主谓一致专项复习.docx
主谓一致专项复习中考英语语法复习主谓一样 中考英语语法复习主谓一样 一就近原则 1.由并列结构或连词(eitheror,neithernor,notbut,notonlybutalso,or等)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与较近的那个名词或代词保持一样。 NeitherhisparentsnorTom_(be)athome. 2.在倒装句和therebe句型中,谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一样。 There_(be)abookandsomepensonthedesk. There_(come)thebus. 3.在定语从句中,关系代词作主语,其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一样。 Iknowthemanwho_(be)talkingtomyfather. 4.在强调句中,连接代词又在句中作主语,这时它应与被强调的主语保持一样。 ItisMarysbrotherwho_(be)injuredinthecaraccidentyesterday. 二意义一样原则 1.当主语与谓语动词之间插入alongwith,with,aswellas,togetherwith,besides,except,but,including等短语时,谓语动词与第一个主语保持一样。 Ialongwithmysister_(be)goingtoShanghainextmonth. 2.由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。 WhatIwanttosay_(be)just“Takecare!”. 3.“+(of)+名词”作主语时,若“of”后的名词为单数(不行数名词),则谓语动词用单数,假如名词为复数,则谓语动词用复数。 Mostofthewaterhere_(be)clean. 80%cotton_have)beensenttoAmerica.80% Halfoftheapples_(be)red. 6.词组“anumberof”作主语时,谓语动词应用复数;“thenumberof”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Anumberofancientbuildings_(be)destroyedinthewar. Thenumberofthevisitors_(have)decreasedthisyear. 7.英语的集体名词(family,public,group,team,class等词),指代“整体”时为单数;指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。 Myfamily_(be)verypoorwhenIwasalittlegirl Myfamily_(be)alllookingforwardforyourcoming. 三整体原则 1.从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词用单数。 Whentoleave_(be)notbeendecided. WatchingTVtoomuch_(be)badforyoureyes. 注:假如主语是两个(或两个以上)的名词性从句,谓语动词常用复数。 Whathesaidandwhathedid_(be)alwaysdifferentlastnight. 2.假如两个以上的名词组成一个整体概念作主语时,谓语动词须用单数。 Thenovelistandpoet_(be)goingtoEuropenextyear. Thenovelistandthepoet_(be)goingtoEuropenextyear. 3.表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时,通常被视作整体,谓语动词用单数。 10minutesisenough. 4.加减乘除等数学运算谓语动词通常用单数。 2and3_5. 5.“the+姓氏名词的复数”表示“一家人、.夫妇”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 TheBlacks_(enjoy)workinginChina. 四个体原则 1.every+.andevery+.或each+andeach+作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Everymanandeverywoman_(be)busyatworking. 2.英语句中的each,either,neither等词,作代词充当主语,修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Neitherofus_(have)beenabroad.Neitheranswer_(be)wrong. 3.由some,anyevery,no构成的复合词(somebody,nobody,everything,anything等)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Somebody_(be)waitingforyouattheschoolgate. 4.成双成对出现的复数名词(glasses,shoes,trousers,pants,gloves等)作主语时,通常谓语动词用复数,但前面有a/thepairof;a/thesuitof等词语时,则谓语动词要与量词(pair,suit,piece)在单复数上保持一样。 Apairofscissors_(be)usefultoolforadressmaker. Twopiecesofpaper_(be)onthedesk. 5.以复数形式出现,却表示单数意义(maths,physics,news)谓语用单数。 Maths_(be)myfavoritesubject. 6.“the+形容词(old/young/rich/poor)”表示“一类人”,作主语时,谓语用复数。 Theyoung_(like)listeningtopopularsongs. 7.“the+姓氏的复数”表示“某某夫妇,某某一家人”,作主语时,谓语用复数。 TheGreens_(be)havinglunchnow. 2022届中考英语主谓一样复习 “主谓一样”专项语法内容归纳如下: l、表示时间、距离、重量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语表示整体概念时,其谓语动词常用单数形式。如:Twomonthsisquitealongtime.两个月是相当长的一段时间。2、以-s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。如news,maths,physics,works(工厂)等。Mathsisverypopularinourclass.在我们班数学很受欢迎。 主语是以-ics结尾的学科名词以及等都属形式复数,而意义单数的名词,其谓语用单数形式。另外means一词单复数同形应视详细状况而定。 Mathematicsseemstobedifficulttolearn. Anewmeansofteachingisbeingusedinthatschool. 注:学科名词前如有物主代词修饰时,谓语常用复数。 Mymathematicsareweek. 3、family,class,team,group,crowd,committee等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;若指详细成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。试比较:Myfamilyisaverybigone,withtenpeopleinit.我家是一个大家庭,有十口人。MyfamilyalllikewatchingTV我们全家人都喜爱看电视。 Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers. 4、people,police等集体名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:Peoplehereareveryfriendly.这儿的人们很友好。Thepolicearehavingameeting警察们正在开会。 youth作“青年们”解作主语时,谓语用复数。 TheyouthofChinatodayaredoingtheirbesttostudymodernscienceandtechnology. 5、单数名词后跟with,alongwith(与一道),togetherwith,aswellas(和;也),ratherthan(而不),but,except,not,like,besides,including等引起的短语时,等引导的短语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Myfather,togetherwithhisfriends,isgoingtovisittheGreatWall我父亲将和他的挚友们一起去参观长城。HeaswellashissisterisaLeaguemember. 6、由either,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso等词连接并列主语时,谓语动词常和最接近的主语一样。如:NeitheryounorLiHuahasbeentoShanghaibefore.你和李华以前都没去过上海。Isheoryouwrong?他错了还是你错了?Eitheryouorhehastogotherewithme. 8、以there,here,where开头的句子,若主语不只一个,其谓语动词通常和邻近的那个主语一样。如:Thereisapenandsomebooksonthedesk.课桌上有一枝钢笔和一些书。Herearesomebooksandpaperforyou.这是给你的书和纸。 Hereisapen,afewenvelopesandsomepaperforyou. 7、非谓语动词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。如:IswatchingtoomuchTVgoodorbadforyourhealth?看太多的电视对你的身体有益还是有害?Whatyousaidiswrong.你所说的是错的。 9、当kindof,pairof,glassof等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时,谓语动词应与kind,pair,glass等形式一样。如:Thispairofshoesisdirty这双鞋脏了。Therearetwoglassesofwateronthetable.桌子上有两杯水。10、由“alotof(lotsof)plentyofanumberof+名词”或“分数+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的形式依据名词的单复数而定。如:AlotofpeoplehavebeentoLondon.很多人去过伦敦。Three-fifthsofthewaterisdirty.五分之三的水是脏的。注:“thenumberof十复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolisovertwothousand.我们学校的学生数超过两千 17“的几分之几”和“的百分之几”作主语时,其谓语用单数或复数取决于of后的名词。Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.40percentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls. 12、all,some,none,most,any等代词作主语时,若指复数概念,谓语动词用复数形式;若指单数概念,则谓语动词用单数形式。如:Notallworkisdifficult.不是全部的工作都难。Notallthestudentsarehere.不是全部的学生都在这儿。13、当and连接的两个主语被each,every或no修饰时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。如:Everyteacherandeverystudentneedsdictionaries.每个老师和每个学生都须要词典。 21由and连接的并列单数主语的前面分别有each,every或no修饰时,其谓语用单数形式。 Nostudentandnoteacherisinvitedtotheparty. Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhasrighttoreceiveeducation. 11、代词something,anything,nothing,everyone,anybody,nobody,each,neither,either,little,much,one等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Neitherofusisaboy我们俩都不是男孩。EachofthemhasanEnglishdictionary.他们当中每人都有一本词典。Oneofthestudentswaslateforschool.14、当主语是同位语时,谓语动词要依据同位语的单复数来确定,区分主语和同位语的方法是,用逗号连接的就是同位语,用连词and连接的就是主语。如:Susan,MrMottswife,isascientist.苏姗,也就是默特先生的妻子是一位科学家。15、有些形容词前面加上定冠词the,如thepoor,theold,theyoung,therich,thedying等用来表示一类人时,主语用复数,谓语动词也用复数。如: Thepoorareveryhappy,butthericharesad.穷人过得很欢乐,有钱人却过得不欢乐。 16由manya或morethan+单数名词作主语时,其谓语用单数形式。ManyaforeignerhasbeentotheGreatWall. Morethanonestudenthasvisitedtheexhibition. 19并列主语假如指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数,这时and后面的名词前没有冠词。 ThesecretaryofthePartybranchanddirectorofthatfactoryoftenworkswiththeworkers. 20成对的名词,如breadandbutter涂黄油的面包,sodaandwater汽水,coffeeandmilk加牛奶的咖啡,aimandend目的,saltandwater盐开水等,虽然有and连接,但仍表单一概念,作主语时,谓语用单数。Aknifeandforkisonthetable. 22在定语从句中主语是关系代词who,that,which,谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一样。 I,whoamyourteacher,willteachyoueverythingIknow. 24主语是用作书名、剧名、报纸名、国名等的复数名词,谓语一般用单数形式。TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry. 25“oneof+复数名词+定语从句”之前有theonly,thevery,the等限定词和修饰语时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 Sheistheonlyoneofthesewomenwhoplaystheviolin. 26主语是疑问代词who,what,which,不定代词all,more,most,any,none等以及名词half,part,therest等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义,其谓语视状况而定。Halfofthefruitisbad. HalfofthevisitorsarefromEurope. 27主语是表示数量的“oneandahalf+复数名词”,其谓语用单数形式。主语是“oneortwo+复数名词”,其谓语用复数形式。 Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable. ThereareoneortwothingsIdliketoknowabout. 28主语people作“人们,人民”解时,谓语动词用复数,作“民族”解时,有单复数之分。Ourpeopleisagreatone. Thereare56peoplesinChina. 29主语是a/this/thatkindof+名词,谓语用单数形式,主语指的不是一种而是多种,谓语动词用复数。Thiskindofclothfeelssoft.Therearedifferentkindsofanimals. 30主语是“eachof”,“neitherof”,“eitherof”,“oneof”等时,其谓语用单数。 Eachofthemhashisownduty. 31陈述部分用everybody,everyone,somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nobody,noone或no+复数名词等作主语时,反意部分用they。而陈述部分用everything,something,nothing,anything时,反意部分代词则采纳单数,用it。 Somebodyiswaitingforyou,arentthey? Everythingisallright,isntit? 33用引号的词语作主语时,谓语用单数第三人称。 “I”istheninthletteroftheEnglishAlphabet. 34在强调结构中如被强调的是句子的主语,则who或that后面的谓语动词的人称和数应和主语一样。 ItisMikewhoalwayshelpsmestudymathsafterclass. 35wish后接宾语从句用虚拟语气,如表示与现在事实相反,无论主语是单数还是复数,be动词用were。 IwishIweretenyearsyounger. 36police,cattle等集合名词作主语时,谓语用复数。 Themurdererhasrunaway.Thepolicearesearchingforhim. 37算式中表示数目的主语通常看作单数,其谓语常用单数形式,也可用复数。Fivetimesfouristwenty. 中考英语二轮复习讲练动词主谓一样 中考英语二轮复习讲练动词主谓一样 有关动词的重点:只有动词才能作谓语。动词分为行为动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词等。 (一)联系动词:be,become(成为),turn(变颜色),grow(变天气),look,smell,taste, sound(good,well×),seem,feel。 (二)有关use的词组:usedtodo过去经常作,beusedtodoing习惯于。 1.-MyauntgoestoclimbmountGueverySunday. -Oh!Butshehateclimbingmountain. A.usedtoB.usetoC.usestoD.isusedto 2.Lileiisusedtogettingearly. 留意:usedtodo的否定式为usednottodo或didntuseto 疑问式为:Didsbuseto?或usedsb? 人+usesthfordoing=人+usesthtodo用某物做 其被动形式为:物+beusedtodo=物+beusedfordoing Peopleusestoneforbuildinghouses=Peopleusestonetobuildhouses. Stoneisusedforbuildinghouses=Stoneisusedtobuildhouses. (三)cant表示“不行能”即否定性推想。mustnt禁止、不行能; must“肯定”表示确定性推想;must引起的问句,其否定回答为neednt. 1.ThemanbeLiLei.LiLeihasgonetoBeijing. A.cantB.mustntC.maynotD.neednt 2.Alotofcarsarecomingandgoing.Yougoacrossthestreet. A.needntB.maynotC.mustntD.must 3.MustIreturnthebooktomorrowmorning?No,you.Youkeepitforthreedays. A.mustnt,mayB.mustnt,mustC.neednt,canD.neednt,may 4.-Look!Themanatthegatebeourheadmaster.Heisalwaysstandingthereevery morning.-No,itbehim.Heisholdingameetingintheofficenow. A.must,cantB.must,mustntC.can,cantD.can,mustnt (四)及物动词与介词搭配:give,show,pass,lend+物+to+sb=give()sbsth make,sing,buy+物+for+sb=make(sing,buy)sbsth (五)及物动词+副词结构,构成的动词短语的宾语是人称代词时,把代词放中间 get(it)back,put(it)on,take(it)off,turn(it)on,pick(it)up,try(it)on, look(it)up,wake(me)up,put(it)up. 1.Smokingisbadforyourhealth.Youdbetter. A.giveupitB.giveitupC.takeoutitD.takeitout 基础学问:情态动词: (一)can:表实力“能,会”;表推想“可能”;表允许“可以”。 1.-youpassmeapen?Idliketowritedownthephonenumber.-Sure,Hereitis. A.CanB.NeedC.MightD.Must (二)could:can的过去式,表过去的实力。但could本身也可作情态动词,表委婉恳求。 (三)may:允许“可以”;表推想“可能”。 1.IswimwhenIwastenyearsold. 2.Johngotherewithastonight,butheisnotverysureaboutit. A.mustB.canC.willD.may (四)must:主观看法“必需”;推想“肯定”。 (五)need:情态动词:need+动原实义动词:needtodoneeddoing=needtobedone 1.Youworryaboutme.Itsnothingserious. A.cantB.mustntC.needntD.wont (六)情态动词的被动态:情态动词+be+过分 (七)maybe和maybemaybe用于句首,可能;maybe可能是 1.Ifyoueatbadfood,youill.A.maybeB.cantbeC.mustD.maybe 练习 1.-Mayweplayfootballinthestreet?-No,you.Itsdangerous. A.canB.mustntC.mayD.maynot 2.ThemanintheofficebeMr.Blackbecausehewenthomejustnow. A.mustntB.maynotC.cantD.neednt 3.Theoldmanwasquiteweakaftertheaccident.Sohe. A.mustbetakecareofB.musttakecareofC.mustbelookedafter 4.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbishintotheriver. A.needntbethrownB.mustntbethrownC.cantthrowD.maynotthrow 5.-Hurryup,please!-Itsquiteearly,youworryaboutthetime. A.mustntB.maynotC.needntD.cant 6.-Theressomebodyatthedoor.Whoitbe? -No,itbehim.Itsjustsevenoclock.Itstooearly. A.may,cantB.will,wontC.may,mustnt 7.-Excuseme,couldIborrowsomemoneyfromyou?-Ofcourseyou. A.couldB.canC.mustD.need 8.Theflowereveryday,ortheylldie. A.mustwaterB.canbewateredC.shouldwaterD.mustbewatered 9.-WhatdidyourPEteachersayaboutyourhighjumpatthesportsmeeting. -HesaidthatIbetter.A.candoB.amC.willdoD.coulddo 10.-WheresLucy?-Imnotsure.Sheinthelibrary. A.maybeB.mustC.maybeD.willbe 主谓一样即谓语动词的数与主语的单复数一样: (一)One,everyone,eachone,anyone,each,either,nineof+复数+单谓。 Everyoneofthestudentsisstudyinghard.Neitherofthegirlsisabletoanswerit. 1.Neitherofthetwobrotherswiththeirparents. A.liveB.arelivingC.liketoliveD.lives 2.oftheboysinClass4isplayinggames. A.AllB.EachC.Theboth (二)不定式、动名词作主语时,谓语用单数 Toteachistolearn.Playingwithfireisdangerous. 1.PalyingbaseballDalesfavouritesport.A.isB.areC.were (三)主语后跟含有with.except.together.with.aswellas等短语时,单复数应依据主语而定,而不受这些短语的影响。 1.EveryoneexceptTomandJohntherewhenthemeetingbegan. A.areB.isC.wereD.was (四)主语为people.Police.cattle(家禽)poultry(家畜)等时,谓语用复数。 Thepolicearelookingforthemissingchild.Mostpeoplethinkso. (五)主语为复数而意义为单数,谓语用单数: news,works(作品,工作),physics,politic政治,mathematics数学,谓语用单数; trousers,Shoes,glasses为主语时,谓语用复数,当前面有apairof修饰时,谓语动词用单数。 1.Ithinkphysicsmaths.A.issousefulasB.aremoreusefulas C.areasusefulasD.ismuchmoreusefulthan (六)表示时间、长度、价格、质量等短语做主语时,即使其中的名词为复数名词,谓语动词也应用单数形式: Threeyearshasalreadypassedquickly. Fiftyyuanisenough. (七)由every,some,any,no构成的复合不定式代词做主语时,谓语用单数。 1.EverygirltoattendtheEnglishParty. A.wishB.wishesC.islikeD.like (八)就近原则:由eitheror,Neithernor,notonlybutalso连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语一样。 1.Notonlystudentsbutalsotheirteachertheplan. A.objectB.objectsC.isobjectD.isobjected Therebe句型中连接并列的主谓时,谓语用就近原则。 Thereisagirlandfourboysintheroom. 2.TheresomeChineseandthreeAmericansinthetravellingteam. A.areB.isC.hasD.have (九)so,neither倒装句:sodoI句型(即so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语),表示“两种状况相同”。留意:时态和数要一样。 SoIdo陈述语序,表示“的确如此”。 Neither/Nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语,表示“两种状况都不” 1.-Tomboughtacomputeryesterday.-Soshe.(sohe) 2.-TheboydidntgotothePark.-Neither(nor)I. (十)由and连接两个不同的单数名词或代词作主语时,表示不同概念时,谓语动词用复数;而表示同一概念时,谓语动词用单数。 JackandTomlookheathyandstrong. Thepoetandmusicianvisitsourschooltoday. (十一)the+姓氏s表示“一家人”,谓语动词用复数。 TheBlacksenjoyworkinginChina. (十二)anumberof+名复+复谓表示“许多”; thenumberof+名复+单谓表示“的数目”。 Thenumberofpeopleinvitedmorethan200,andanumberofthembeenherenow. A.were,hasB.were,haveC.was,hasD.was,have 练习 1NeitherWeiHuanorAnn_ontheteam AisBareCgoesDgo 2“Ithinkneitherthisshirtnorthatone_good”,hesaid AareBisCwereDwas 3ThisisMissGaoShe_yournewteacher AbeBamCisDare 4Hisparents_comingtomeettheteachertonight AareBwereCis 5Howmuchmilk_inthebottle? AhasBarethereCisthere 6EveryoneexceptTomandJohn_therewhenthemeetingbegan AisBwasCareDwere 7_Lily_LucymaygowithyoubecauseoneofthemmuststayathomeANotonly;butalso BNeither;nor CBoth;and DEither;or 8_thepopulationofChina? AHowmuchis BHowmanyare CWhatis DWhatnumberis 9Jennyandherparents_goingtovisitthePalaceMuseumtomorrowAisBamCareDbe 10Neitherthestudentsnortheteacher_intheclassroomthemoment AwereBwasCwerentDwasnt 11Howmanystudentsarethereinyourschool? _thestudentsinourschool_overtwothousand AThenumberof;is BThenumberof;are CAnumberof;is DAnumberof;are 12Arethetwinsonthefootballteam? No,neitherofthem