2023年高考英语复习完形填空满分考点3 瞻前顾后揣摩语境 --讲考点-胸有成竹（教师版）.docx

考点3 nt前腰后指摩语境.讲考点/有成竹考点3瞻前顾后揣摩语境【2023年高考命题预测】完形填空瞻前顾后揣摩语境考点是高考中的必考点。瞻前顾后揣摩语境考点是完形填空的重要命题手 段，每年高考都考。预测在2023高考中，瞻前顾后揣摩语境会在完形填空试题中呈现。完形填空瞻前顾后揣摩语境考点指南】规律方法：完形填空技巧之瞻前顾后揣摩语境利用语境选词旨在考查考生在语境中熟练运用所学语言的实践技能。完形填空的每一个空白的设置并 不是随心所欲的，命题人主要通过上下文暗示出某种信息来保证答案的正确性和唯一性，因此考生应该通 过上下文的暗示获取解题信息，因此做完形填空题时一定要“瞻前顾后，前引后联”，充分利用文章所有可 能提供的信息解题。在做题时考生还可以利用褒贬性语境及一些语言结构来判定正确答案。任何完形填空 文章的语境都具有一定的褒贬性，它反映了作者或主人公特定的情绪状态，并支撑着文意的开展，因此利 用褒贬性语境的情感性可以巧妙进行完形填空信息推断。所以考生要在读懂原文、掌握大意的基础上，选 语气与文章一致的选项。通过“顾后信息”解题众所周知，完形填空的命题不是“天马行空”，更不是“独来独往。所以正确领会和下文情节的开展发 生这样或那样的关系，这就成为寻找正确项的根据。因此，考生需要“顾及”空后的相关信息，从而做出正 确的选择。典例Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains. They reached the ton 21 , but on their way back conditions were very 22 (difficult). Joe fell and broke his leg. They both knew that if Simon 23 (continued) alone, he would probably get back 24 (safely).21. A. hurriedlyB. carefullyC. successfullyD. early陪IJ析从空后信息寻找解题根据是完形填空题中最常用的解题方法之一。该题空前谈到他们登山，特 别是空后谈到他们返回，只有他们成功地到达山顶才有返回的可能。另外考生需要注意，利用空后信息解 题通常指偏靠前面的题目。答案C通过“瞻前信息”解题这种情况多出现在文章展开之后，这时前文已经含有丰富的语境信息，设空和前文有逻辑或语境的联 系，这样空前的信息就成为解题的根据。解题时一定要善于捕捉这些重要的信息，以到达解题的目的。典例2016全国 I Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man 56 (backed off) and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the 57 if he was needed or 58 (free) to go. They let him and the other man go.57. A. womanB policeC manD. driver剖析在完形填空的解题中，运用空前信息解题是最常用的解题方法之一。从上文“Once fire and emergency people arrived”可知警察赶到现场。答案B考例分析：1.12022新高考 T My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.Some of our 21 are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little.21. A. ideasB. jokesC. memoriesD. discoveries21. C考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的一些记忆很有趣，尤其是在早些年我们的孩子很小的时候。A. ideas 想法；B. jokes 笑话；C. memories 记忆；D. discoveries 发现。根据上文“have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years”以及下文“especially from the early years when our children were little”可推知，此处指作 者认为自己与家人一起冒险的一些记忆是有趣的。应选C。2. 2022新高考 I I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was 24、and his crying let the whole campground know it.24. A. unhurtB. unfortunateC. uncomfortableD. unafraid24.C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很不舒服，他的哭声让整个营地都知道了这一点。A. unhurt未受伤 的；B. unfortunate 不幸的；C. uncomfortable 不舒服的；D. unafraid 无所畏惧的。根据上文“I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.”以及下文“his crying let the whole campground know it”可推知,止匕处指 孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒服，所以才会哭。应选C。3. 2022 年新高考全国 II 卷】Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this 25-year-old is doing it 21. She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world,stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore.21. A. indoors B. onlineC. single-handed D. full-time21.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与他们中的大多数人不同，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。A. indoors 室内；B. online 在线的；C. single-handed 单手的；D. full-time 全职的。根据后文“She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapor已（在过去的两年 里，她和她的丈夫周游世界，从巴黎到新加坡都在这里停留户可知，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。 应选Do4. 2022 年新高考全国 II 卷】Throughout their no-cost stays in 25 homes, they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner's 26.25. A. strangers9B. parents5C. co-workers5D. neighbors'A. favorB. defenseC. honorD. absence25 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、 给植物浇水。A. strangers'陌生人的；B. parents'父母的；C.co-workers'同事的；D. neighbors'邻居的。根据 上文可知他们在环球旅行，所以是住在陌生人的家里。应选A。26 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、 给植物浇水。A. favor 帮助；B. defense 防御；C. honor 荣誉；D. absence 缺席。根据上文"they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner's”指在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。应选D。27 2022 年新高考全国 II 卷】But house sitting also offers a level of 29 they can't find in a hotel. "It's like staying at a friend house J Jessica says.29. A. support B. comfortC. controlD. attention29.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。A. support支持；B. comfort舒适，抚慰；C.control控制；D. attention注意力。结合后文提到像住在朋友家，可见照看房子也 能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。应选B。【试题精练】1 .【河北省保定市 2021-2022 学年高三上学期期末】Steve Chu, the restaurants owner, read the e-mail and quickly 24 with an alternative suggestion.24. A. replied B. declinedC. commented D. declared【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：餐馆的主人Steve Chu读了这封邮件，快速地回复了另一个替代性的 建议。A. replied回复；B. declined减少，下降；C. commented评论；D. declared宣布，宣称。根据前文“read the e-mail”可知，收到邮件，读完邮件后，应回复邮件，应选A。2.【八省市（湖北省，广东省等）2021-2022学年高三上学期第一次联考】As we progressed to high school, a couple of girls 43and a couple of new ones wormed their way in.43. A. dropped out B. dropped inC. showed up D. showed off【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我们升入高中时。有儿个女生退出了，又有几个女生加入进来。 A. dropped out 退学，退出；B. dropped in 顺道来访；C. showed up 出现；D. showed off 炫耀。根据后文“a couple of new ones wormed their way in （又有几个新家伙加入进来了）可知，有些人退出，而有些人加入, 应选Ao3.【广东省普通高中2021-2022学年高三上学期12月联合质量测评）To Williams, the solution was simple: Give kids books. In 2017, as part of a civic event called Engage Dan-ville, she donated 900 used children's books over three days. Most people would be 26 with that. “I was like, "Anybody could do that,'" she said. “I wanted to do something thafs going to stretch my faith, my work ethic, my everything.26. A. satisfied B. strictC. familiarD. honest【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大多数人都会对此感到满意。A. satisfied满意的；B. strict严格的； C.familiar熟悉的；D.honest老实的。根据前文可知，她在三天内捐赠了 900本书，大局部人都会对此行 动感动满意的。应选A。4.【福建省“永安一中、德化一中”两校2020-2021学年高中毕业班联考】Night fell. Falter returned home, teary-eyed and 21 The 33-year-old professional photographer had justrun from one end of HawaiVs Waimea Bay, to the other, looking for his “baby"，a custom-made blue surfboard.21. A. puzzled B. exhaustedC. refreshedD. scared【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Falter回到家里，泪眼婆娑，筋疲力尽。A. puzzled迷惑的；B. exhausted 筋疲力尽的；C. refreshed 焕然一新的；D. scared 害怕的。根据下文“just run from one end of Hawaii9s Waimea Bay, to the other”可知，Falter从夏威夷的这一端跑到另一端，他跑得筋疲力尽了。应选B。5.【广东省肇庆市2021-2022学年高三上学期第二次模拟】It's the textbook beginning of a nightmare:lost on a hiking track, with no water, and an injured dog too heavy to carry. 21, for the family of three this story happened to, they 22 a kind-hearted boy.21. A. OriginallyB. ObviouslyC. ActuallyD. FortunatelyA. crashed intoB. ran intoC. consulted with D. spoke with【答案】D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，对于这个故事发生的三口之家来说，他们偶然碰见了一个 善良的男孩。A. Originally原来;B.Obviously显然;C. Actually实际上;D. Fortunately幸运地。根据前 文的"It's the textbook beginning of a nightmare:lost on a hiking track, with no water, and an injured dog too heavy to carry.（这是一场噩梦的教科书式开始：在没有水的徒步轨道上迷路，一只受伤的狗太重而无法携 带）”可知，两人一狗在陷入困境的时候，遇到了帮助他们的人是一件幸运的事。应选D。【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：幸运的是，对于这个故事发生的三口之家来说，他们偶然碰见了一个 善良的男孩。A. crashed into 闯入；B.ran into 偶然碰见;C. consulted with 商量；D.spoke with 和谈话。根据下文第三段第二句"That's when they met 12-year-old David King and his mom Christine.（就在那时，他 们遇到了 12岁的David King和他的妈妈Christine） ”可知，他们遇上了 Davido应选B。