高中英语高考英语名词知识点及典型例题带答案第a7537期.docx

高中英语高考英语名词知识点及典型例题带答案单项选择题(精选试题-名师出品)Xiongan New Area(XNA) in Hebei Province will cover around 200 square kilometres after its.A. expectations. expansionC. exceptionD. exhibition答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：河北雄安新区扩建后将占地约200平方公里。A. expectation期待；B.expansion扩 大，扩建；C. exception 例外；D. exhibition 展览。根据上文“cover around 200 square kilometres afte门ts”可知, 表示扩建后将占地约200平方公里，应用expansiono应选B。2、Applying for jobs can be a long and painful.A. processB. benefitC. positionD. climate答案：A解析：考查名词辨析。句意:求职可能是一个漫长而又艰难的历程。A. process过程；B.benefit益处；C.position位 置；D. climate气候。根据Applying for jobs可知，求职是一个过程，应选A。3> They make to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe.A. transports. vehicleC. transportationD. vehicles答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们制造运载工具，把勇敢的人送入太空，探索宇宙的秘密。A. transport运输；B. vehicle车辆，运载工具；C. transportation运输工具。根据"to carry brave people into space可知，他们制造运 载工具将人送入太空。名词vehicle为可数名词，前无冠词，所以用复数形式。应选D。4、 When the engine would not start, the mechanic inspected all the parts to find what was at.A. wrongB. troubleC. faultD. difficulty答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：力图帮助环境，在我们镇上不允许使用塑料袋。A. attempt试图；B. stuff材料；C. depth深度；D. disaster灾难。根据前后文的意思可知用in an attempt表示力图、试图符合句意。应选A项。31、 The ability to keep calm is one of her many. Owing to that, she was promoted to deal with the emergency.A. basesB. challengesC. benefitsD. strengths答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：保持冷静的能力是她的许多优点之一。因此，她被提拔去处理紧急情况。A. bases 基础,基地；B. challenges挑战；C.benefits好处;D.strengths优点。结合句意可知,此处指保持冷静是她众 多优点之一，strength符合题意。应选D。32、 I have a strong for country life because it brings me peace in mind.A. benefitB. reliefC. preferenceD. defence答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对乡村生活有着强烈的喜好，因为它给我带来心灵的平和。A. benefit益处；B. relief慰藉；C.preference爱好,偏好；D.defence防御。由because引导的原因状语从句内容推断，这是"我" 喜欢、向往乡村生活的理由。应选C。33、 Many people make a sharp between humans and other animals.A. balanceB. examinationC. distinctionD. conclusion答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:许多人把人类和其他动物区分得很清楚。A. balance平衡；B. examination检查；C.10distinction区分;D. conclusion结论。根据后文“between humans and other animals指区分人类和其它动物,应用 distinctiono 应选 Co34、Linda wants to go abroad for further study after graduating from high school, but she needs to ask for her parents.A. movements. professionC. destinationD. permission答案：D 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：琳达高中毕业后想要出国深造，但是她需要征求父母的许可。A.movement运动;B.profession职业；C.destination目的地；D.permission准许。结合句意可知，permission”准许符合题意，应选择D项。35、A butterfly is a flying with a long thin body and four large, usually brightly coloured, wings.A. dolphinB. dinosaurC. posterD. insect答案：D 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：蝴蝶是一种会飞的昆虫，身体细长，有四只通常色彩鲜艳的大翅膀。A.dolphin海豚；B.dinosaur恐龙；C.poster海报；D.insect昆虫。根据butterfly可知,这是一种昆虫。应选D。36、Today, as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to protect them from.A. destinations. extinctionC. exhibitionD. institution答案：B 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，随着我们对鲨鱼了解的越来越多，越来越多的人想要保护它们免于灭绝。A.destination 目的地;B. extinction 灭绝；C. exhibition 展览；D. institution 机构。根据前文 protect them from 等 句意可知，此处指保护鲨鱼免于灭绝。应选B项。37、Before getting on a coach, a train or plane, you must have the of your bag checked to make sure you11aren't carrying any dangerous things.A. detailsB. contentsC. ingredientsD. entrances答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在上长途汽车、火车或飞机之前，你必须检查一下包里的东西，以确保你没有携 带任何危险物品。A.details细节；B. contents内容，所容纳之物；J ingredients原料；D.entrances入口。由 语意可知，为了确保没有携带危险物品，你必须检查包里所装的东西。应选B项。38、Jamie deserves the for trying his best to save the drowning boy.A. creditB. blameC. shockD. stress答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：杰米竭尽全力抢救落水男孩，值得赞扬。A. credit赞扬；B.blame责备；C. shock 震惊；D.stress 压力。根据后文“for trying his best to save the drowning boy”可知是值得赞扬，应用 credit。故 选Ao39、The of the group that will be studied depends on the interests of the researcher: all high schoolstudents, all college students, or half high school students and half college students.A. ingredientB. conventionC. compoundD. composition答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：被研究小组的组成取决于研究人员的兴趣：所有高中生，所有大学生，或者一半 高中生一半大学生。A. ingredient原料，成分；B.convention习俗，惯例，大会；C pound混合物，合成 词；D. composition成分构成，组成，创作。由语意可知，composition"成分构成，组成符合题意。应选D项。40> From the Tokyo Olympics to the 14th National Games, outstanding performances from China's athletes show the country's drive for a sports powerhouse in and innovation.12A. expectations. passionC. mysteryD. imagination答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：从东京奥运会到第十四届全运会，中国运发动的出色表现展现了中国体育强国的 激情和创新精神。A.expectation 期待；B.passion 激情；C.mystery 谜；D.imagination 想象力。根据"showthe country's drive for a sports powerhouse in and innovation”可知，句子表示“中国运发动的出色表现展现了中国体育强国的激情和创新精神，因此空格处意为激情，是passion,应选B。41> Students study at their own and the teachers seldom set tests.A. netB. outlineC. contestD. pace答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：学生按照自己的节奏学习，老师很少设置考试。Amet网；B.outline大纲； C.contest比赛；D.pace速度，节奏。根据后半句老师很少设置考试，可推断前面学生都是按照自己的节奏学 习，应选D。42> We stay in with each other by telephone.A. contacts. contractC. constructD. confuse答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们通过 保持联系。A. contact联系；B.contract合同；C.construct构想；D. confuse混淆。固定搭配：in contact with与有联系"。应选A。43> We can see monuments here and there. Those who have made great to human beings and society willnever be forgotten.A. conclusionsB. attractionsC. contributionsD. achievements13答案：c 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以看到到处都是纪念碑。那些对人类和社会做出过重大贡献的人将永远不会被忘记。A.conclusions 结论；B.attractions 吸引力；C.contributions 贡献；D.achievements 成就。结合句意， 此处是短语：make great contributions to,意为“对做出重大贡献”。应选C。44> You'll get a false of the town if you only visit the university.A. impressionB. companyC. youthD. rent答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你只参观大学，你会对这个城市产生错误的印象。A.impression印象；B pany公司；C.youth青春;D.rent租金。结合"visit the university和选项可推知，句中谈论的是对大学和 城市的印象，"a false impression错误的印象，符合语境。应选A。45> Children's over-dependence on cellphones has become one of the top of modern parents.A. benefitsB. concernsC. responsesD. functions答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子对手机的过度依赖已经成为现代父母最担忧的问题之一。A. benefits好处；B.concerns 担忧的事；C. responses 反响；D. functions 功能。 根据上文"Children's over-dependence on cellphoneshas become one of the top”可知指孩子对手机的过度依赖已经成为现代父母最担忧的问题之一，应用concerno 应选Bo46、Some department stores offer a 20% discount on food products six hours before the date on theproduct.A. packagingB. expirationC. composition答案：B14解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些百货公司在食品保质期前6小时提供20%的折扣。A.packaging外包装；B.expiration 到期；C. composition 作文。根据"offer a 20% discount on food products”可知，食品到期之前百货公 司才会打折,expiration date (食物的)有效期。应选B。47、He made a great to the development of the new medicine.A. challenges. contributionC. characterD. concern答案：B解析：考查名词。句意：他对新药品的开展做出了巨大贡献。A. challenge挑战；B. contribution贡献；C.character角 色；D. concern担忧。分析句子可知，动作的对象是新药品的研发，结合选项这里应该指他对此做出了贡献, 符合短语 make a contribution to。应选 B 项。48、 The second he heard the news, a(n) of surprise appeared on his face.A. attentions. expressionC. impressionD. appearance答案:B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他一听到这个消息，脸上就露出惊讶的表情。A.attention注意力；B. expression表 情；Compression印象；D. appearance出现。根据"appeared on his face.”可知，脸上露出惊讶的表情。应选B 项。49> Angela and Ajani will pick up the marriage after they meet online several times, which is not sensible.A. acquisitionB. identificationC. certificateD. qualification答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：Angela和Ajani在网上见过几次面后就去领取结婚证，这是不明智的。A.acquisition 习得；B. identification 识别；C. certificate 证明；D. qualification 资格。结合句意和句中"which is15not sensible可推知，Angela和Ajani在网上见过几次面后就结婚领证，是不明智的行为。名词词组marriage certificate意为“结婚证书，符合句意。应选C项。50、We should respect the people's religious.A. blossomB. beliefC. poetD. award答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们应该尊重人民的宗教信仰。A. blossom花朵;B. belief信仰;C.poet诗人;D. award奖励。由religious可知，此处指"宗教信仰"。应选B项。51、Linda gave us a vivid of her trip to Mount Lushan after her return.A. directions. explanationC. imaginationD. account答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：琳达回来后给我们生动地描述了她的庐山之行。A.direction方向；B.explanation解 释；C.imagination想象力;D.account描述。由“of her trip to Mount Lushan”可知,句子表示“琳达回来后给我们 生动地描述了她的庐山之行，空格处是描述，应选D。52> Mum's "Little Bank" was used for sudden, such as the time when Christine broke her arm and had to be taken to a doctor.A. emergenciesB. proposalsC. functionsD. individuality答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：妈妈的小银行被用于应对突然发生对的紧急情况，例如当克里斯丁弄伤胳膊并 且不得不带去看医生时。A.emergencies紧急情况；B.proposals建议；C.functions功能；D.individuality个性。 结合下文例如当克里斯丁弄伤胳膊并且不得不带去看医生时可知，上文说的是突然发生的紧急情况，emergencies“紧急情况符合句意，应选择A项。1653、 The US said it was ready to join the between the six countries and Iran.A. translations. determinationC. definitionD. negotiation答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国表示，它已准备好参加六国与伊朗之间的谈判。A. translation翻译；B.determination 决心；C. definition 定义；D. negotiation 谈判。 根据"between the six countries and Iran.可矢口， 此 处表示参加六国与伊朗之间的谈判。应选D。54> The of this city are quite a few, like its theme park, the Huge Open-air Water-screen Film, the SundayParade of Citizens, and so on.A. collectionsB. attractionsC. relationsD. occasions答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个城市的吸引人之处有很多，比方它的主题公园、大型露天水幕电影、周日市 民游行等等。A. collections 收集；B. attractions 吸弓I ； C. relations 关系;D. occasions 场合。根据后文“of this city are quite a few, like its theme park, the Huge Open-air Water-screen Film, the Sunday Parade of Citizens, and so on”可知此处指这个城市的吸引人之处，应用collections。应选B。55、 The of a passage gives readers very important information about the main idea of it.A. titleB. homeworkC. houseworkD. panic答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一篇文章的标题可以给读者提供有关文章主旨的重要信息。A. title标题；B.homework家庭作业;C.housework家务；D.panic惊恐。根据"the main idea ”可知，此处表示文章的标题。故 选Ao17答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当发动机发动不起来时，技工检查了所有的部件以找出毛病所在。A. wrong坏事; B. trouble麻烦；C.fault故障；D.difficulty困难。由语意可知，发动机无法起动时，必定是机器出故障了。固 定短语at fault译为：出毛病，出故障。应选C。5、 It is generally agreed that new contents should be added to a good dictionary at regular.A. gapsB. lengthC. intervalsD. distance答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们普遍认为一本好词典应该定期增加新内容。A. gaps隔阂，代沟；B. length长 度；C. intervals间隔，间歇；D.distance距离。结合句意表达定期用at regula门intervals。应选C。6、You can take as many as you like because they are free of.A. chargeB. fareC. moneyD. pay答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可以想拿多少就拿多少，因为他们是免费的。A. charge费用；B. fare车费；C. money钱；D.pay薪水，工资。根据上文"because they are free of”表示"免费"短语为free of charge,应选A。7、 Everyone must follow his advice and Mr. Wang, our headmaster, was no.A. exceptions. expectationC. experienceD. expression答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人都必须听从他的建议，我们的王校长也不例外。A. exception例外；B.expectation 期待；C. experience 经验；D. expression 表达。根据上文“Everyone must follow his advice”可知，王校长也不例外。应选A。8、You must read the on the bottle and take the right amount of medicine.A. explanationsB. introductionsC. constrictionsD. instructions答案：D 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你必须仔细阅读药瓶上的说明，然后服用正确的剂量。A. explanations解释；B.introductions 介绍；C. constrictions 压缩；D. instructions 说明。根据句中“take the right amount of medicine" nJ推知，要读的是用药说明，instructions常用复数形式，表示说明，说明书，符合句意。应选D项。9、Sometimes a strong others' attention might indicate a (n)self-confidence.A. passion for, adjustment todevotion to; compassion inB. fascination with; approach todesire for; lack of答案：D 解析:考查名词与介词的搭配。句意：有时候，强烈渴望得到别人的关注可能说明你缺乏自信。Apassion for对 的强烈爱好，adjustment to 对的调整;B.devotion to 致力于,compassion in 对的同情；C. fascinationwith对的迷恋，approach to做的方法；D.desire for对的强烈渴望,lack of缺乏。根据语境和常识, 只有D项逻辑关系通顺，即：渴望被别人关注是一个人缺乏自信的表现，应选D。10> Your car is less than a year old, so it is still under.A. boundaryB. tailorC. guaranteeD. arrangement答案：C 解析: 考查固定搭配。句意：你的车使用不到一年，所以仍在保修期内。A. boundary边界；B. tailor裁剪；C.guarantee保证；担保；D. arrangement安排。分析句子并结合句意可知，此处为固定搭配under guarantee, 意为在保修期内。应选C。11、 Despite such a big difference in towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regardthe Chinese food as something special.A. attitudeB. meansC. pointD. sight答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管人们对吃什么的态度有很大的不同，但毫无疑问，西方人认为中国菜很特别。A.attitude态度；B. means方法；A point观点;D. sight视野,视力。短语attitude towards表示"对 的态度” 符合句意。应选A项。12、 To his, it rained every day and ruined the trip.A. disappointmentB. delightC. amazementD. satisfaction答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：让他失望的是，每天都在下雨，毁掉了这次旅行。A. disappointment失望；B.delight喜悦；C.amazement惊讶；D. satisfaction满意。由句意推断，句中描述的事实是令人失望的，应使用 to one's disappointment表示“令人失望的是。应选A。13、 If man continued to waste natural resources with no thought for the future, the later would be in danger.A. representativesB. operatorsC. generationsD. candidates答案：c解析：考查名词。句意：如果人类不为未来着想而继续浪费自然资源，后代将处于危险之中。A.representatives代表;B operators经营者;C.generations世代；D.candidates候选人。结合句意，后代将会处于危险之中。应选C。14> Sara, try to do everything to the best within your.OK, I w川.A. abilityB. habitC. powerD. attention答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一一莎拉，尽你所能做到最好。一一好的，我会的。A. ability能力；B. habit习惯； Cpower权力;D. attention注意力。根据句意可知,句中指在你的"能力范围内，尽力把一切做到最好。"ability意为能力，名词词性,符合句意。应选A项。15、 J.K. Rowling, the of Harry Potter, has gone through many difficulties in her writing.A. carB. hintC. posterD. author答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈利波特的作者JK罗琳在写作中经历了许多困难。A.car汽车；B.hint暗示;C.poster海报;D. author作者。根据句意和常识可知，J.K. Rowling是哈利波特的作者，用名词author, 意为作者。应选D项。16、My mother is in a middle school. She teaches history very well.A. driverB. dancerC. teacherD. writer答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈是中学老师。她历史教得非常好。A. driver司机；B.dancer舞蹈演员；C. teacher教师；D.writer作家。根据句中"She teaches history very well"可知,我妈妈历史教得非常好，因此她 是一名教师。应选C项。17、 Citizens are braving the to get nucleic acid tests as COVID-19 outbreak has reoccurred in Harbin.A. elementsB. seasonC. factorsD. climate答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着新型冠状病毒在哈尔滨再次爆发，市民们正勇敢地接受核酸检测。A.elements 要素；B. season 季节；C. factors 因素；D. climate 气候。根据后文“to get nucleic acid tests”表示"勇敢 做某事应用 brave the elements to。应选 A。18、 I wrote him a letter to show my of his thoughtfulness.A. achievementB. agreementC. attentionD. appreciation答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我给他写了一封信，对他的体贴关怀表示感谢。A. achievement成就；B.agreement同意；C.attention注意力;D. appreciation感谢。结合句意可知,此处是表达对别人体贴的感激, 用appreciation符合题意。应选用19、Keep quiet, son! I need complete when I'm working.Sorry, Dad. I won't make any noise again.A. silenceB. trustC. controlD. strength答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一一安静点，儿子！我在工作时需要绝对的沉默。一一对不起，爸爸。我不会再发 出声响了。A.silence寂静，沉默;B.trust信任;C.control控制；D.strength力量。由语境中父亲要求安静和 儿子做的回答不难推断，父亲想要安静的工作环境。应选A。20> The program is aimed to give the people in the countryside to safe drinking water.A. accessB. passageC. wayD. approach答案：A 解析: 考查名词词义辨析和短语。句意：这个工程目标是给农村人提供使用平安饮水的机会。A.access接触； B.passage通道；C.way方式；D.approach方法。根据accesst。（使用.的机会）可知空格处填access。应选 Ao21> In a, two or more speakers express two or more opposing views.A. challenges. scheduleC. opportunityD. debate答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在辩论中，两个或两个以上的发言者表达两种或两种以上相反的观点。A.challenge 挑战；B. schedule 计戈U表；C. opportunity 机会；D. debate 辩论。根据后文"two or more speakers express two or more opposing views提出两个或两个以上的发言者表达两种或两种以上相反的观点，可知是在 辩论中。应选D。22、Can you tell me your for happiness and a long life? Living every day to the full, definitely.A. recipeB. recordC. rangeD. receipt答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一一你能告诉我幸福长寿的秘诀吗？一一充实地过好每一天。A. recipe方法，秘诀;record 记录；C. range 范围，界限；D. receipt 收据。根据语境和后文"for happiness and a long life及“Living every day to the full, definitely”可知,此处指"秘诀"。应选 A 项。23、You should have asked for your parents'before you go out for a whole night.A. permissionB. excitementC. admissionD. encouragement答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析