2012年高考江苏卷作文题.docx
遣词造句拓展句子段落由句子组成。可有时候，学生作文的字数达不到题目要求。其主要原因有三：其一，江苏等省市高考试卷提高了对英语作文的词数要求，达到150个左右；其二，部分省市高考试卷书面表达部分命题采用开放性作文，部分考生在发表自己的观点和看法时，觉得无话可说。其三，英语作文提示中文字表述部分减少，多由图表、图画等所代替，所给出的已知信息过少。在这种情况下，学生要学会通过拓展句子，来“没话找话说”，使作文的内容更加丰富，篇章长度满足要求。先看一下2006年高考天津卷作文：假设你是李华，在出国交流学习期间，到当地一家电影院看了一场精彩的电影，但在观影过程中发现了一些问题。请你根据下列提示用英语给影院经理写一封信（100字左右）。1. 因广告过多，影片放映晚点； 2. 影片播放音量过大； 3. 安全出口标识不明。 作文的提示信息只有短短的三句话，而考生需要基于这三句话写成一篇100字的英语作文，难度是有点大。但是，如果分析一下这三句话，就发现它们都有一点“话说了半句，就打住”的感觉，我们可以顺着它的意思往下说，假设出这三个问题可能引起的后果，学生可以自问自答下面三个问题：Q1: The film was delayed. How did the audience react to it?Q2. What harm did the loud sound of the film cause to the audience?Q3. The exit is not clear enough. What would happen if there were a fire?通过上面三个问题，就可以把作文提示中的三句话，拓展成下面的七句话（其中加下划线的句子为拓展的结果）：1.Because of too many ads at the beginning, the film was delayed, which made the audience impatient and even annoyed.2.The sound of the film was very loud, which made the audience feel uncomfortable and could even cause damage to their hearing.3.The exit is not clear enough. There is potential danger. If there were a fire, the audience would have troulbe finding the way out.除了拓展因果之外，我们还可以拓展条件、目的或补充其他相关的信息。例如2011年高考天津卷作文题：假设你是晨光中学学生会主席李华。你校将于6月26日接待来自于美国某中学的学生访问团。你受学校委托，负责安排在津的一日活动。请根据以下提示，用英语给该团的领队Smith 先生写一封电子邮件，介绍活动计划并简要说明理由，最后征求对方意见。1.上午与我校学生座谈；2.中午与我校学生共同进餐；3.下午与我校学生游览海河。用同样的方法，考生可以问自己下面这些问题，来拓展句子：Q1: American students will have a talk with Chinese students. Whats its purpose?Q2. American students will have lunch in the school canteen. What Chinese traditional food will be served?Q3: In the afternoon, American students will visit the Haihe River. What can the students in Tianjin tell about the river?通过拓展目的、补充相关信息等手段，我们可以作文提示中的短短三句话，拓展成下面六句话（加下划线的句子为被拓展的部分）：1. In order to have a better understanding of each other, well have a talk in the morning.2. We will have lunch together in the school dining hall, where the traditional Chinese food such as jiaozi will be served.3. In the afternoon, we will visit the Haihe River, which is the seventh longest river in China with fantastic scenery.考生在拓展句子时，要从实际需要出发，不要信口开河，否则造成由于文章整体词数过多而被扣分；要从现有的信息出发，不要凭空捏造，否则容易给评卷老师留下“该说的不说，不该说的写得过多”的不良影响。2012年高考江苏卷作文题：生活中冲突时有发生。假设你班同学苏华和李江打篮球时发生争执，导致关系紧张。请你结合此事，并根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文，向学校英文报Happy Teens冶专栏投稿。简要描述事情的经过打篮球、碰撞、争执，等等。分析发生冲突的原因1遇事不够冷静；2谈谈避免冲突的做法请考生根据自己的经历或感想，提出至少两种做法。根据作文题目要求，作文第二段要分析产生冲突发生的原因，是本篇作文的难点所在，许多考生怎么也理不出个头绪。但要是分析一下题目要求中已经给出的第一个原因“遇事不够冷静”，就可以得知，这是从“个人情感控制能力的高低”这方面去分析的。这样，我们就找到了切入口，还可以从对剧烈体育运动理解程度的高低、个人思想境界的高低、处理冲突方式的好坏和对比赛输赢认识程度的高低等其他几个方面去分析，从而把这个大话题分解成以下几个小问题：Q1: Did they understand basketball is a tough game where pushing and bumping are very common?Q2: Did they care too much about winning and losing?Q3: Were they too self-centered? Were they considerate enough?Q4: Were they calm enough when the conflict happened?Q5: Did they handle the conflict wisely after it happened?把这五个问题的答案用过渡语一连接，就成了一段不错的语篇：The conflict arose from the following factors. First, they didnt understand basketball is a tough game where pushing and bumping are very common. Second, they cared too much about winning and losing. Third, they were too self-centered and not considerate enough. Fourth, they were not calm enough to handle the conflict in a wise way when the conflict happened.在开放式作文中的应用近几年，高考作文命题逐渐体现开放性作文的大方向，主题力求贴近学生的生活实际，贴近时代的脉搏。提示信息越来越少，提示方式越来越灵活，发挥的空间也越来越大，需要考生说出真情实感。这对语篇的构思提出了更高的要求。例如2012年浙江卷的作文题：你校正在进行“英语读书周”活动，该活动要求学生摘录名言佳句并相互交流。以下是某同学摘录的句子：Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you。请按下列要求用英语写一篇短文：1针对摘录句谈谈你的看法；2举例说明理由。这篇作文有两个段落组成，第一段谈考生对被摘录句子的理解；第二段是距离书面理由。在第一段中，如何才能将这一句话发展成一个段落呢？这让许多考生犯了难。如果懂得运用“目标分析法”，那么问题就迎刃而解了。首先，找出构成这个句子中的主要基本元素是什么？Basic elementsanalysisYour future Many things Mostly on you 在找出表格中的三个主要元素之后，再逐一对它们加以分析。Q1: What is your future about?(to be successful; to realize my dream; to reach a goal; to be famous; to make great contributions to society, etc.)Q2. Your future is affected by many factors. What are they?(They include great help from other, good opportunities, in-born talent; a good health; good education, etc.)Q3: Of all the factors, which one is the most important? And why?(The most important one is our hard work, strong determination, perseverance, positive attitude, etc.)在分析了上面上个小问题之后，一个段落的主要内容就跃然纸上了。Can we achieve great success in the future? Well, it is determined by many things, such as great help from other, good opportunities, in-born talent, a good health, good education. However, of all these factors, our strong determination, , positive attitude hard work play a more important role in realizing our dream.
