2022年初中英语句子成分.docx

精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载英语句子与汉语句子一样, 都是由单词根据肯定的规章所组成的.不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的. 因此, 只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分,才能正确分析、 懂得句子的含义, 并能精确的遣词造句, 逐步达到流利的说出的道的英语.【问】什么是句子成分？英语句子包含哪些成分？【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分.它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等.【问】各成分在句中的作用如何？分别由哪些词及短语充当？【答】1. 主语：是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当.如：The car is running fast.名词 We are students.代词One of my classmates is from Shanghai.数词 It's bad manners to spit in public.不定式Eating too much is bad for your health.动名词 【留意】如不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语, 而把真正的主语 不定式短语 放在句后.2. 谓语：说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当.动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词.实义动词单独作谓语,连系 动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to 的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分.如：He works in a factory.实义动词 I felt cold.系动词表语 How can I get to the station？ 情态动词实义动词 Do you speak English？ 助动词实义动词 They are working in a field.助动词实义动词 【留意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照料.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载3. 宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象, 一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当.如：He is doing his homework.名词They did nothing this morning.代词 She wants to go home.不定式 We enjoy playing football.动名词 【留意】有的动词可接双宾语,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物.这类动词常见的有： give ,buy,lend ,pass, tell, leave 等.如：He bought me a book.Pass me the ball, will you？ 间宾直宾 直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后,但如把直接宾语放在前面, 就要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to 或 for等.如：Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.直宾间宾 Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.直宾间宾 有的动词常用不定式作宾语,而不能用动名词. 这类动词有： want,wish , hope,promise ,decide ,agree , choose ,care 等.如：I hope to see you again.有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语,而不用不定式.这类动词有：enjoy ,finish, mind, practise,miss , suggest , keepon 等.如：Do you mind my opening the window？有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同.aforget to do表示“未发生的动作”,forget doing表示“已完成的动作”.如：Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.仍没来 I forgot returning the book to him.书已仍给他了 bstop to do不定式为状语 表示“停下可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载原先的事,去做另一件事”,stop doing表示“停止做某事”.如：I stopped to talk with him.我停下来与他谈话. The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.老师进来时同学们停止谈话. 4. 定语：用于修饰名词或代词, 一般由形容词、 名词、数词、不定式等充当.如：What a beautiful kite it is； 形容词 She is a chemistry teacher.名词There are two students in the classroom.数词 We have something to do tomorrow.不定式 The man inblue is my brother.介词短语 【留意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前,但如修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语,就放在后面.5. 状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,一般由副词、介词短语、不定 式短语或从句充当. 单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前,短语或从句放在句首或句末.如：Thank you very much.副词I get up at five in the morning.介词短语 He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.不定式短语 We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.从句【留意】 enough 作状语只能放在被修饰词之后.如： He is old enough to go to school.6. 表语：用于说明主语的身份、特点或感受,一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当.常用的连系动词有： be,look ,get ,sound 听起来 ,feel ,become,smell ,turn ,taste尝起来 等.如： They are workers.名词Two and three is five.数词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载The story is very interesting.形容词 M y job工作is teaching English.动名词 She is at home.介词短语 I feel terrible.形容词 The dish tastes delicious.形容词 7. 宾语补足语： 用于补充说明宾语的动作, 一般位于宾语之后, 宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语.需接复合宾语的动词有：tell,let , help , teach , ask, see,have,order ,make等.“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当.如：We elected him monitor.名词I found it difficult to learn English well.形容词 The doctor told me to do more exercise.不定式短语 He is going to have his hair cut.过去分词 They saw a bird flying in the sky.现在分词 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载