第3讲 语篇体裁之记叙文（人物传记类）结构化整理-2022年高考英语语篇阅读结构化详解.docx

第三讲语篇体裁之记叙文（人物传记）结构化整理一、作业讲解二、新课导入继信息比照类的应用文之后，记叙文是高考英语试卷中另一个相对简单的文体。它以表达、描写为主 要表达方式，以记人、叙事为主要内容。语文阅读学习中我们知道,记叙文有六要素：时间、遮、人物、 事件的起因、经过和结果。记叙文的解题思路就是找到一定的线索，弄清事件的来龙去脉。常见的线索包 括以下几种：人物经历开展的线索、事件开展的顺序、人物思想感情的变化、作者思想感情的变化和时间 空间的变化等。另外我们必须要明确的是，讲故事必定有其目的：证明某一理论、说明某一概念、赞美某 种品德、谴责某种罪恶等。记叙文有它的文体特征：重大意义背景描写讲述故事主线写作意图我们把高考英语试卷中的记叙文按其写作意图分为两局部来进行结构化解读，第一局部就是单纯的叙事,A. It would be given to Odie.C It would be returned to Peter.B - It would be kept by Ann' family.D. It would be taken away by Tracy.【作业2】Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said: "Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today-and 45minutes each day fbr the rest of the week.”A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would inffectC感染）other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, "But I'm just not creative.“Do you dream at night when you,re asleep?”“Oh, sure.”“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams." The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. "That's pretty creative. Who does that fbr you?”“Nobody. I do it/5“Reallyat night, when you're asleep?”“Sure."“Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?”l.The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to.A. know more about the studentsB. make the lessons more excitingC. raise the students5 interest in artD. teach the students about toy design.What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?A. He liked to help his teacher.B. He preferred to study alone.C. He was active in class.D. He was imaginative.2 .What does the underlined word “downside“ in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Mistake.B. Drawback.C. Difficulty. D. Burden.3 .Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?A. To help them to see their creativity.B. To find out about their sleeping habits.C. To help them to improve their memoiyD. To find out about their ways of thinking.有故事发生的完整环境和情节，第二局部叙事却非单纯的叙事，而叙事之后得出总结（通常为一人生大道 理）并把这种结论传递下去才是作者最根本的写作目的。那么本讲将对第一局部进行解读。三、知识点讲解1、Timeline记叙文的展开必不可少的有一条不变的线索，而最常见的一条线就是时间线，所以我们可以按照这条Timeline，把文本信息进行结构化整理。请看以下文本：Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking fbr a house fbr me and our children.During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband's name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can （垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath.My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a halfwritten letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.我们不难看出，本文主要讲述my husband在异国他乡Sydney发生的一件事。按按照故事发生的时间顺序我们可以对文本内容进行如下整理:Rashid arrived in Sydney alone-looking fbr a house fbr usAfter shopping-suitcase was gone with all important papers in itReported to the police, lost and lonely in a strange cityA stranger called-found tlie papers in tlieir trash canat family restored both the papers and our faith and trust in people有了这个Timeliness,整个故事就很清晰明了了。现在我们来看具体题目：1: What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?A. Go shopping B. Find a house C. Join his family D. Take his family 2:The girl's parents got Rashid's phone number from.A a friend of his familyB. a Sydney policemanC. a letter in his papersD. a stranger in Sydney3: What does the underlined word"restoredin the last paragraph mean?A. ShowedB. Sent outC. DeliveredD. Gave back4:Which of the following can be the best title for the text?B. From India to Australia.B. Living in a a New Country.C. Turning Trash to Treasure.D. In Search of New Friends.【练习1】按Timeline形式分析以下文本并完成相应题Surviving Hurricane Sandy（飓风桑迪）Natalie Doan, 14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house. "It's the ocean that makes Rockaway so special J she says.On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie's family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridge closed.When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie's friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie's school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.“My mom tells me that I can't control what happens to me J Natalie says, “but I can always choose how I deal with it."Natalie's choice was to help.She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick's collection was replaced.In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-needed supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.Today, the scars（创痕）of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. "I can't imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,“ Natalie declares. "My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.1. When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found.A. some friends had lost their livesB. her neighborhood was destroyedC. her school had moved to BrooklynD. the elderly were free from sufferingAccording to Paragraph 4, who inspired Natalie most?A. The people helping Rockaway rebuild.B. The people trapped in high-rise buildings.C. The volunteers donating money to survivors.D. Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.3. How did Natalie help the survivors?A. She gave her toys to other kids.C. She called on the White House to help.4. What does the story intend to tell us?A. Little people can make a big difference.C. East or west, home is best.B. She took care of younger children.D. She built an information sharing platformB. A friend in need is a friend indeed.D. Technology is power.Natalie lives in Rockaway, near the oceanOn October 29, 2012,Hurricane Sandy came.Rockaway was hit especially hardJuckily.Natalie9 s family escaped to BrooklynThe next day tliey returned-tlie neighborhood in ruins .homeless; .suffering; .damaged"All kinds of help came: neighbors.; volunteers.; teenagers. Natalie herself.Scars can still be seen, but hope is in tlie airLine chart除了上述比拟单一的故事情节之外，还有一些记叙文描述的故事有曲折有波澜，这样的文章用折线图能够更清晰的展示故事转折和开展方向。请看以下文本：My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money fbr my birthday instead of clothes that wouldn't fit. I let a salesclerk fbol me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements fbr the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautiful when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didn't get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static（静电）noise. For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound fbr a few seconds. Gradually, this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back. Sometimes this technique would not work, and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles（肌肉）shaking my set.When neither of these methods removed the static noise, I would sit helplessly and wait fbr the noise to go away. At last I ended up hitting the set with my first, and it stopped working altogether. My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the sit is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble.I got it Worked so welL Keep over a year it on until no channelsFist itStop working通过此line chart就能够非常清晰地看出故事开展的趋向和变化的好坏，是对文本内容一个明了化的 解读。我们再看一下题目：21. Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?A.He got an older model than he had expected.B.He couldn't return it when it was broken.C. He could have bought it at a lower price.D. He failed to find any movie shows on it.22. Which of the following an best replace the phrase "signed off' in paragraph 1?A. ended all their programsB. provided fewer channelsC. changed to commercialsD. showed all-night moviesHow did the author finally get this TV set working again?A. By shaking and hitting itB. By turning it on and ofFC. By switching channelsD. By having it repairedHow does the author sound when telling the story?A. Curious B. Anxious C. Cautious D. Humorous【练习2请设计一个用于整理Kong' s career of music为结构化信息的line chart:The famous classical pianist, Kong Xiangdong, surprised his fans last week by giving a concert combining classical music with Chinese folk music. Kong explained that he tried this because he wanted to create something new. “As a musician, playing the same music in different cities of the world is very boring J says Kong. He also feels that playing Chinese folk music on the piano can help bring it to the rest of the world.Music has always been part of Kong's world. As his mother was a great music lover, he lived with music from birth. But it wasn't always easy fbr the young Kong Xiangdong. His mother couldn't buy him a piano until he was seven. She had to draw piano keys on a piece of paper so that he could learn to play as early as possible. The 5-year-oId Kong would practise on the paper piano as his mother clapped the rhythm. He was made to practise the piano so much that, at times, he thought about giving up. However, he didn't quit, and he became a great pianist. In 1986, at the age of 18, he became the youngest prize winner in Moscow's Tchaikovsky International Competition. He went on to win awards in competitions across the world.Because of Kong's talent and hard work, he became famous worldwide. But after years of performing, he felt the in some ways he had lost his identity. This is way he went back to his roots and rediscovered the beauty in Chinese folk music. He began experimenting with different styles and his Dream Tour Concert is the result.Kong's new experiment in Chinese folk music is so important to him that he even changed his appearance. When he arrived at his concert last week, he had shaved off all his hair! Since his music style was new, he decided his hairstyle had to be new too!Whether Kong is changing his appearance of transforming his music, he is a pioneer in music today. The concern last week was such a success that Kong's Dream Tour Concert is expected to run for the next two years inBeijing, Shanghai, and other main cities before going to Paris and New York.Made to practice so much-thought ab out giving up课堂小结记叙文是文本阅读中相对来说简单的一个文体，不仅仅表达在词汇的简单，更是表达在结构的易把握, 只要我们找到故事开展的一个线索，就可以很容易地对文本进行解析，从而全面准确掌握文本信息内容。本讲主要针对按时间开展顺序的结构划分即Timeline以及按故事开展趋向即line chart两个文本类型进 行讲解口划分。这两个模板可以应用于记叙文中比拟单纯的叙事类文本解读。五.课后作业任选Timeline or line chart分析以下文本并完成相应题目：【作业1】One morning, Ann's neighbor Tracy found a lost dog wandering around the local elementary school. She asked Ann if she could keep an eye on the dog. Ann said that she could watch it only fbr the day.Tracy took photos of the dog and printed off 400 FOUND fliers （传单），and put them in mailboxes. Meanwhile, Ann went to the dollar store and bought some pet supplies, warning her two sons not to fall in love with the dog. At the time, Ann's son Thomas was 10 years old, and Jack, who was recovering from a heart operation, was 21 years old.Four days later Ann was still looking after the dog, whom they had started to call Riley. When she arrived home from work, the dog threw itself against the screen door and barked madly at her. As soon as she opened the door, Riley dashed into the boys' room where Ann found Jack suffering from a heart attack. Riley ran over to Jack, but as soon as Ann bent over to help him the dog went silent.“If it hadn't come to get me, the doctor said Jack would have died J Ann reported to a local newspaper. At this point, no one had called to claim the dog, so Ann decided to keep it.The next morning Tracy got a call. A man named Peter recognized his lost dog and called the number on the flier. Tracy started crying, and told him, “That dog saved my friend's son