英语分词语法讲课稿.ppt

英语分词语法现在分词和过去分词的区别：现在分词和过去分词的区别：（1）在意义上，现在分词通常表示）在意义上，现在分词通常表示“正在进行正在进行”；过去分词表示；过去分词表示“已经完成已经完成”the developing countries the developed countries(2)在语态上，现在分词通常表示主动，过去分在语态上，现在分词通常表示主动，过去分词则表示被动。词则表示被动。the ruling classthe ruled class分词的基本用法分词的基本用法 分词除去在谓语中构成进行时态和被动语分词除去在谓语中构成进行时态和被动语态外，还因其具有形容词和副词的特征，态外，还因其具有形容词和副词的特征，在句中可作表语、定语、宾补、状语，还在句中可作表语、定语、宾补、状语，还可以与其逻辑主语一道构成分词独立主格可以与其逻辑主语一道构成分词独立主格结构，充当句子状语。结构，充当句子状语。（1）作表语）作表语The news is exciting.He is exited.最常用的作表语的现在分词有：最常用的作表语的现在分词有：amusing,annoying,astonishing,charming,confusing,disappointing,encouraging,shocking,etc.最常用的作表语的过去分词有：最常用的作表语的过去分词有：amazed,amused,astonished,confused,delighted,disappointed,discouraged 说明：现在分词作表语与进行时态的区别说明：现在分词作表语与进行时态的区别方法：看是否能用方法：看是否能用very修饰。修饰。e.g.We are moving into the new house tomorrow.The book is(very)moving.过去分词作表语与被动结构的区别：过去分词作表语，表示主语的特征及状态，而被动结构只表示动作。e.g.The door is locked.The door was locked by me.说明：with,at 等介词多用于表语结构，by多用于被动结构。（2）作定语前置定语：A.现在分词作前置定语，表示所修饰名词所做的动作，相当于一个定语从句。e.g.running water=water that is runninga developing country=a country that is developingB.过去分词作前置定语时，表示被动意义或完成意义e.g.an injured man=a man who was injured a wounded soldier=a soldier who was wounded再举例如下：an escaped prisoner(逃犯)，faded flowers(凋谢的花朵)，a retired worker,etc.(3)作宾补作宾补I saw her working.上句的宾语与宾补有逻辑上的主谓关系，上句的宾语与宾补有逻辑上的主谓关系，即，即，I saw her,she was working.I saw him beaten black and blue.上句的过去分词宾补与宾语有逻辑上的动上句的过去分词宾补与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。即，宾关系。即，When I saw him,he was beaten black and blue.说明：说明：see,watch,hear,feel,notice等动等动词后的宾语，既可以用不定式作补语又可词后的宾语，既可以用不定式作补语又可以用现在分词作补语，区别在于：现在分以用现在分词作补语，区别在于：现在分词表示当时正在发生，不定式表示整个已词表示当时正在发生，不定式表示整个已经结束了的过程，试比较：经结束了的过程，试比较：I saw her working.=When I saw her,she was working.I saw her work.=When she worked,I saw her.(4)作状语作时间状语：现在分词作时间状语：e.g.Seeing the picture,he couldnt help thinking of her.Having finished their homework,they went to the library.可以用when或while直接加在现在分词前，以强调分词动作和谓语动词的同时性。e.g.Be careful when crossing the street.Dont talk while eating.过去分词作时间状语：过去分词作时间状语：e.g.Heated,ice changes into water.(=When ice is heated,)作原因状语作原因状语现在分词作原因状语：现在分词作原因状语：e.g.Being sick,I stayed at home.过去分词作原因状语：过去分词作原因状语：e.g.Depressed,he did not go to the party with others.作条件状语作条件状语现在分词作条件状语现在分词作条件状语e.g.Working hard,you can pass the exam.过去分词做条件状语过去分词做条件状语e.g.United,we stand;divided,we fall.团结则存，分裂则亡。团结则存，分裂则亡。Given good weather,our ship will reach New York on Monday evening.如果天气好，我们的船周一就可以到如果天气好，我们的船周一就可以到 纽约。纽约。分词作结果状语分词作结果状语e.g.The child fell,hurting his head.The student cheated in the exam,only making things worse.分词作方式状语，表示伴随分词作方式状语，表示伴随e.g.He sat in the armchair,reading the book.She went away,disppointed.作独立主格结构作独立主格结构从上述分词作状语的情况不难看出，分词从上述分词作状语的情况不难看出，分词短语的逻辑主语一般与句子主语相同。如短语的逻辑主语一般与句子主语相同。如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，而又不列出分词的逻辑主语时，便会形成而又不列出分词的逻辑主语时，便会形成悬垂分词的语法错误。悬垂分词的语法错误。当分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，当分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，要想不构成语法错误，就需要加上分词自要想不构成语法错误，就需要加上分词自己的逻辑主语，即：己的逻辑主语，即：名词或代词名词或代词+分词短语分词短语，这种结构称作这种结构称作分词独立主格分词独立主格，可在句子中，可在句子中作时间、原因，条件、伴随状语作时间、原因，条件、伴随状语等。等。e.g.The meeting being over,he hurried home.(时间时间)His leg badly hurt,he had to stay at home.（原因）（原因）Weather permitting,well go picnicking.（条件）（条件）He sat silently,his head bending.（伴（伴随状态）随状态）独立主格有时用介词独立主格有时用介词with引出引出 e.g.He fell asleep with the candle burning.分词的否定式：在否定副词后边加分词即分词的否定式：在否定副词后边加分词即可构成分词的否定结构。可构成分词的否定结构。e.g.Not knowing who he was,she refused to let him in.Not having finished his homework,he remained in the classroom.Exercises1)I heard them _ a party in the flat above last night.A.have B.having C.had D.to have2)I caught him _ to steal the car.A.to try B.try C.trying D.tried3)It is foolish _ you to believe him.A.for B.of C.to D.aboutACB4)_ his letter,I did not know what it was about.A.Having not seen B.Seeing not C.Not having seen D.Not seeing5)The other typist _ ill,I had to do two typists work.A.was B.being C.was being D.had beenCB6)_ the bad news,Tom rang up Alice.A.Having heard B.Hearing C.Had heard D.Heard7)I prefer to stay at home rather than _shopping.A.to go B.go C.going D.to be going8)I remember _ the novel to him,but he asked me for it this morning.A.to return B.to be returned C.returningD.being returnedABC9)The floor doesnt look so bad when _ clean.A.sweeping B.to sweep C.swept D.having swept10)_,the metal expands.A.Heating B.Heated C.To heat D.Having heated11)_ from the plane,the clouds below are just like cotton.A.Seeing B.Having seen C.Seen D.Being seenCBC12)This _,we went to the dormitry.A.done B.did C.being done D.had been done13)My bike _,I have to go to school on foot now.A.repaired B.being repaired C.repairing D.to repairAB此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢