2022年大连交通大学自考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）.docx

2022年大连交通大学自考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）第1题【单项选择题】【完成句子】Intelligence was believed to be a fixed entity, some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements. Its Value therefore, was as a predictor of children's future learning. If they differed markedly in their ability to learn complex tasks, then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently and the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within school was obvious. Intelligence tests could be used for streaming children according to ability at an early age; and at 11 these tests were superior to measures of attainment for selecting children for different types of secondary education. It was once believed, and thus we can tell how successful he/she will be in the future according to his/her intelligence.A、born to be more intelligent or less intelligentB、taught to be more intelligentC、that intelligence was something a baby was born withD、and because of the lack of communication with his classmates【正确答案】c【答案解析】空格处需要真正的主语（It是形式主语），因此根据语法结构判断C 是答案。该句大意是"人们曾经一度相信，智力是一个孩子天生所具有的，因为 我们可以根据他/她的智力水平判断他/她在将来是否会取得成功。第2题【单项选择题】【填句补文】Scientists have learned that the sense of pain is made up of both chemical and electrical signals. . Scientists also have learned that the nervous system sends two different kinds-of pain messages to the brain: one very【正确答案】C【答案解析】此题考查词义选择。译文：如果我们收不到付款，那就只好诉诸法 律了。A挑衅、侵犯；B优势、优点；C选择、取舍；D野心、抱负。第20题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】The world is not only hungry; it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earth/s surface is covered with water. But about 97% of this huge amount is sea-water; or salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3%-the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources. And we cannot even use all of that, because some of it is in the form of icebergs （冰ill） and glaciers （冰I） . Even worse, some of it has been polluted.What percentage of the earth's water can man actually use at present?A、Nearly 75 per cent.B、About 97 per cent.C、Exactly 3 per cent.D、Less than 3 percent.【正确答案】D【答案解析】根据本段得知，地球上只有3%的水适于人类饮用，然而局部以冰 山或冰川的形式存在，还有的被污染，因而实际上人类能用的水要低于3%。第21题【单项选择题】【I阅读选择】Income may be national income and personal income. Whereas national income is defined as the total earned income of all the factors of production namely, profits, interest, rent, wages, and other compensation for labor, personal income may be defined as total money income received by individuals before personal taxes are paid. National income does not equal GNP because the factors of production do not receive payment for either capital consumption allowances or indirect business taxes, both of which are included in GNP. The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income. Indirect10 taxes include sales taxes, property taxes, and excise taxes that are paid by businesses directly to the government and so reduce the income left to pay for the factors of production. Three-fourths of national income goes for wages, salaries, and other forms of compensation to employees.Which of the following statements is true according to the paragraph?A、GNP equals national income plus indirect business taxes.B、GNP excludes both capital consumption allowances and indirect business taxes.C、Personal income is regarded as the total money income received by an individual after his or her taxes are paid.D、 The money that goes for capital consumption is not regarded as income.【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题的依据是本段的The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income.这个句子。对原句的词语选项 D 用了别的表达方法，但大意仍保持不变。第22题【单项选择题】【填句补文】It's now socially acceptable, even fashionable, to live alone. As people get better jobs and become financially independent, it becomes possible for them to maintain a one-person household. However, people who do get married are marrying at a later age and divorcing more often.A、There's more pressure to get married nowadays.B、The growing number of women with good jobs has done much to increase the number of people living alone.C、 It seems that many grown-ups today are realizing that childhood dream.D、More and more Americans are living alone.【正确答案】B【答案解析】前句中提到“经济独立'有可能造成保持一个人的家庭生活，B中的 “妇女有好的工作，增加了单身的人数与前句内容正好呼应。11第23题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】Norwich, the capital of the part of Britain known as East Anglia, has been in existence for more than two thousand years. It began as a small village beside the River Wensum.Q: The River Wensum flows by Norwich.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。答题依据在第二句，Norwich是River Wensum旁边的一 个小村庄，就说明了 River Wensum流经Norwicho第24题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】The world is not only hungry; it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earth's surface is covered with water. But about 97% of this huge amount is sea-water, or salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3%-the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources. And we cannot even use all of that, because some of it is in the form of icebergs （冰山）and glaciers （冰I） . Even worse, some of it has been polluted.What percentage of the earth's water can man actually use at present?A、Nearly 75 per cent.B、About 97 per cent.C、Exactly 3 per cent.D、Less than 3 percent.【正确答案】D【答案解析】根据本段得知，地球上只有3%的水适于人类饮用，然而局部以冰 山或冰川的形式存在，还有的被污染，因而实际上人类能用的水要低于3%。第25题【单项选择题】12【填句补文】Doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other people's cigarettes. . The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53, 000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.A、The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke.B、 In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.C、This smoke is called secondhand smoke.D、 No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer.【正确答案】c【答案解析】前一句提到，不吸烟者时常吸入他人香烟中冒出的烟，接下来应首 选对此烟加以定义的句子。第26题【单项选择题】概括大意They always complained （抱怨）more or less justly, that their parents are out of touch with modern ways. They also blamed that their parents always have a final say. And the young felt that their parents do not trust their children to deal with crises. Besides, they dissatisfied too much murmurs of their parents about certain problems and the lack of sense of humor in dealing with the problems, at least in parents-children relationships.The main idea of this paragraph is.A、The criticisms to their parents can be kept out of the young people's mind in following ways.B、It is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of the misunderstanding between them.C、 There are so many criticism to their parents among the young people.D、 Young people have gotten enough reasons to criticize their parents.【正确答案】C13【答案解析】此题段落中的各句列举了年轻人都抱怨其父母些什么，谈的是what are the criticisms?的问题因此选择Co第27题【单项选择题】【概括大意】"Many of life's failures/1 the supreme innovator said, "are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up." Before that magical moment in October 1879, Edison had worked out no fewer than 3,000 theories about electric light, but in only two cases did his experiments work.The main idea of this paragraph is.A、Importance of learning from failureB、Never a successful man gives upC、It is important to fail for a successful manD、Edison'S comment on failure【正确答案】D【答案解析】通过应用局部可以看出这段文字的主题是爱迪生对失败的评论。因 此选择Do第28题【单项选择题】【概括大意】The modem ideas concerning the nature of intelligence are bound to have some effect on our school system. In one respect a change is already occurring. With the move toward comprehensive education and the development of unstreamed classes, fewer children will be given the label "low IQ" which must inevitably condemn a child in his own, if not society's eyes. The idea that we can teach children to be intelligent in the same way that we can teach them reading or arithmetic is accepted by more and more people.The main idea of this paragraph isA、Impact on School EducationB、A Changed View of IntelligenceC、Main Results of Recent Researches14D、Effect of Environment on Intelligence【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题使用了同义词替换的选择技巧，段落中主要讲述的是智力本质 的现代简洁必定会对学校教育产生影响(bound to have some effect on our school system.),选项A中只是将名词effect换为impact。第29题【单项选择题】2007.04 The furniture in her bedroom is quite different from in theliving room.A、thatB、itC、oneD、which【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查复合句。that在本句中指代the furniture,目的是为了避 免重复。which用于引导句子或短语，在此也不能指代the furniture。第30题【单项选择题】【I阅读弟J断】Finally, though a child's "teachers" may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.Q: So far as language teaching is concerned, the teacher/s close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】c【答案解析】答案选c。文章讲虽然儿童习得母语的“教师”可能没有受过专门的 语言教学的训练，但与他的关系却是亲密的、个人化的。但是作者并没有提到在15语言学习中，教师与学生密切的个人关系比教师接受专门的语言教学训练更重要。第31题【单项选择题】2008.04)Fish is and expensive at this time of the year in this area.A、in large measureB、to the minimumC、in short supplyD、to the maximum【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题考查短语意义辨析。这个地区在一年中的这个时候鱼的供应不 足，价格昂贵。in short supply：缺货、供货缺乏。第32题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】Late one Sunday afternoon in September 1999, Oseola McCarty, an elderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden frame house where she had lived and worked most of her life. It may seem like an ordinary end to a humble life, but there was something quite exceptional about this woman. In the summer of 1995, McCarty gave $ 150,000, most of the money she had saved throughout her life, to the University of Southern Mississippi in her hometown. The money was to help other African Americans through university. She had started her savings habit as a young child when she would return from school to clean and iron for money which she would then save.This woman shocked and inspired the world because.A、she had managed to save so much moneyB、she gave her money to African AmericansC、she gave her life savings to help others through universityD、she only spent money on cheap things【正确答案】c【答案解析】答案选c。only是绝对词，在选项D中出现，根据经验排除D；对 照原文第自然段最后句话 there was something quite exceptional about this16woman说她有些特别的地方，接着第二自然段就讲In the summer of 1995, McCarty gave $ 150,000, most of the money she had saved throughout her life, to the University of Southern Mississippi in her hometown.她把大局部积攒的钱捐献 给了家乡的大学，A和B表达都不全面，答案是C。第33题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】The UK is portioned at No. 29, a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family breakdown recorded in official statistics. The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP（人均国内生产总值）after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey. China was in the lower haft of the league at 60th. Q: The United States of America is among the top 10 countries in the survey.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选Bo问题句说"美国位于前十个国家的行列"。The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP （人均国 内生产总值）after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey.该句说“美国的人均国内生产总值排名第2,仅位于卢森 堡之后，因此美国在这项调查中位于第13位。显然问题句的说法与该句的说法 不一致，因此判断问题句错误。第34题【单项选择题】I promise I will remember the book to you.A、returnB、to returnC、returningD、returned【正确答案】B【答案解析】根据I promise可知这件事情还没有做，所以用remember to do。17这句话的意思是：我保证我会记得还书给你。第35题【单项选择题】【I阅读选择】Do you think sitting and studying all the time will improve your grades? Think again. Getting some exercise may help, too. New research with older people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didn't exercise.Walking regularly helps elderly people.A、lose weightB、become happierC、concentrate betterD、look younger【正确答案】C【答案解析】同义词替换有题干替换、选项替换。第36题【单项选择题】2008,10 It took a few seconds for her eyes to to the darkness.A> allocateB、 adoptC、applyD、adjust【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查动词词义辨析。【译文】她花了几秒钟时间使眼睛适应黑 暗。【详细解答】A分配，拨出 B收养，过继 C应用，申请 D调 整，使适合第37题【单项选择题】2010.04 By the end of next year the bridgeA、is to complete18B、has been completedC> will be completedD、will have been completed【正确答案】D【答案解析】【译文】到明年年底之前，这座桥修建将完成。【试题分析】此题 考查语法。【详细解答】动词时态。by the end of到时为止；在之前。将来 完成时态，用于表达在将来某时间以前已经完成的动作。第38题【单项选择题】2009.10 he has many friends, he is often feeling lonely.A、AsB、WhenC、WhileD、Since【正确答案】c【答案解析】【译文】尽管（虽然）他有许多朋友，但他常常感到孤独。【试题 分析】此题考查状语从句的附属连词的选取。第39题【单项选择题】We last night but we went to the concert instead.A、must have studiedB、might studyC、should have studiedD、would study【正确答案】c【答案解析】"should have done"表示过去应该做而实际上没有做到的动作；其否 定式那么表示过去不应该做而实际上已经作了的动作。两者都含有责备之意。第40题【单项选择题】19 fast, the other slow.A、It tells us not to use the injured part until it heals.B、These signals travel from nerve cells in the injured area, up the spinal cord （脊 髓）to the brain, and back down again.C、The first message is the warning signal.D、The other message moves at a speed of only one meter a second.【正确答案】B【答案解析】第一句讲的是疼痛的感觉是由两种信号signals组成的，所以紧接 着就提到两种信号的传播路线。B项恰恰照应了首句意思。第3题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】Good news for chocoholics： the treat preferred by millions all over the world is good for you, according to American researchers at the University of California. Chocolate contains substances called flavonoids（类黄酮）that can help maintain a healthy heart and good circulation. The researchers have discovered that cocoa acts like aspirin and that eating a bar of chocolate has also been shown to release endorphins in the body： these chemicals help to reduce pain and stress and make you feel happy.Why is chocolate good for heart and circulation?A、It reduces pain and stress.B、It contains substances called flavonoids.C、 It releases endorphins in human body.D、 It acts like aspirin to protect heart.【正确答案】B【答案解析】因果关系词信号词。但凡注释中文的地方可能是答案区域。第4题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】The river was so high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets had to be closed to cars and trucks because of the high water. This made it difficult for fire trucks, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who【完成句子】The average lightning strike is more than 3 miles long and can travel at a tenth of the speed of light. Ball lightning, the rarest and most mysterious form, derives its name from the small luminous ball that appears near the impact point, moves horizontally, and lasts for several seconds.One form of lightning that is ball lightning.A、occurs most infrequentlyB、is shifted sideways by strong windsC、is often hidden from our viewD、is estimated at 20 millions a year【正确答案】A【答案解析】本段文字与题目相关的句子是：Ball lightning, the rarest and most mysterious form, derives its name from the small luminous ball., 关键词是