必刷卷02022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷（全国卷）（含答案解析）.docx

绝密启用前2022年高考英语考前信息必刷卷01全国卷地区专用在高考语法填空试题中，经常会出现比较复杂的长难句，如果句子结构分析不当，就会直接影响对考点 的判断，进而影响答题。一般可通过以下步骤提取主干：首先要断句，即找标点、找连接词；然后进行简化，去掉非核心成分（各 种插入语、从句、定语、状语、同位语等）；最后留下主干（主谓、主谓宾、主系表、主谓双宾或主谓宾宾 补）。只有抓住句子主干，才能巧妙避开设题陷阱。动词是历年高考的必考点，也是英语学习的薄弱环节。究其原因，很多考生缺乏时态、语态和主谓一致 意识，且近年来高考越来越倾向于通过增加句子的复杂程度来考查考生对谓语动词的掌握情况，因此备考 时动词仍是重中之重。V/（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡 皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡 上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每 段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C。with the other scholarship recipients from around the Bay Area. Flying, especially for first-timers like Kate, is a hands-on process involving lots of checklists to make sure the important tasks are being taken care of.Now, having finished the program and earned her PPL, Kate plans on training as a flight instructor and hopes to become an airline pilot in her future.She credits the Upwind Scholarship with all she's been able to accomplish so far and hopes that anyone who shares her passion will look into it." It is a very hard program to get into, and you have to be truly interested in flight/* Kate said/' It can't be something like 'Oh, why don*t I try flying this summer?' You have to be ready to do a lot of work and put in effort in order to succeed in the program.nWhat does the underlined word" that'1 in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. Her skill of building model airplanes.B. Her wish to take flights around the world.C. Her childhood dream of becoming a pilot.D. Her desire to fly remote-controlled airplanes.【答案】C【解析】词义猜测题。that作为指示代词，一般指代上文提到的内容。根据上文Kate has always considered flying a plane one of her passions可知，凯特一直将驾驶飞机视为自己强烈的爱好，由此可知，that指“她小 时候想成为一名飞行员的梦想”，与下一段第一句中的it was an extraordinary opportunity to realize her dream 相呼应。故选C项。24. What is the goal of the Upwind Scholarship?A. To help students in need to achieve their dreams.B. To provide necessary training for private pilots for free.C. To give students expert advice on earning a scholarship.D. To prepare high school students to become a private pilot.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句 The programapos;s mission is to provide all the training necessary to obtain a private pilot license (PPL) for students in between their junior and senior year of high school free of charge. 可知，该计划的目的是免费为高二和高三学生提供获得私人飞行执照所需要的所有培训。故选D项。25. What did Kate do in ground school?A. She took online lessons on flying.B. She went over the fundamentals of flying.C. She did some research into the pandemic.D. She finished applying for the program.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的 ground school.where they learn the fundamentals of flying 及 Kate and three peers put in two straight weeks of ground school, reviewing flight training.可知，凯特和三个同学连续去 了两周的地面学校，回顾飞行训练，即回顾飞行的基础知识。故选B项。26. Which of the following best describes Kate?A. Confident and aggressive. B. Strong-willed and patient.C. Demanding and courageous. D. Ambitious and hard-working.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。综观全文可知，凯特小时候就有成为一名飞行员的梦想，由此可知，凯特很有志向； 根据最后一段中凯特所说的话"It's a very hard program to get into. You have to be ready to do a lot of work and put in effort in order to succeed in the program.”可知，为了实现梦想，凯特投入了大量的工作和努力，由此可 知，凯特很勤奋。故选D项。CChemical engineers at UNSW Sydney have found a way to makengreenn ammonia（M） from air, water and renewable electricity. In a paper published in Energy and Environmental Science, the authors say that ammonia synthesis（合成）was one of the critical achievements of the 20th century. When used in fertilizers that significantly increase the output of food crops, it enabled agriculture to sustain an ever-expanding global population.But since the beginning of the 1900s when it was first employed,production of ammonia has been energy-intensive-requiring temperatures higher than 400 and pressures greater than 200 atmand all powered by fossil fuels. Dr. Emma Lovell, a co-author of the paper from UNSW, says the traditional way to make ammonia-known as the Haber-Bosch process-is only cost-effective when it is produced on a massive scale due to the huge amounts of energy and expensive materials required and it produces more CO 2 than any other chemical-making reaction.“In addition to the large carbon footprint left by the Haber-Bosch process, having to produce millions of tons of ammonia in centralized locations means even more energy is required to transport it around the world, not to mention the risks that go with storing large amounts of it in one place,'1 says Dr. Lovell.n And we saw tragically in Beirut recently how potentially dangerous storing ammonium nitrate（硝酸盐）can be."Dr. Lovell and her colleagues therefore looked at how to produce it cheaply, on a smaller scale and using renewable energy. Their new production method does not rely on fossil fuel resources, nor give off CO2."And once it becomes available commercially, the technology could be used to produce ammonia directly on site and on demand-farmers could even do this themselves using our technology to make fertilizers-which means we negate the need for storage and transport. There's a huge benefit to society as well as the health of the planet/ Dr. Lovell says.27. What do we know about the Haber-Bosch process?A. It does harm to the earth.B. It requires green materials.C. It uses less energy and is cheap.D It transforms fossil fuels into ammonia.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的 In addition to the large carbon footprint left by the Haber-Bosch process, having to produce millions of tons of ammonia in centralized locations means even more energy is required to transport it around the world, not to mention the risks that go with storing large amounts of it in one place可知，哈伯法生产过程会留下大量的碳足迹，在集中地点生产数百万吨氨意味着将氨运往全球需要消 耗更多的能源，而且将大量氨储存在一个地方也存在风险。由此可见，传统的制造氨的方法，即哈伯法对 地球是有害的。故选A项。28. Why is the city Beirut mentioned in the text?A. To remind people to protect the environment.B. To give an example of the risk of ammonia storage.C. To convince farmers to transport ammonia elsewhere.D. To stress the choice of a proper centralized location.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “And we saw tragically in Beirut recently how potentially dangerous storing ammonium nitrate can be."（而且最近，我们在贝鲁特不幸看到了储存硝酸镂的潜在危险）可知，此处 引用贝鲁特（注：2020年8月4日发生爆炸事故）的例子是为了举例说明氨储存的风险。故选B项。29. What does the underlined word "negaten probably mean in the last paragraph?A. Inspect. B. Avoid. C. Suit. D.Accept.【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。根据最后段中的 And once it becomes available commercially, the technology could be used to produce ammonia directly on site and on demand-farmers could even do this themselves using our technology to make fertilizers可知，一旦商业化，这项技术可以根据需求直接在现场生产氨，农民甚至可以 自己使用这一技术生产化肥。这意味着人们可以避免储存和运输氨。由此可推测negate意为“避免”,与avoid 同义，inspect意为“仔细检查”；suit意为“适合"；accept意为“接受”。故选B项。30. What is the purpose of this text?A. To solve a problem.B. To explain a process.C. To advocate a theory. D. To introduce a method.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。文章第段开头 Chemical engineers at UNSW Sydney have found a way to make1' green1' ammonia from air,water and renewable electricity.直接介绍了悉尼新南威尔士大学的化学工程师发现了一种方 法，可以从空气、水和可再生电力中制造“绿色”氨，下文对此展开说明。由此可知，本文主要介绍一种 制造“绿色”氨的新方法。故选D项。DScientists have an unlikely new helper while exploring the Earth's crust（地壳） deep beneath the ocean: Fin whales. New research, published on Thursday in Science, finds the sound waves of these fin whale calls can help create images of the seafloor down to 2.5 kilometers.Seafloor imaging, which is important for studying things like earthquake mechanics and carbon storage capacity, typically uses large air guns that send sound waves downwards. The sound waves go through the crust and bounce back to instruments on the seafloor, carrying information about the structures they travel through. But such surveys are expensive, and the guns'explosive noise may interrupt sea creatures that use sound to communicate.Vaclav Kuna, the study co-author, was studying earthquakes when he noticed strange readings on the seafloor seismic（土也震的）instruments,which turned out to match the frequencies of fin whale calls. Whale songs often appear in such instruments' records, says Emily Roland, a marine seismologist at the University of Washington. Seismologists usually see these signals as annoyance. Kuna, however, noticed that the signals were not coming directly from the whales, but were echoes（IU 声）bouncing back from within the crust.This technique does have limitations, Kuna says. Fin whale songs are limited in frequency, meaning the subsurface images are not as clear as those made with air guns. Additionally, a relatively flat seafloor is needed to triangulate（对作三角测量） the whalesapos; positions while multiple stations would be needed in uneven or mountainous regions, he adds.Nevertheless, these whales are found almost everywhere except the ice-covered areas of the Arctic. The whale callsapos; wide existence means they could provide new insight into old seismic datasets, Roland says. "At least the whale songs can serve as an additional source of signals. They are free and they are always there/1 Kuna says.” It's a win-win.nWhat do we know about seafloor imaging in Paragraph 2?A. It may affect some sea animals.B. It can help predict earthquakes.C. It is not completely accurate.D. It is environmentally friendly.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句 But such surveys are expensive, and the guns1 explosive noise may interrupt sea creatures that use sound to communicate.可知，这样的勘测很昂贵，并且气枪的爆炸噪声可能会干 扰使用声音进行交流的海洋生物，故海底勘测可能影响到一些海洋动物。故选A项。31. What can we learn about fin whale calls?A. They can help scientists to locate their habitats.B. They are easy to record and measure in the ocean.C. They are likely to be used for seafloor imaging.D. They have different frequencies among fin whales.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第段中的.the sound waves of these fin whale calls can help create images of the seafloor down to 2.5 kilometers可知，长须鲸叫声的声波可用于海底成像。故选C项。32. What is the potential use of fin whale songs?A. Conveying messages between whales.B. Working as an extra source of signals.C. Providing useful insight into whales.D. Exploring the ice-covered areas of the Arctic.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 The whale calls*wide existence means they could provide new insight into old seismic datasets . At least the whale songs can serve as an additional source of signals.可知， 广泛存在的 鲸鱼叫声意味着它们可以对旧地震数据库提供新见解，至少鲸鱼的歌声可以作为额外的信号源。因此，长 须鲸歌声的潜在用途是用作额外的信号源。故选B项。33. What is the best title for the text?A. Fin Whale Calls Reveal Structures Beneath the Ocean FloorFin Whales Communicate by Singing Special SongsFin Whale Conservation Is a Win-win Move for AllSeafloor Imaging Helps to Locate More Resources【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的New research, published on Thursday in Science, finds the sound waves of these fin whale calls can help create images of the seafloor down to 2.5 kilometers.可知，本文主要 介绍长须鲸叫声的声波有助于创建海底向下2.5千米的图像，即揭示海底的结构。因此，A项（长须鲸的叫 声揭示了海底的结构）适合作为文章标题。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Emotions are part of human nature. They give us information about what we're experiencing and help us know how to react, 36 Young children react to their emotions with facial expressions or with actions like laughing or crying. They feel and show emotions,but they don't yet have the ability to name the emotions or say why they feel that way.37 Instead of just reacting like little kids do, we can identify what we feel and put it into words. Withtime and practice, we get better at knowing what we are feeling and why.This skill is called emotional awareness.Emotional awareness helps us know what we need and want （or don't want）. 38 That's because being aware of our emotions can help us talk about feelings more clearly,avoid or resolve conflicts better, and move past difficult feelings more easily.Some people are naturally more in touch with their emotions than others. The good news is that everyone can be more aware of their emotions. 39 Emotional awareness is the first step toward developing emotional intelligence, a skill that can help people succeed in life.All emotions tell us something about ourselves and our situation.40 We might judge ourselves by feeling a certain way, like if we feel jealous, for example. Butinstead of thinking we shouldn't feel that way, it's better to notice how we actually feel.A. It helps us build better relationships.B. It just takes practice, but it's worth the effort.C. We sense our emotions from the time we*re babies.D. Learning how to express emotions is very important.E. But sometimes we find it hard to accept what we feel.F. Most of us feel many different emotions throughout the day.G. As we grow up, we become more skilled in understanding emotions.36 .【答案】C【解析】空前一句说情绪能给予我们正在经历的事情的信息并帮助我们意识到如何反应；空后一句介绍 了孩童如何对他们的情绪作出反应，由此可知，空处承接上文，应提到情绪，同时引出下文，应提到孩童 相关的内容；结合选项可知，C项”我们从小就能感觉到自己的情绪”符合语境。37 .【答案】G【解析】由空后的内容可知，我们能够识别我们的感受并用语言表达出来，随着时间和实践，我们能更 好地知道自己的感受和产生这种感受的原因；空处位于段首，G项“随着我们的成长，我们越来越善于理 解情绪”概括了后文内容。38 .【答案】A【解析】空前一句介绍了情感意识的好处，空后一句介绍了原因，由此可知，空处也应该介绍情感意识的 好处，A项”它帮助我们建立更好的人际关系“符合语境。选项中的2”指代上一句中的“Emotional awareness% 39.【答案】B【解析】空前一句介绍了每个人都能更加了解自己的情绪；空后一句介绍了情感意识是培养情商的第一步, 说明了练习情感意识的好处；空处应承上启下，提到练习情感意识，B项“这需要练习，但这是值得努力 的”切题。B项的前一分句与上一句对应，说明情感意识需要练习，后一分句与下一句对应，说明值得为 此付出努力。40 .【答案】E【解析】空后两句说我们可能会依据某种感觉来判断自己，但与其认为我们不应该有这种感觉，不如意识 到我们的真实感受，也就是说我们有时难以接受我们自己的情绪，E项符合语境。第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）Peter Thomas is the owner of a coffee shop in the Chicago suburban train station. He has become the 41force behind” Coffee with a Purpose0 for the seventh year in a 42, an annual community activitythat collects and 43 coats and other things to help the local homeless 44 the severewinters bravely.He 45 us that in the weeks before the winter vocation in the first year, he 46 in 3,000 coats.This year, he prepared 40 gallons of coffee. Thomas 47 that there were more people 48 thanever this time around because of the economic crisis. But Thomas and the community members 49 withhim don*t just want to donate 50 clothing and coffee. Building relationships with people who are so often51 in society is an important factor in their 52. Thomas thinks making donations one-on-onemakes it feel more 53 than just receiving and releasing relevant information.n You never know wheresomeone has been or what someone has 54 through before meeting them,“ he said." For the homeless, wetreat everyone 55 despite their ages and colors.'1Thomas sees coffee as the perfect metaphor（隐喻）to inspire 56 action.nI like to use coffee as a toolof 57 to inspire people to promote themselves beyond their expectations and society's expectations,n headded.n Pm 58 on them and giving them coffee and other 59 to do something better andsomething that will make them feel good,so that we can all