2022年合肥师范学院自考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）.docx

2022年合肥师范学院自考英语（二）练习题 汇总（附答案解析）第1题【单项选择题】2008.10 It is strongly held that new must be introduced to protect theright of the immigrants.A、statisticsB、constructionsC、measuresD、concessions【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题考查名词词义区分。【译文】强烈支持采取新措施维护移民的 权力。【详细解答】A统计学 B建设 C措施，方法 D让步，特许 权第2题【单项选择题】阅读选择Do you think sitting and studying all the time will improve your grades? Think again. Getting some exercise may help, too. New research with older people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didn't exercise.Walking regularly helps elderly people.A、lose weightB、become happierC、concentrate betterD、look younger【正确答案】c【答案解析】同义词替换有题干替换、选项替换。The two girls competed with each other the highest mark.A、forB、withC、toD、against【正确答案】A【答案解析】compete for比赛夺取;compete against/with和竞赛；句意：这两个女孩互相竞争，以取得最高分。第21题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】The riches of the sea yet to be developed by man/s technology are impressive. Oil and gas explorations have existed for nearly thirty years. Valuable amounts of minerals such as iron, copper and so on exist on the ocean floor.According to the author, technology is important because.A、resources on land are running short in ten yearsB、man can use it to explore the deeper seaC、it is a lot of fun diving into the seaD、ancient people used it to explore the sea【正确答案】B【答案解析】本段第一句作者提到The riches of the sea yet to be developed by man's technology are impressive,人类利用技术可以开发的海洋资源是惊人的。 段末说至U： Valuable amounts of minerals such as iron, copper and so on exist on the ocean floor.然而，大量有价值的矿物均还埋藏于海底。如铁，铜等等。其他三项都没有提到。第22题【单项选择题】2009.01 Whenever I go out to dinner with him, I always paying the bill.A、end upB、arrive at10C、drop outD、give off【正确答案】A【答案解析】句意：每当我与他外出吃饭，最后总是我付账。考查短语意义区分。A以而告终；B到达，取得；C不参加，隐退；D散发。第23题【单项选择题】【填句补文】Arms. How you hold your arms shows how open and receptive you are to people you meet. If you keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your back, this suggests you are not afraid of taking on whatever comes your way. If someone upsets you, just cross your arms to show you're unhappy!A、Outgoing people generally use their arms with big movements, while quieter people keep them close to their bodies.B、If you ale feeling down, you normally don't sit straight, with your shoulders inwards.C> However, it will probably still be noticed, and people will know you're not pleased.D>lf you are pleased, you usually open your eyes wide and people can notice this. 【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题可以采用线索词来定位。空格处的前后两个句子都是对arms 在具体情况下具体动作的描述。那么用以补充的句子也应是如此，即选项A开朗 的人和沉默寡言的人手臂的动作，符合条件。第24题【单项选择题】【完成句子】The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the past few decades, and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for a number of elements such as iodine, zinc and selenium. For example, soils with low iodine contents produce crops, and animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious11diseases.Some serious diseases is connected with deficiency ofA、industrially polluted soilsB、the element of iodineC、rock and soil chemistryD、the persistence of heavy metals【正确答案】B【答案解析】通过关键词Some serious diseases,可将题目定位于最后一句话：A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases. deficiency of 和 lack of表达同样的意思缺乏、缺少，因此根据这句话可以判断答案为B。第25题【单项选择题】【概括大意】Wignall calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The main idea of this paragraph is.A、Killing Power of Ancient Volcanic EruptionsB、Accounting for the Killing Power of Older EruptionsC、Calculation of the Killing Power of Older EruptionsD、A Mass Extinction【正确答案】C【答案解析】本段第一句话是说：Wignall calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes.； Wignall计算了这些火山的灭绝效率 ；其中killing efficiency与 killing Power意思差不多，属于同义词转换，因此选择B或C,但是account for意 思是：（在数量方面）占；说明（原因等）不符合句意，因此不选择B。第26题【单项选择题】today.today.your strength today to do what IA、need, done12B、need, doingC> need, to doingD、need, need to do【正确答案】D【答案解析】题目意思：今天，我需要你的力量，来做好我需要去做的事情。第27题【单项选择题】2007.04 Because of the bad weather, the sports meet had to be.A、shut downB、done awayC、gone offD、called off【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查词义辨析。call off：取消，符合句意。shut down：关闭（工 厂）；（工厂）停工，关闭。do away常与with搭配，构成do away with。go off： 爆炸，（闹铃）响。第28题【单项选择题】【填句补文】The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics., That is at least as important as how much we know.A、 Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends.B、 He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.C、 Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes.D、 In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.13【正确答案】D【答案解析】后句中的代词we在D中才有呼应的代词，而且在文章最后出现观 点句是通常论述文的开展特点，因此判断D正确。第29题【单项选择题】2010.04 Even after decades of the two brothers recognized each otherimmediately.A、separationB、cooperationC、correspondenceD、communication【正确答案】A【答案解析】【译文】尽管已经分别了几十年，这两兄弟都是立刻认出了对方。【试题分析】此题考查词汇。【详细解答】名词的词义选取。第30题【单项选择题】2008.10 Johnson was unknown before running for the presidency.A> visiblyB、visuallyC、verticallyD、virtually【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查（形近的）副词词义区分。译文：事实上，约翰逊在参选 总统职位之前是个无名人土。A显然，明显地 B外表上，直观地C垂直地， 直立地 D实际上，事实上第31题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】Secondary school had its own share of challenges. I was a tall kid and wasn't good at any sport, except looking. I loved basketball and tennis. The first day I 14held a racket, and I was disgraced by my opponent. He won six straight sets without sweat and there I was, sweating badly like I'd run a marathon, whereas I hadn't even made a single point.Stanley was disgraced by his classmate in a.A、basketball gameB、tennis gameC、marathon gameD、football game【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选Bo词义理解和事实细节题。通过关键词disgrace,考生可 迅速定位至本段，再通过本段的关键词racket,可以判定正确答案是网球比赛。第32题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】The riches of the sea yet to be developed by man's technology are impressive. Oil and gas explorations have existed for nearly thirty years. Valuable amounts of minerals such as iron, copper and so on exist on the ocean floor.According to the author, technology is important because.A、resources on land are running short in ten yearsB、man can use it to explore the deeper seaC、it is a lot of fun diving into the seaD> ancient people used it to explore the sea【正确答案】B【答案解析】本段第一句作者提到The riches of the sea yet to be developed by man's technology are impressive,人类利用技术可以开发的海洋资源是惊人的。 段末说至U： Valuable amounts of minerals such as iron, copper and so on exist on the ocean floor.然而，大量有价值的矿物均还埋藏于海底。如铁，铜等等。其他三 项都没有提到。第33题【单项选择题】2009.01 I was writing a report last night;I would not have stayed up late.15A、howeverB、otherwiseC、thereforeD、furthermore【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查副词词义辨析。句意：我昨天晚上写一个报告，否那么我就 不会熬夜了。A然而，不过；B否那么，要不然；C因此，所以；D再者，而且。第34题【单项选择题】【完成句子】The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the past few decades, and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for a number of elements such as iodine, zinc and selenium. For example, soils with low iodine contents produce crops, and animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases.Some serious diseases is connected with deficiency of.A、industrially polluted soilsB、the element of iodineC、rock and soil chemistryD、the persistence of heavy metals【正确答案】B【答案解析】通过关键词Some serious diseases,可将题目定位于最后一句话：A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases, deficiency of 和 lack of表达同样的意思"缺乏、缺少，因此根据这句话可以判断答案为B。第35题【单项选择题】【2009.7 An employee has perfect reliability if he always does his work.A、personallyB、scarcelyC、respectively16D、responsibly【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查副词意义区分。【译文】如果一个员工做工作总是认真负 责，他就是完全可信赖的。【详细解答】A亲自地；B几乎不；C个别地；D可靠 地第36题【单项选择题】2009.10 There are many sales this season, during which stores will lower their prices.A、normalB、generalC、ordinaryD、usual【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查形容词辨析。整句话的意思为:这个季节有很多促销活动， 在此期间商店都会降低商品的原价。A正常的、平常的B普通的、一般的C普 通的 D寻常的、通常的第37题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken.Q: People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000 years ago.A、TrueB、FalseC> Not Given【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。利用 10, 000作为答案线索词（因为年代通常是用数字17 表示），于是发现有句子提到当生活在约一万年前中东地区的人们发现从某些植 物中可以收获粮食，并且播种后下一个收获季节还能产出更多的粮食时，就迈开 了植物和人类联系的第1大步。第38题【单项选择题】【填句补文】Doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other people's cigarettes. . The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53, 000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.A、The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke.B、 In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.C、 This smoke is called secondhand smoke.D、 No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer.【正确答案】c【答案解析】前一句提到，不吸烟者时常吸入他人香烟中冒出的烟，接下来应首 选对此烟加以定义的句子。第39题【单项选择题】【完成句子】Heavy metals are persistent; they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning. Industrially contaminated sites usually require a thorough clean-up due to.A、the persistence of heavy metalsB、industrially polluted soils18C、naturally polluted soilsD rock and soil chemistry【正确答案】A【答案解析】本段提到：受到污染的土壤含有重金属，而且重金属很稳定，不容 易降解，所以要对重金属进行彻底的清除。答案选择A。第40题【单项选择题】2009.10 There are many sales this season, during which stores will lower theirprices.A、normalB、generalC、ordinaryD、usual【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查形容词辨析。整句话的意思为:这个季节有很多促销活动， 在此期间商店都会降低商品的原价。A正常的、平常的B普通的、一般的C普 通的 D寻常的、通常的第41题【单项选择题】It makes good to bring an umbrella; it seems to be raining today.A、 senseB、reasonC、suggestionD、advice【正确答案】A【答案解析】题目意思：今天天气看起来要下雨了，因此带着伞是合情合理的。 此题是 短语意义区分题。此题是A . to make (good) sense "很有意义、合乎情理 的、明智的B 原因 C建议 D劝告19第3题【单项选择题】【填句补文】The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past, scientists did not think that these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker's health. They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic （有毒的） chemicals in their bodies.A、The Gilsons have been married for 35 years.B、 Recently, though, scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers.C、We cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants.D、 In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.【正确答案】B【答案解析】前一句讲的是科学家们过去对二手烟的看法，接下来应选表示他们 改变观点的句子，因为下一句说明他们所持的观点已与过去截然不同。第4题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a trial by combat to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment, allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. The word "allegiance" is closest in meaning to.A、loyaltyB、objectiveC、survivalD、motive【正确答案】A【答案解析】解此题可用同类词关系进行判断。在allegiance前后的两个词分别第42题【单项选择题】The oceans do not so much divide the world unite it.A、asB、 thatC> butD、like【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查固定句型：not so much.as.,这个句型用以肯定as后面 的内容，而在一定程度上否认as前面的内容，表示“与其说还不如说.，”更多 的是而不是句意：与其说世界以洋分界，不如说以洋连在一起。第43题【单项选择题】【填句补文】Posture. A good posture makes you feel better about yourself. This makes breathing more difficult, which in turn can make you feel nervous or uncomfortable.A、If you are feeling down, you normally don't sit straight, with your shoulders inwards.B> Body language is a broad term for several forms of communication using body movements or gestures.C、 Body language differs from culture to culture.D、If you are at interviews, try to keep them still.【正确答案】A【答案解析】本段讲的是身体姿势。填充句后一个句子提到“this”会使呼吸更加 困难，this显然指的是一种不太好的身体姿势，因此此题答案为A。第44题【单项选择题】【填句补文】Rough estimates in the past have predicted similarly disappointing results. Says Sallie Chishol, an environmental engineer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "But the take-home message is the same.20Ocean fertilization is not the answer to global warming."A、"These are newer and better models,"B、 Its opponents argue, however, that it will stop global warming.C、 Adding iron to patches of ocean can make plankton bloom temporarily.D、As plankton die and settle on the ocean floor, their carbon is supposedly locked up in the seabed.【正确答案】A【答案解析】这个问题可以根据引号来作答，因为空格后面有“says这个词，它 预示着所填入的句子应该是带引号的。A的意思是：这些是比拟新的也是比拟好 的模型。第45题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】Late one Sunday afternoon in September 1999, Oseola McCarty, an elderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden frame house where she had lived and worked most of her life. It may seem like an ordinary end to a humble life, but there was something quite exceptional about this woman. In the summer of 1995, McCarty gave $ 150,000, most of the money she had saved throughout her life, to the University of Southern Mississippi in her hometown. The money was to help other African Americans through university. She had started her savings habit as a young child when she would return from school to clean and iron for money which she would then save.This woman shocked and inspired the world because.A、she had managed to save so much moneyB、she gave her money to African AmericansC、she gave her life savings to help others through universityD、she only spent money on cheap things【正确答案】c【答案解析】答案选c。only是绝对词，在选项D中出现，根据经验排除D；对 照原文第一自然段最后一句话 there was something quite exceptional about this woman说她有些特别的地方，接着第二自然段就讲In the summer of 1995,21McCarty gave $ 150,000, most of the money she had saved throughout her life, to the University of Southern Mississippi in her hometown.她把大局部积攒的钱捐献 给了家乡的大学，A和B表达都不全面，答案是C。第46题【单项选择题】2009.04 Don't trust everything you have read in the newspapers.A、w