，大家都回去吧，别忘记我刚才说的话就行。对了，冰凝妹妹，你再留下来壹会儿，我还有点儿事情要跟你说。”第壹卷 第115章 家法在众人诧异的目光注视下，冰凝如坐针毡地挨过了那段众人纷纷起身告退的场面，有的人面含同情之意，有些人则是难掩奚落之色。好此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢