2018年中考英语真题分类汇编题型1单项选择专项训练一名词含解析(共15页).doc
精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上题型一 单项选择时间：0.51分钟/小题分值：1分/小题命题点一名词辨析1. 语境辨析。2. 近义词辨析。3. 固定搭配。熟记各类常见短语的含义及用法。()1. (2018天津)Every year many foreign friends come to see the _ of Tianjin, such as Tianjin Eye and Haihe River.A. concerts B. plays C. cartoons D. sights ()2. (2018重庆A卷)It's hot today. Have some _， please.No, thanks. I'm not thirsty at all.A. water B. potatoes C. bread D. cakes ()3. (2018重庆B卷)It's cold today. Take your _ with you when you go out.A. knife B. coat C. brush D. key ()4. (2018河北)Your_ is very helpful. I guess I'll take it. A. secret B. advice C. promise D. purpose ()5. (2018河南)Are you going out with Jade tonight?That's my _. Mind your own!A. offer B. business C. question D. chance ()6. (2018山西)During the next few days, I decide to have a good _ by taking a walk or seeing a movie. I really need to relax.A. meal B. sleep C. rest ()7. (2018 安徽)Cathy has such a good_ that she won many prizes in singing competitions last year.A. sleep B. idea C. voice D. time ()8. (2018江西)Some old people need a _ because they feel lonely.A. gift B. stick C. pet D. watch ()9. (2018福州)Who is the person you admire the most?Qian Xuesen, the Father of China's Missiles. He is the _ of China.A. leader B. pride C. voice ()10.(2018武汉)Look, the boss is angry with Alex.Well, he came late again. But that's no _ to shout at him.A. problem B. lesson C. excuse D. reason ()11.( 2018大连)Cambridge is famous for its _. Many famous people studied there.A. university B. hospital C. bank D. museum ()12. (2018大连)It might be cool in the evening. You'd better take a(n)_A. umbrella B. sweater C. wallet D. camera ()13. (2018黄冈)Could you take out the rubbish and do the dishes, Tony?Sure. Mom will be mad if she sees this_， I think.A. matter B. mess C. trouble D. difficulty ()14. (2018滨州)Do you know about the scientist Tu Youyou?Yes, she won the 2015 Nobel Prize in medicine because of her great _A. surprise B. achievement C. education D. satisfaction ()15. (2018德州)Bill will be a /an _ to interview the football players in the coming Rio 2018 Olympics.A. guest B. reporter C. tourist D. engineer ()16. (2018达州)Why did Lucy look unhappy?Because she was so careless that she made many spelling _ in her homework.A. friends B. plans C. decisions D. mistakes ()17. (2018温州)When an earthquake happens, I think the most important safety _ is to keep calm.A. rule B. doubt C. condition D. problem ()18. (2018衡阳)The last bus has left. What should we do?Let's take a taxi. We have no other _ now.A. choice B. reason C. habit ()19. (2018自贡)How can I get some _ about the 2018 Olympic Games?Why not search the Internet?A. information B. experience C. practice ()20. (2018咸宁)Tu Youyou received the Nobel Prize for her _ of artemisinin(青蒿素)And she was the first Chinese who won the prize in science.A. design B. thought C. invention D. discovery ()21. (2018襄阳)Look! So many colorful bicycles in two lines over there.They're for public. This _ of green smart traffic is everywhere in Xiangyang city.A. number B. pair C. kind D. piece ()22. (2018东营)Why do people never cut up the _ on their birthdays?Because they are a symbol of long life.A. eggs B. cakes C. noodles D. dumplings ()23. (2018淮安)Lily often helps her mother do some cooking in the _A. kitchen B. garden C. bathroom D. bedroom ()24. (2018泰州)What _ will you get after winning the competition in the programme Stay to the end(一站到底)?A free trip to Bali Island.A. award B. attention C. advice D. ability ()25. (2018吉林)The _ pollution is becoming more and more serious. We haven't seen blue skies for several days.A. noise B. water C. air()26. (2018徐州)My cousin works for an airline. He flies planes. He is _A. an inventor B. a scientist C. an explorer D. a pilot ()27. (2018抚顺)Your English is really good. What's your _？A. secret B. service C. spirit D. science()28. (2018厦门)The milk shake tastes good. How do you make it?It's easy, just follow the _A. discussions B. instructions C. resolutions()29. (2018甘肃通用卷)People usually touch something with their _A. eyes B. noses C. mouths D. fingers()30. (2018泉州)The water in the glass is sweet. Did you put any _ in it?Yes. I added some to it just now.A. sugar B. salt C. oil()31. (2018葫芦岛)Which city do you prefer to visit, Hangzhou or Shanghai?I've no idea. It's hard to make the _A. report B. project C. decision D. speech ()32. (2018 阜新)I hear you have to get up early every morning.Right. It's one of the _ in my family.A. rules B. orders C. reasons D. experience()33. (2018齐齐哈尔)The mobile phone sells for ￥5000, it is much more than its real_A. cost B. value C. price ()34. (2018绵阳)He was born in Germany, but he has made China his _A. family B. address C. house D. home ()35. (2018东营)Great _ for football loversmore than 50，000 soccer schools will be built in our country by the end of 2025.A. news B. message C. situation D. information ()36. (2018朝阳)I think computers are very useful. They can help us get much _ on the Internet.A. game B. information C. exchange D. message()37. (2018青岛)Nancy took her temperature and found she had a _A. cough B. toothache C. cold D. fever ()38. (2018宿迁)When the man went through the forest alone, he lost his _ and felt afraid.A. task B. work C. way D. job ()39. (2018盐城)Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your _， you must keep moving.A. promise B. position C. balance D. ability ()40. (2018孝感)Mom, I will eat less fast food this year, believe me.If you make a _， you must keep it.A. joke B. noise C. mistake D. promise()41. (2018西宁)A smart phone makes a big _ to our life.A. difference B. decision C. progress D. prediction()42. (2018随州)Peter didn't tell his parents that he was going home because he wanted to give them a _A. note B. surprise C. call D. gift ()43. (2018苏州)Steve Jobs was full of _ always coming up with new ideas which led to great changes in society.A. instruction B. invitation C. introduction D. invention ()44. (2018扬州)Why not buy a secondhand flat first if you don't have enough money?That's a good _A. saying B. question C. suggestion D. decision ()45. (2018连云港)It's useful for the deaf people to learn sign language.Yes, it's a major way of _ for them.A. suggestion B. vacation C. production D. communication ()46. (2018鄂州)Could you show me the method of cooking the tasty cookies?Please follow the _ on the cookbook.A. direction B. attention C. introduction D. instruction命题点二名词单复数1. 可数名词复数的判断。 2. 可数名词与不可数名词的判断及变形。3. 不可数名词的数量表达，用：基数词/冠词数量词of。()1. (2018宜宾)Yibin is one of the most beautiful _ in Sichuan.A. city B. cities C. citys ()2. (2018广安)Have you heard of Lin Zexu and Zhan Tianyou?Of course. They are our national _A. hero B. heros C. heroes D. hero's ()3. (2018昆明)Each couple in China can have two _ from January 1st, 2018.A. boy B. girl C. children D. child()4. ( 2018广东)The broken _ may cut into your hand if you touch it. You should be careful.A. glass B. glasses C. candle D. candles ()5. (2018南宁)These _ in beautiful dresses will have a party this evening.A. man B. men C. woman D. women ()6. (2018怀化)Mum, I'm hungry. May I have some_？Sure. But don't eat too much.A. hamburgers B. milks C. cake ()7. (2018来宾)There are many _ about this farm.Yes, lots of _ are planted on it.Aphoto; potato Bphotos; potatosCphotos; potatoes Dphotoes; potatoes ()8. (2018巴中)Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous _ in American_A. symbol; culture B. symbols; cultures C. symbols; culture ()9. (2018天水)There are many websites on the Internet and there _ a lot of useful _ on the websites.A. are; informations B. are; informationC. is; information D. is; informations 命题点三名词所有格1. 有生命的名词及表时间、距离、国家等常用's。2. 无生命的名词一般用：of名词。3. 表两个人共同拥有，用“A and B's”。4. 表两个人各自拥有，用“A's and B's”。()1. (2018天水)It's about _ from our school to my house.A. 20 minutes' walk B. 20 minute's walkC. walk of 20 minutes D. 20 minutes' walks ()2. (2018绥化)_ room is big and nice.A. Kate's and Jane's B. Kate's and Jane C. Kate and Jane's ()3. (2018新疆建设兵团)This is _ bedroom. It's tidy and nice.A. Lily's and Lucy's B. Lily and Lucy'sC. Lily's and Lucy D. Lily and Lucy ()4. (2018东营)Are you sure this is a photo _， the famous comedy actress?It surprised you, didn't it? But she was once really thin.A. Jia Ling B. Jia Ling's C. of Jia Ling D. of Jia Ling's ()5. (2018安顺)There'll be a _ meeting next week, and my parents will _ come for it.A. parents' all B. parents' bothC. parent's; all D. parent's; both ()6. (2018河池)There is an MP5 on the desk, whose is this?It can be my _， she bought one yesterday.A. sister B. sister's C. sisters' D. sisters()7. (2018武威)_ mothers can't go to the parents' meeting because they are too busy.A. Jack's and Paul B. Jack's and Paul'sC. Jack and Paul's D. Jack and Paul命题点四名词作定语1. 名词作定语，一般用单数。2. man和woman作定语，其单复数与被修饰词的单复数保持一致。3. 复合形容词作定语，结构为：数字(连字符即“”)名词单数。()1. (2018重庆A卷)It's sports time. Most_ students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground.A. boy B. boys C. boy's D. boys' ()2. (2018绥化)Our school has fiftysix _ teachers.A. woman B. women C. woman's ()3. (2018贵港)What would you like for breakfast?I'd like _A. tomato noodle B. tomato noodlesC. tomatoes noodle D. tomatoes noodles ()4. (2018连云港)Yan Jiashuo, a _ girl, has won the prize of International Master of Memory.Wow, she's great, isn't she?A. tenyearold B. tenyearsold C. ten year old D. ten years old ()5. (2018哈尔滨)Xi Jinping, our _ president, paid a visit to Harbin last month. How encouraging!A. 63 years old B. 63 years' old C. 63yearold 专心-专注-专业题型一单项选择专项训练一名词命题点一名词辨析1. D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每年许多外国朋友来看天津的，如天津眼和海河。concerts音乐会；plays戏剧；cartoons动画片，漫画；sights风景。根据空格后面的“天津眼和海河”可知此处指风景，故选D。2. A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“今天真热。请喝些。”“不，谢谢。我一点也不渴。”water 水；potatoes 土豆；bread 面包；cakes 蛋糕。根据句中的关键词thirsty可知答案，故选A。3. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天很冷。当你外出时带上你的。knife刀；coat外套；brush刷子；key钥匙。根据前一句语境可知此处指的是带上衣服，故选B。4. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的非常有用。我想我会采纳的。secret秘密；advice建议；promise许诺，允诺；purpose目的。分析句意并结合四个选项可知，此处指你的建议非常有用，故选B。 5. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“今天晚上你要和杰德一起出去吗？”“那是我的。管好你自己的事吧！”offer提供，给予；business生意，事情；question问题；chance机会。根据句意和语境可知此处应是表示：那是我的事。故选B。 6. C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几天里，我决定通过散步或者看电影好好地。我真的需要放松。meal饭；sleep睡眠；rest休息。根据I really need to relax.可知用rest；have a good rest意为“好好休息”。故选C。7. C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：凯茜有如此好的以至于她去年在唱歌比赛中赢得了许多奖项。sleep睡眠；idea主意；voice嗓音；time时间。根据空后句意“在唱歌比赛中赢得了许多奖项”可推知她肯定有一副好嗓音。故选C。8. C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些老人需要一个因为他们感觉孤单。gift礼物；stick木棍，棍子；pet宠物；watch手表。感觉孤独，因此需要宠物陪伴，故选C。9. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“你最钦佩的人是谁？”“中国导弹之父钱学森。他是中国的。” leader领导；pride骄傲；voice声音。根据句意可知B项正确。10. D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“看，老板在生亚历克斯的气。”“嗯，他又迟到了。但是那不是朝他大喊的。”problem问题；lesson课；excuse借口；reason原因。 根据答语的意思可知老板朝他大喊的原因不是因为他迟到了，故选D。11. A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：剑桥以它的而闻名。许多名人在那儿学习过。university大学；hospital医院；bank银行；museum博物馆。根据关键词studied及常识可知选A。12. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：晚上可能会冷。你最好带一件。umbrella雨伞；sweater毛衣；wallet钱包；camera相机。根据前一句描述可知此处建议带一件保暖的衣服，故选B。13. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“托尼，你可以倒垃圾和洗盘子吗？”“当然可以。我认为如果妈妈看到这么，她会生气的。”matter物质，事件；mess杂乱；trouble问题，麻烦；difficulty困难。根据上句中“倒垃圾和洗盘子”及后一句中“妈妈会生气”可知此处指很杂乱。故选B。14. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“你知道科学家屠呦呦吗？”“知道，她因为伟大的获得了2015年诺贝尔医学奖。”surprise惊奇，惊讶；achievement成就；education教育；satisfaction满意。根据句意可知是伟大的成就，故选B。15. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：比尔将作为一名采访即将到来的2018里约奥运会中足球运动员们。guest客人；reporter记者；tourist游客；engineer工程师。根据“interview ”可知是记者。故选B。16. D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“为什么露西看起来不高兴？”“因为她是如此粗心以至于她在作业中犯了很多拼写。”friends朋友；plans计划；decisions决定；mistakes错误。根据“so careless”可知表示犯错，故选D。17. A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当地震发生的时候，我认为最重要的安全是保持冷静。rule规则；doubt疑惑；condition条件；problem问题。根据句意可知选A。18. A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“最后一班公交车已经走了。我们该怎么办？”“让我们坐出租车吧。我们现在没有其他的。”choice选择；reason理由；habit习惯。此处指没有其他的选择。故选A。19. A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“我怎么才能得到一些关于2018年奥林匹克运动会的 。”“为什么不上网搜索一下？”information信息；experience经验，经历；practice练习。此处指得到一些关于奥林匹克运动会的信息，故选A。20. D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“屠呦呦因为青蒿素获得了诺贝尔奖。”“并且她是中国第一位在科学领域获得诺贝尔奖的人。”design设计；thought思想；invention发明；discovery发现。青蒿素是本来就存在的东西，因此屠呦呦是发现了青蒿素。故选D。21. C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“看！那边有那么多彩色自行车排成两排。”“它们是公用的。这绿色智能交通工具在襄阳市随处可见。”number数字，号码；pair双；kind种类；piece条，块。分析语境可知此处指这种交通工具，故选C。22. C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“在过生日时，人们为什么从来不把 切断？”“因为它们是长寿的象征。”eggs鸡蛋；cakes蛋糕；noodles面条；dumplings水饺。根据常识可知，过生日吃面条意味着长寿。故选C。23. A【解析】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：莉莉经常在帮助她的妈妈做饭。kitchen厨房；garden花园；bathroom洗手间；bedroom卧室。根据句中“do some cooking”可知，是在厨房做饭。故选A。24. A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“在一站到底的比赛中获胜之后，你将获得什么？”“一次到巴厘岛的免费旅行。”award奖励；attention注意；advice建议；ability能力。根据句意可知，此处表示“获奖”。故选A。25. C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：污染变得越来越严重。我们已经好几天没看见蓝天了。noise声音，噪音；water水；air空气。根据后一句“看不见蓝天”可知，本题应该是说“空气污染”。故选C。26. D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的堂(表)哥(弟)在一家航空公司工作。他开飞机。(所以)他是。an inventor 一位发明家；a scientist一位科学家；an explorer一位探险家；a pilot一位飞行员。根据前句的“flies planes”可知，只有选项D符合。故选D。27. A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的英语真的很好。你的是什么？secret秘密，秘诀；service接待，服务；spirit精神，勇气，意志；science科学。根据常识可知，称赞完他人学得好，接着应该是询问“秘诀”。故选A。28. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“这个奶昔尝起来不错。你怎么做的？”“很简单，就只是按照。”discussions讨论；instructions说明书；resolutions决心，决定。follow the instructions“按照说明书”，故选B。29. D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们通常用他们的触摸东西。eyes眼睛；noses鼻子；mouths嘴巴；fingers手指。发出“touch”这个动作，只能是“手指”。故选D。30. A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“杯子里的水是甜的。你给里面放了吗？”“是的。我刚才在里面放了一些。”sugar糖；salt盐；oil油。由常识可知，“水甜”肯定是放了“糖”。故选A。31. C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“你更喜欢游览哪个城市，杭州还是上海？”“我不知道。那很难做。”report报告；project项目，工程；decision决定；speech演讲。上句是选择疑问句，故此处是做决定。make the decision“做决定”，是固定短语。故选C。32. A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“我听说你每天早上都不得不早起。”“是的。那是我们家的之一。”rules规则，规矩；orders命令，指示；reasons原因；experience经验，经历。结合常识可知，“早起”作为一个家庭的“规矩”最符合。故选A。33. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这部手机卖5000元，这比它实际的贵得多。cost花费；value价值；price价格，表示价格高用high修饰，价值大用much修饰。故选B。34. D【解析】考查近义名词辨析。句意：他出生在德国，但是他把中国当作他的。family家庭，家人，多指家庭成员；address地址；house房子，住宅，多指建筑物；home家，居住的地方，有感情色彩，有团聚、思念之含义。此处指情感意义上的家，富有感情色彩。故选D。35. A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：足球爱好者的好到2025年末，我国将会建造超过50000个足球学校。news新闻，
